Showing papers by "Saint Anselm College published in 2020"
National Radio Astronomy Observatory1, University of Manitoba2, Cornell University3, United States Naval Research Laboratory4, Space Telescope Science Institute5, University of Toronto6, Saint Anselm College7, California Institute of Technology8, University of California, Berkeley9, Max Planck Society10, Drexel University11, University of Alberta12, University of Minnesota13, University of Cape Town14, University of the Western Cape15, Universidad de Guanajuato16, Harvard University17, University of Bristol18, Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics19, Pennsylvania State University20, University of Iowa21, West Virginia University22, University of Colorado Boulder23, Newcastle University24, Leiden University25, Hebrew University of Jerusalem26, University of Washington27, University of Oxford28, Smithsonian Institution29, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign30, National Autonomous University of Mexico31, Spanish National Research Council32, European Southern Observatory33, University of Hamburg34, INAF35
TL;DR: The Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) as discussed by the authors is a synoptic, all-sky radio sky survey with a unique combination of high angular resolution (≈2.5"), sensitivity (a 1σ goal of 70 μJy/beam in the coadded data), full linear Stokes polarimetry, time domain coverage, and wide bandwidth (2-4 GHz).
Abstract: The Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) is a synoptic, all-sky radio sky survey with a unique combination of high angular resolution (≈2.5\"), sensitivity (a 1σ goal of 70 μJy/beam in the coadded data), full linear Stokes polarimetry, time domain coverage, and wide bandwidth (2-4 GHz). The first observations began in September 2017, and observing for the survey will finish in 2024. VLASS will use approximately 5500 hours of time on the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to cover the whole sky visible to the VLA (Declination > −40∘), a total of 33,885 deg^2. The data will be taken in three epochs to allow the discovery of variable and transient radio sources. The survey is designed to engage radio astronomy experts, multi-wavelength astronomers, and citizen scientists alike. By utilizing an \"on the fly\" interferometry mode, the observing overheads are much reduced compared to a conventional pointed survey. In this paper, we present the science case and observational strategy for the survey, and also results from early survey observations.
288 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider detectors outside a BTZ black hole and demonstrate the existence of black hole analogues of these effects, which they dub anti-Hawking phenomena.
42 citations
TL;DR: This paper extended boundaryless and protean career orientations, established theoretical career concepts, to explain the entrepreneurial intentions of actors already working in wage-employment careers, and provided an explanation for why some people who have previously decided to pursue paid-employment careers view moves to entrepreneurial careers as feasible and desirable as proposed by entrepreneurial intentions-based models.
Abstract: Research on entrepreneurial intentions, as an important step in the decision to undertake an entrepreneurial career, tends to position career actors as choosing entrepreneurship as a first career decision. However, most scholars agree that entrepreneurs emerge from existing organizations, not from college dorm rooms. Therefore, individuals choosing to enter entrepreneurship typically do so after having made previous career decisions to work in paid-employment careers. Despite the usefulness of the accumulated knowledge of individual and contextual antecedents to entrepreneurial intentions, few studies offer a careers theory-based explanation for why some people who have previously decided to pursue paid-employment careers view moves to entrepreneurial careers as feasible and desirable as proposed by entrepreneurial intentions-based models. In this paper, we extend boundaryless and protean career orientations, established theoretical career concepts, to explain the entrepreneurial intentions of actors already working in wage-employment careers. Our theoretical integration sheds new light on entrepreneurial intentions research and fills important gaps in our understanding of the mindsets of those inclined towards entrepreneurial careers.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider quantum clocks constructed from the internal degrees of relativistic particles that move through curved spacetime and derive the probability that one clock reads a given proper time conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time.
Abstract: At the intersection of quantum theory and relativity lies the possibility of a clock experiencing a superposition of proper times. We consider quantum clocks constructed from the internal degrees of relativistic particles that move through curved spacetime. The probability that one clock reads a given proper time conditioned on another clock reading a different proper time is derived. From this conditional probability distribution, it is shown that when the center-of-mass of these clocks move in localized momentum wave packets they observe classical time dilation. We then illustrate a quantum correction to the time dilation observed by a clock moving in a superposition of localized momentum wave packets that has the potential to be observed in experiment. The Helstrom-Holevo lower bound is used to derive a proper time-energy/mass uncertainty relation.
19 citations
TL;DR: The entanglement harvesting protocol is an operational way to probe vacuum entanglements as mentioned in this paper, which relies on two atoms, modelled by Unruh-DeWitt detectors, that are initially unentangled and then interact locally with the field and become entangled.
Abstract: The entanglement harvesting protocol is an operational way to probe vacuum entanglement This protocol relies on two atoms, modelled by Unruh-DeWitt detectors, that are initially unentangled These atoms then interact locally with the field and become entangled If the atoms remain spacelike separated, any entanglement between them is a result of entanglement that is ``harvested'' from the field Thus, quantifying this entanglement serves as a proxy for how entangled the field is across the regions in which the atoms interacted Using this protocol, it is demonstrated that while the transition probability of an individual inertial atom is unaffected by the presence of a gravitational wave, the entanglement harvested by two atoms depends sensitively on the frequency of the gravitational wave, exhibiting novel resonance effects when the energy gap of the detectors is tuned to the frequency of the gravitational wave This suggests that the entanglement signature left by a gravitational wave may be useful in characterizing its properties, and potentially useful in exploring the gravitational-wave memory effect and gravitational-wave induced decoherence
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry was used to better understand the construction sequence and phase of mortars at the Coriglia, Castel Viscardo archaeological excavation site near Orvieto, Italy.
16 citations
TL;DR: This work discusses two scenarios when the Clausius statement that heat does not spontaneously flow from cold to hot does not hold, and suggests that the energy transfer may be consistent with the statement on a coarse-grained timescale, but be anomalously directed during time intervals shorter than the thermalization time.
Abstract: Compared to other formulations of the second law of thermodynamics, the Clausius statement that heat does not spontaneously flow from cold to hot concerns a system in nonequilibrium states, and in that respect is more ambitious but also more ambiguous. We discuss two scenarios when the Clausius statement in its plain form does not hold. First, for ergodic systems, the energy transfer may be consistent with the statement on a coarse-grained timescale, but be anomalously directed during time intervals shorter than the thermalization time. In particular, when an initially colder system is brought in contact to a hotter bath, the internal energy of the former increases with time in a long run but not monotonically. Second, the heat transfer may not respect the Clausius statement on any timescale in nonergodic systems due to the formation of localized vibrational modes. We illustrate the two scenarios with a familiar model of an isotope atom attached to a semi-infinite harmonic atomic chain. Technically, the discussion is based on a Langevin equation for the isotope, using the initial condition when the isotope and chain are initially prepared in uncorrelated canonical states under the constraint that the boundary atom between the isotope and chain is initially fixed and later released. In such setting, the noise in the Langevin equation is nonstationary, and the fluctuation-dissipation relation has a nonstandard form.
12 citations
TL;DR: Ground theory methods showed that while some caregivers struggle to find meaning and happiness within their caregiver role, and others said the illness/impairment bonded them together, future research should focus on pre-illness couplehood and whether the nature of the impairment is related to caregiver’s couplehood.
Abstract: Objective: Spousal caregiving is increasingly common, and it is a role that can alter the nature of marriage in later life. Some may find spousal caregiving to be distressing, while others may have...
11 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: It is found that performance declined rapidly over the first 18 months in nearly all kinematic measures, which puts the adult data out of the currently developing trend of high performance being maintained across the diversity of snakes.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified factors related to teacher attrition (e.g., salary, administrative support) and other factors, such as teacher attrition rate, which hinder schools in their ability to provide quality instruction.
Abstract: High teacher attrition rates hinder schools in their ability to provide quality instruction. While studies have identified factors related to attrition (e.g., salary, administrative support) and th...
TL;DR: In four studies, it is shown that marketing communications can elicit anticipatory nostalgia, and this emotion can either enhance or reduce consumer enjoyment of the experience, depending on the experience valence or the individual’s level of life satisfaction.
Abstract: What helps consumers extract the greatest happiness from their experiences? The current investigation is the first to introduce to the consumer literature the construct of anticipatory nostalgia, defined as missing aspects of the present before they vanish in the future. While personal nostalgia involves fond memories and longing for what has already been lost, anticipatory nostalgia involves missing what has not yet been lost. In four studies, we show that marketing communications can elicit anticipatory nostalgia, and this emotion can either enhance or reduce consumer enjoyment of the experience, depending on the experience valence or the individual's level of life satisfaction. Specifically, mediated by anxiety, anticipatory nostalgia decreased enjoyment and positive affect in pleasant situations, but it enhanced enjoyment and affect in unpleasant circumstances. Study 4 extended the paradigm to a real-life setting and showed that the impact of anticipatory nostalgia on enjoyment and meaningfulness can last as long as 8 h after the manipulation.
TL;DR: The authors argue that white evangelicals are more concerned with preserving its identity and power than with adhering to a doctrine, and therefore will not be satisfied regardless of the outcome of the 2020 election.
Abstract: The strong allegiance of white evangelicals to President Trump is one of the defining – and confounding – characteristics of this era of American politics. We propose that the orthodoxy of evangelicals is more concerned with preserving its identity and power than it is with adhering to a doctrine, and therefore will not be satisfied regardless of the outcome of the 2020 election.
TL;DR: The authors examined a dialogue project in Prozor-Rama in Bosnia and Herzegovina and found that dialogue can have positive effects for participants, but it is not clear how it affects members of the wider community.
Abstract: Dialogue can have positive effects for participants, but it is not clear how it affects members of the wider community. This study examines a dialogue project in Prozor-Rama in Bosnia and H...
14 Feb 2020
TL;DR: Skidmore and Murakami as discussed by the authors present a collection of essays on the importance of dialogue in teaching and learning, focusing on a dual theoretical and empirical project: first, to define and advocate for dialogical classroom pedagogy; and second, to unearth such practice through microstudies of classroom dialogue.
Abstract: A review of Skidmore, D & K. Murakami (Eds). (2016). Dialogic pedagogy: The importance of dialogue in teaching and learning. Bristol, United Kingdom: Multilingual MattersSkidmore and Murakami’s collection of essays takes on a dual theoretical and empirical project: first, to define and advocate for dialogical classroom pedagogy; and second, to unearth such practice through microstudies of classroom dialogue. This project divides itself neatly in half: the first six chapters trace the theory of dialogic pedagogy, including the history of discourse, coding, and practices, while the remaining seven are devoted to empirical studies marked by a careful microanalysis of dialogue.The work distinguishes itself from scholarship on the dialogical the past 20 years, during which works have either been single-authored, deeply-researched, and theoretical (Matusov, 2009a; Wegerif, 2013) or vast collections of essays organized conceptually (Ball & Freedman, 2004; White & Peters, 2011; Ligorio & Cesar, 2013). While special journal editions have brought new focus to unexplored threads of the dialogical, such as the exploration of silence in the classroom or the history of the School of the Dialogue of Cultures (Matusov 2009b), this collection affords considerable latitude to its theoretical and historical frame. A comparable work of conceptual breadth is that of White (2016), whose publication frames classroom research of lower school learners with concepts from Bakhtin. Like White’s work, Skidmore and Murakami paint at once in broad strokes and miniature: on the one hand, the collection situates dialogical pedagogy into its historical context, interweaving the work of early Russian theorists; at the same time, it offers granular studies of classroom dialogue. Since Skidmore authors or co-authors seven of the 13 chapters, the collection somewhat serves as a project of singular intent, one that raises a persistent question as to whether the methodologies in the studies presented in the second half of the work, focused on Conversational Analysis (CA) and the Discourse Analysis (DA), cohere to the ambitions of dialogical pedagogy offered in the first. In the end, the promise that CA affords greater magnification of classroom moments does not overcome what may be a limitation of the methodology to unearth dialogic pedagogy.
TL;DR: Changes to head morphology in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in response to time spent in captivity are documented and several potential implications of these changes are discussed.
Abstract: In response to the growing number of amphibian and reptiles species in decline, many conservation managers have implemented captive breeding and headstarting programs in an effort to restore these populations. However, many of these programs suffer from low survival success, and it is often unclear as to why some individuals do not survive after reintroduction. Here I document changes to head morphology in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in response to time spent in captivity. Thamnophis raised on three diet treatments all differed in head size from wild individuals, and head size differed between the three treatments. Overall, head size was smaller in all three diet treatments than in wild snakes, potentially limiting the available prey for the captive garter snakes. Allometric patterns of growth in head size were also different for each diet treatment. Several potential implications of these changes in morphology are discussed, and what these changes may mean for other species that are part of headstarting and reintroduction programs.
TL;DR: This study shows that dusky damselfish successfully occupy living and dead coral areas; however, there are potential trade-offs between defending a larger territory and cultivating fewer algal species.
Abstract: Coral loss is a major element of global ecological change in the oceans that may shape the behavior of keystone species such as habitat-attached animals. Farming damselfishes cultivate and aggressively protect algal garden within their territory, thereby shaping local fish assemblages and macro-algae diversity. Following the widespread loss of live branching coral throughout Florida and the Caribbean Sea, dusky damselfish (Stegastes adustus) have modified their territorial behavior. We compared antagonistic behavior, and size and algal species composition of territories of dusky damselfish on dead branching coral rubble and live boulder coral in the Dry Tortugas National Park, USA. Even though similar numbers of “intruders” entered each habitat type, dusky damselfish on rubble territories chased out significantly more fishes, had larger territories and more species of algae were present in their gardens. This study shows that dusky damselfish successfully occupy living and dead coral areas; however, there are potential trade-offs between defending a larger territory and cultivating fewer algal species.
TL;DR: This is the first study to report male mate choice in M. ramirezi, a neotropical dwarf cichlid, validating that males of the species reliably respond to computer animated images of conspecific females.
Abstract: Male ram cichlid, Mikrogeophagus ramirezi, spent significantly more time associating with animated female images compared to static images of the same female, indicating that males of the species reliably respond to computer-animated images of conspecific females. Female M. ramirezi temporarily display a pink-coloured belly, and this study showed that males spent significantly more time associating with animated female images displaying a pink-coloured belly compared to animated female images with pink belly colour removed. This is the first study to report male mate choice in M. ramirezi, a neotropical monogamous dwarf cichlid.
TL;DR: In this paper, the lifetime of an excited hydrogen-like atom as a clock was used to demonstrate how quantum time dilation manifests in a spontaneous emission process, and the resulting emission rate differs when compared to the emission rate of an atom prepared in a mixture of momentum wave packets at order $v^2/c^2.
Abstract: Quantum time dilation occurs when a clock moves in a superposition of relativistic momentum wave packets. We utilize the lifetime of an excited hydrogen-like atom as a clock to demonstrate how quantum time dilation manifests in a spontaneous emission process. The resulting emission rate differs when compared to the emission rate of an atom prepared in a mixture of momentum wave packets at order $v^2/c^2$. This effect is accompanied by a quantum correction to the Doppler shift due to the coherence between momentum wave packets. This quantum Doppler shift affects the spectral line shape at order $v/c$. However, its effect on the decay rate is suppressed when compared to the effect of quantum time dilation. We argue that spectroscopic experiments offer a technologically feasible platform to explore the effects of quantum time dilation.
TL;DR: A formal model of free will for complex systems based on emergent properties and adaptive selection is developed, based on a process ontology in which a free choice is a singular process that takes a system from one macrostate to another.
Abstract: In this article, I develop a formal model of free will for complex systems based on emergent properties and adaptive selection. The model is based on a process ontology in which a free choice is a singular process that takes a system from one macrostate to another. I quantify the model by introducing a formal measure of the 'freedom' of a singular choice. The 'free will' of a system, then, is emergent from the aggregate freedom of the choice processes carried out by the system. The focus in this model is on the actual choices themselves viewed in the context of processes. That is, the nature of the system making the choices is not considered. Nevertheless, my model does not necessarily conflict with models that are based on internal properties of the system. Rather it takes a behavioral approach by focusing on the externalities of the choice process.
TL;DR: 10 years of law enforcement data from the United States' National Incident-based Reporting System on sexual victimization of males 14 years of age or older suggests that the handling of sexual assault cases reported to law enforcement remains problematic.
Abstract: While rape and sexual violence have long been a widespread social problem, and one that has garnered significant attention, research that specifically examines the phenomenon of male victimization ...
TL;DR: The authors conducted a two-step research plan (one quantitative, one qualitative) to study the disconnect between the general population with the process of government and the government process, and found that an electorate which is concerned and informed, but mildly alienated and registering mild levels of efficacy.
Abstract: Concern about the topic of civic engagement has centered on the increasing reduction of voter turnout and the apparent alienation and “disconnect” of the general population with the process of government. This study, undertaken at the request of the leaders of a small town in southern New Hampshire is a two-step research plan (one quantitative, one qualitative). Results of both the survey portion of the research and the focus groups reveal an electorate (both adult and youth) which is concerned and informed, but mildly alienated and which register mild levels of efficacy. Suggestions made to try and build unity and an overall spirit of cooperation not just on the adult level but for the youth population as well, include the use of study circles increasing town wide involvement and opening a dialog among those who most acutely feel this disconnect.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This chapter proposes a hybrid computational system for running efficiently the training and inference DNN algorithms, which is more energy efficient compared with the current solutions, and achieves a higher actual performance per peak performance ratio.
Abstract: Various forms of Deep Neural Network (DNN) architectures are used as Deep Learning tools for neural inspired computational systems. The computational power, the bandwidth and the energy requested by the current developments of the domain are very high. The solutions offered by the current architectural environment are far from being efficient. We propose a hybrid computational system for running efficiently the training and inference DNN algorithms. The system is more energy efficient compared with the current solutions, and achieves a higher actual performance per peak performance ratio. The accelerator part of our heterogeneous system is a programmable many-core system with a Map-Scan/Reductive only the cells where architecture. The chapter describes and evaluates the proposed accelerator for the main computational intensive components of a DNN: the fully connected layer, the convolution layer, the pooling layer, and the softmax layer.
01 Nov 2020
TL;DR: Today's nurses have the opportunity to play a key role in advocating for healthcare reform which would allow for less interference in the natural birth process, maximize patient outcomes, decrease inequities, and make comprehensive care for all mothers and infants a national priority.
Abstract: Background Professional maternal-newborn/obstetric nursing in the United States emerged in the mid- 19th century coinciding with the increased medical management of childbirth. Before this mothers were attended by female family members, friends, neighbors and lay nurses or midwives. Objective To trace the evolution of professional maternal-newborn/obstetric nursing since its inception, identify factors which may have influenced this evolution, and consider how this knowledge can inform current issues and challenges in caring for childbearing families. Methods Qualitative content analysis, informed by historical research methods, was used to analyze selected content from a sample of maternal-newborn/obstetric nursing textbooks published from the 1880′s to the present. Findings The last 150 years have been characterized by vast changes in medicine, technology and the healthcare system which have all influenced the evolution of professional maternal-newborn/obstetric nursing. Over the decades there has also been a significant change in the conceptualization of pregnancy/childbearing and our relative understanding of maternal and infant vulnerability. Findings revealed, however, that over time the primary focus of professional maternal-newborn/obstetric nursing care has consistently been: “protection, counseling/teaching and support” of childbearing families. In the U.S. maternal-newborn/obstetric nurses currently face many challenges including caring for an increasingly diverse patient population within a complex, technologically advanced healthcare system. This system is characterized by a high rate of cesarean section births, frequent intervention in vaginal births, disparities in access to care, and a high rate of preventable morbidity and mortality. Conclusions Since its origins the nursing profession has matured and nursing's allegience is now clearly to patients and society Today's nurses have the opportunity to play a key role in advocating for healthcare reform which would allow for less interference in the natural birth process, maximize patient outcomes, decrease inequities, and make comprehensive care for all mothers and infants a national priority.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a formal model of free will for complex systems based on emergent properties and adaptive selection, which is based on a process ontology in which a free choice is a singular process that takes a system from one macrostate to another.
Abstract: In this article, I develop a formal model of free will for complex systems based on emergent properties and adaptive selection. The model is based on a process ontology in which a free choice is a singular process that takes a system from one macrostate to another. I quantify the model by introducing a formal measure of the `freedom' of a singular choice. The `free will' of a system, then, is emergent from the aggregate freedom of the choice processes carried out by the system. The focus in this model is on the actual choices themselves viewed in the context of processes. That is, the nature of the system making the choices is not considered. Nevertheless, my model does not necessarily conflict with models that are based on internal properties of the system. Rather it takes a behavioral approach by focusing on the externalities of the choice process.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: The authors analyzes economic insecurity and identity politics as connected to vote share changes at the state and local levels between the 2016 and 2018 elections and finds that perceived threats, either economically or racially, will impact vote share.
Abstract: In 2018, tax cuts coupled with foreign trade sanctions raised concerns on economic insecurity and voter disenfranchisement in America’s dominantly red heartland. President Trump’s campaign rhetoric also negatively characterized the Latinx population, a group tied to agricultural labor. Our research analyzes economic insecurity and identity politics as connected to vote share changes at the state and local levels between the 2016 and 2018 elections. Using identity theory, we posit that perceived threats, either economically or racially, will impact vote share. We find little evidence of a tax/tariff effect on changes in Republican vote share. However, race and ethnicity tied to Hispanic income gains or White-Black inequality in education impacted Republican vote share. We interpret these results as support for the argument that group-positional grievances motivated White voting behavior. All told, we find support for arguments that group-based grievances and perceived threats continued to motivate Republican support in the 2018 election.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the nature and scope of mass shootings in the United States and discuss the criteria by which they are classified as mass shootings by various academic sources and news outlets, their analogue to acts of terror, and the reluctance of state officials to classify ideological-motivated mass shootings as terrorism.
Abstract: The purpose of this chapter is to examine the nature and scope of mass shootings in the United States. These incidents are discussed with respect to the criteria by which they are classified as mass shootings by various academic sources and news outlets, their analogue to acts of terror, and the reluctance of state officials to classify ideological-motivated mass shootings as terrorism. This chapter examines the incidence of mass shootings with particularly attention paid to the characteristics of these events pre and post-9/11, as well as the media representation and statutory dictate of some as acts of domestic terrorism. Finally, the application of anti-terrorism legislation in response to mass shootings perpetrated by extremists is discussed.
01 Aug 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed and implemented an interdisciplinary minor in Cyber Criminology for students who are interested in learning about cyber crime from the dual perspectives of computer science and criminal justice.
Abstract: We are living in an age of growing cyber crime and the costs associated with it. With more and more people and devices being connected through the Internet, there are plenty of opportunities for new kinds of criminal activity as the Internet provides cyber criminals with anonymity and global reach. According to the FBI, in 2018 the Internet Crime Compliant Center (IC3) [1] received 351,936 complaints with total losses exceeding $2.7 billion. The threat of cyber crime is real and pertinent when the Internet is intertwined with our everyday lives. We must prepare today’s undergraduate students, tomorrow’s future workforce, to fight this growing threat of cyber crime. If we do not prepare today, we will be vulnerable tomorrow. This paper details our experiences in developing and implementing an interdisciplinary minor in Cyber Criminology. The minor is designed for students who are interested in learning about cyber crime from the dual perspectives of computer science and criminal justice.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze household hedging costs and market liquidity of exchange traded options on a set of well-developed U.S. home price indexes allowing homeowners to hedge the downside risk of housing price...
Abstract: We analyze household hedging costs and market liquidity of exchange traded options on a set of well-developed U.S. home price indexes allowing homeowners to hedge the downside risk of housing price...
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: For instance, the authors argued that Donald Trump's 2016 presidential election was predicated on decades of image crafting and management as well as prior flirtations with running for president, and used his celebrity to shape his political activities and build an image and a following that went largely unnoticed by most political observers.
Abstract: Donald Trump’s 2016 candidacy was predicated on decades of image crafting and management as well as prior flirtations with running for president. To understand how Trump won the 2016 election it is first necessary to understand how he used his celebrity—as a business figure, as the subject of tabloid gossip, and as a television host—to shape his political activities and build an image and a following that went largely unnoticed by most political observers.