Showing papers by "Saint Louis University published in 1975"
TL;DR: The shape of the reduced spectrum shares some characteristics of Aki's revised model as discussed by the authors, which implies a uniformity of earthquake processes in the central United States over a wide range of event sizes, as opposed to California where wide variations in the corner frequency are observed for source spectra having the same seismic moment.
Abstract: Summary
Spectra of more than three hundred short-period, vertical component Lg waves of 78 earthquakes in the central United States were determined. From these an empirical relationship between the long-period level of the Lg spectrum and the seismic moment was developed. The shape of the reduced spectrum shares some characteristics of Aki's revised model A. There is a uniform relationship between the corner period and the seismic moment, which implies a uniformity of earthquake processes in the central United States over a wide range of event sizes, as opposed to California where wide variations in the corner frequency are observed for source spectra having the same seismic moment. Using the reduced spectra, a method for relating magnitude observations at periods other than 1 s to mb is outlined.
166 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that speaking rate increased with age, due to corresponding decreases in both legnth and frequency of unfilled pauses (UPs), although the two measures were themselves uncorrelated.
Abstract: Narratives were told aloud by 12 boys and 12 girls at each of seven age levels in response to nine cartoon pictures. Speech rate increased with age, due to corresponding decreases in both legnth and frequency of unfilled pauses (UPs), although the two measures were themselves uncorrelated. Parenthetical remarks (PRs) increased with age, while repeats (Rs) decreased. Location of UPs (81% before function words) was stable over age levels. Comparisons with other experiments are made. Interrelationships of speaking and thinking are discussed in terms of the cognitive and linguistic functions of length and frequency of UPs, respectively. Theories that neglect multiple psychological determinants of speech behavior and/or concentrate on only one level or unit of encoding are rejected as inadequate.
162 citations
TL;DR: The progressive constriction of the Mississippi for navigation since 1837 has caused bottom erosion in some stretches, and the bottom oscillates up and down with time, while in others the high stages rise much more rapidly.
Abstract: The progressive constriction of the Mississippi for navigation since 1837 has caused bottom erosion in some stretches. In others the bottom oscillates up and down with time. The high stages rise much more rapidly. Constriction of the river channel causes flooding and makes floods higher; thus navigation works degrade the protection afforded by levees. The combination of navigation works and levees causes significant rises in the stages of floods. Additional channel constriction and levee building will cause further problems. The 1973 flood's record was man-made.
149 citations
TL;DR: Findings lend support to the view that the paradoxical calcium necrosis of cardiac muscle at 37°C is due to the massive influx of calcium into the cardiac muscle cells following damage to the sarcolemma.
116 citations
TL;DR: High-affinity Ca2+ binding did not increase actin-activated ATPase activity in the absence of regulatory proteins, but rather inhibited it, and Mg2+ alters Ca2-binding in a complex manner.
97 citations
92 citations
Book•
01 Jan 197569 citations
TL;DR: The relationship of sex, age, and body fat content were assessed on the maximal voluntary strength (MVC), the endurance of a sustained contraction held at 40% of the subject's maximal strength, and the associated changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
Abstract: The relationship of sex, age, and body fat content were assessed on the maximal voluntary strength (MVC), the endurance of a sustained contraction held at 40% of the subject's maximal strength, and the associated changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Isometric hand-grip strength was, as expected, greater in men than in women; however, in both sexes, age was inversely related to isometric strength, particularly in women. Body fat content, however, was directly related to strength. In contrast, in both male and female subjects aging was directly related to isometric endurance while body fat content was now inversely related to isometric endurance. The increase in heart rate throughout a fatiguing contraction at 40% MVC was strikingly similar in men and women. Heart rate, which always increased during exercise, attained its highest magnitude during exercise in the subjects who had the highest resting heart rates. However, older subjects displayed a smaller increase in exercising heart rates than younger subjects. The blood pressure at the end of the 40% MVC was directly related to the resting blood pressure. However, aging and body fat content both increased the resting systolic blood pressure in men and women; this aging effect was further exaggerated during the exercise.
59 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that a single negative behavior neutralized five positive behaviors, yielding an impression only insignificantly better than that based on five negative and five positive actions.
Abstract: Summary Subjects were presented with varying amounts of favorable and unfavorable information describing behaviors of an unknown person and were asked to rate his character after each type of information and again a week later. Where the amount of positive information was greater than the negative, results indicated that a single negative behavior neutralized five positive behaviors, yielding an impression only insignificantly better than that based on five negative and five positive actions. Final ratings were compared with values predicted by a simple averaging theory. Empirical ratings were significantly lower than theoretical values except for two cases where an averaging theory would also predict negative impressions.
57 citations
TL;DR: The “single-stranded” and “double-stranding” models for the replicative intermediate are discussed and it is found that the chain length of the poly(U) (60 to 120 nucleotides) is heterogeneous and similar to that of poly(A) of virion RNA, suggesting a mechanism of transcription forpoly(A).
54 citations
TL;DR: The results seem to indicate that the uterine testosterone receptor has no role in the androgen - induced nuclear uptake of the estrogen receptor, however, the non-steroidal antiestrogens inhibited the DHT - inducednuclear accumulation of theosterone receptor.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the change in isometric endurance associated with either loss or gain of weight can be accounted for entirely by the changes in muscle temperature.
Abstract: 1 The relationship between body fat content, isometric endurance and deep muscle temperature was assessed in eight male and female volunteers trained to static effort 2 Muscle temperature, measured in the belly of the brachioradialis muscle, was found to be directly related to the subjects9 body fat content 3 Associated with a reduction in body fat content, there was a marked decrease in deep muscle temperature and an increase in isometric endurance of the hand-grip muscles; no change in strength was noted 4 Conversely, an increase in body fat content resulted in an increase in deep muscle temperature and a decrease in isometric endurance 5 When muscle temperature was stabilized before and after weight loss by immersing the forearm in water at 37°C, a reduction in body fat no longer influenced endurance 6 It was concluded that the change in isometric endurance associated with either loss or gain of weight can be accounted for entirely by the changes in muscle temperature
TL;DR: The present studies indicate the relative plasma membrane permeability to Ca z÷ is a major determinant of the influence of this ion upon respiration and a combination of sluggish uptake by intact cells and rapid Ca 2÷ accumulation by a small fraction of damaged cells.
TL;DR: Results support the contention that poly(Cm)·oligo(dG), but not poly (C), is a specific template-primer for RNA tumor virus RNA-directed DNA polymerases.
TL;DR: Small bowel bypass is effective in producing sustained weight reduction in these patients and careful and continued study of these patients for the rest of their lives is of paramount importance.
Abstract: From November 1970 to August 1974 small intestinal bypass was performed in 475 patients for morbid obesity with an operative mortality of 1.6%. Immediate postoperative complications were superficial wound infection (17 patients), pulmonary complications (seven patients), cardiac complications (five patients), wound dehiscence (nine patients), intestinal tract fistula (four patients), and miscellaneous complications (14 patients). Delayed complications included hypokalemia (28%), hypocalcemia (9%), anemia (11%), calcium oxalate urinary calculi (6%), gout (2%), and hepatic failure (1.4%). Fourteen patients died of late complications. Ventral incisional hernia occurred in 3% of the patients; failure to lose sufficient weight in 21%, all but one occurring in patients with end-to-side shunts. Thirteen end-to-side shunts have been converted to end-to-end shunts because of insufficient weight loss. A team concept is important in the handling of the morbidly obese. Small bowel bypass is effective in producing sustained weight reduction in these patients. Careful and continued study of these patients for the rest of their lives is of paramount importance.
TL;DR: Regulation of O-methyltransferase synthesis in S. alboniger includes induction early in growth that is susceptible to catabolite repression and differential inhibition by ethidium bromide, and protection of the enzyme from inactivation by increased intracellular levels of its substrates.
Abstract: Mechanisms for regulation of puromycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces alboniger were studied by measuring the levels of S-adenosyl-l-methionine:O-demethylpuromycin O-methyltransferase. The enzyme was released in soluble form from mycelia by 3 to 5 min of sonication at 4 C. Maximal specific activities of 0.7 and 0.1 nmol/min per mg of protein were found in cells grown in corn steep liquor-corn starch and Hickey-Tresner media, respectively. In both media, the O-methyltransferase activity rose from low levels to a maximum during midlogarithmic growth and then declined or disappeared completely (in Hickey-Tresner medium) during stationary phase. Either glucose (1%) or ethidium bromide (5 μM) reduced O-methyltransferase formation to very low levels with no effect on overall growth. Complete glucose repression of antibiotic formation occurred on agar. Cells grown in the presence of ethidium bromide continued to produce low enzyme levels after regrowth in the absence of dye, but formed normal amounts of puromycin on Hickey-Tresner agar. The O-methyltransferase, either crude or purified, was rapidly inactivated at 37 C. Each substrate alone, or both together at lower concentrations, protected against this loss of activity. Puromycin inhibited the transferase. Regulation of O-methyltransferase synthesis in S. alboniger includes (i) induction early in growth that is susceptible to catabolite repression and differential inhibition by ethidium bromide, and (ii) protection of the enzyme from inactivation by increased intracellular levels of its substrates. The O-methyltransferase was purified 30- to 40-fold by a combination of protamine sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, adsorption and gradient salt elution from diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The enzyme was very unstable, even at low temperatures, upon purification beyond the salt fractionation step, but was stabilized by the addition of S-adenosyl-l-methionine during later stages of purification.
TL;DR: This brief and necessarily incomplete survey of available evidence on the development of transport systems in animal cells reveals a primitive state of knowledge full of interesting possibilities for future development.
TL;DR: It was shown that these two polypeptides bind strongly to single-stranded DNA–cellulose columns and that large amounts of these ‘DNA-binding proteins’ can be isolated from the cytoplasm of the infected cells and could play a role in the replication of adenovirus DNA.
Abstract: Two new polypeptides of molecular weights 75,000 and 45,000 are found in KB cells infected with human adenovirus type 2 (Ad 2), (ref 1). They represent the major labelled protein components of a nuclear membrane fraction (‘DNA replication complex’) that is capable of synthesising adenovirus DNA in vitro1–3. It has been proposed that these polypeptides are early viral gene products, for they are synthesised soon after infection in the presence of 1-β-D-arabinosylcytosine (Ara C), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis1. Their association with the DNA replication complex suggested that they may have an affinity for DNA and could play a role in the replication of adenovirus DNA. It was subsequently shown that these two polypeptides bind strongly to single-stranded DNA–cellulose columns and that large amounts of these ‘DNA-binding proteins’ can be isolated from the cytoplasm of the infected cells2. Two polypeptides of similar molecular weights (72,000 and 48,000) were independently isolated from cell extracts of monkey kidney cells, abortively infected with Ad 5, by their ability to bind to single-stranded DNA-cellulose4,24. The use of temperature-sensitive mutants of Ad 5 indicated that these polypeptides are viral-coded4,24. Comparison of tryptic maps suggested that the 48,000 component was a degradation product of the 72,000 polypeptide (A. J. Levine, unpublished). A polypeptide of molecular weight about 65,000–75,000 has also been detected by polyacrylamide gel analysis in KB cells soon after infection by Ad 2 and Ad 5 (refs 5–7) and in HeLa cells infected by Ad 2 (ref. 8).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that elemental diets stimulate the duodental mucosa to secrete cholecystokinin which stimulates the exocrine pancreas, and would not theoretically be a satisfactory method of providing calories to patients with acute pancreatitis.
Abstract: The effect of an elemental diet on canine exocrine pancreatic secretion was evaluated by infusing an elemental diet into the duodenum of dogs and monitoring the output of the pancreas. The stimulatory properties of the elemental diet were compared with a nearly equimolar dose of an L-form neutral amino acid, 0.16 normal hydrochloric acid, and 2 units per kilogram per hour of exogenous cholecystokinin. Intraduodenal infusion of elemental diet produced significant increases in pancreatic volume and protein output. These changes were similar to those produced by the amino acid solution and suggest that the stimulatory properties of the elemental diet are primarily due to the amino acid content. The results of the this study suggest that elemental diets stimulate the duodental mucosa to secrete cholecystokinin which stimulates the exocrine pancreas. Elemental diets administered in such a manner that the substance passes through the duodenum would not theoretically be a satisfactory method of providing calories to patients with acute pancreatitis.
TL;DR: It is suggested that some of the estrogen receptors accumulated in the nuclei by androgens, inactive androgen isomers, or antiestrogens may not be capable of eliciting a biological response.
Abstract: Studies were conducted to determine the ability of androgens in vitro to elicit the induction of a specific uterine protein (IP) normally attributed to estrogens. Both 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT) and testosterone were effective in stimulating IP synthesis in rat uterine tissue in a concentration dependent manner (0.1 muM to 50 muM). 5alpha-DHT was more effective than testosterone and reached approximately 85% of the estradiol stimulated IP response at 10 muM and 50 muM; whereas testosterone was only able to achieve about a 70% IP response at 50 muM. This androgen stimulated IP synthesis was stereospecific since cis-testosterone and 5beta-DHT, inactive androgen isomers, were unable to evoke a detectable IP response at any concentration studied. Antiandrogens were unable to inhibit the 5alpha-DHT stimulated IP synthesis but antiestrogens were able to greatly inhibit the 5alpha-DHT and testosterone stimulated IP responses in a concentration dependent manner. The anti-estrogens, themselves, were very weak inducers of the IP response. The nuclear accumulation of the estrogen receptor by various androgens and inactive androgen isomers was also determined. Approximately 100% nuclear accumulation of receptor was attained with 1 muM 5alpha-DHT, whereas 50 muM testosterone was needed for 100% uptake. 5beta-DHT was unable to translocate the receptor at the lower concentrations tested, but caused a significant nuclear accumulation of 50 muM. Cis-testosterone was unable to cause the nuclear accumulation of the estrogen receptor at all concentrations studied. These studies suggest that some of the estrogen receptors accumulated in the nuclei by androgens, inactive androgen isomers, or antiestrogens may not be capable of eliciting a biological response.
TL;DR: The indication for hysterectomy following irradiation, the value of which has been demonstrated on patients with Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium or in carcinomas of the cervix with barrel‐shaped configuration, needs further evaluation on Patients with endometrial extension of cervical carcinoma, because of the high incidence of distant metastasis.
Abstract: This is a retrospective analysis of 302 patients with histologically confirmed primary carcinoma of the cervix on whom a dilatation and curettage was performed during the initial workup. The prognostic significance of endometrial extension of this tumor was investigated. Four different types of specimens were identified: 1) endometrial extension of cervical carcinoma; 2) cervical carcinoma in the curettings only; 3) a mixture of normal endometrium and epidermoid carcinoma in the curettings; 4) no cervical carcinoma noted (negative D & C). The patients were staged according to the FIGO classification. Patients with Stage I carcinoma and positive D & Cs showed significantly lower 3- and 5-year survival rates (50–60%), as opposed to those with negative D & C (approximately 80–85%). In Stage II, the endometrial extension of the cervical carcinoma decreased the 3-year survival rates to 50–56%, in contrast to 73% with negative D & C. At 5-years, the survival rates were 45% with positive D & C, in contrast to approximately 70% in those with negative D & Cs. Patients with Stage I cervical carcinoma and positive curettings showed a 20% incidence of distant metastasis, in comparison to only 4.5% in the patients with negative D & C (p ≦ .05). Patients with Stage II cervical tumors and positive D & C had a 21% incidence of distant metastasis, in contrast to 10.7% in those with negative D & C. It is strongly recommended that a dilatation and curettage be routinely obtained in the evaluation of patients with cervical carcinoma. The plan of treatment should be modified; whenever possible, packing of the endometrial cavity with Heyman capsules should be performed. The indication for hysterectomy following irradiation, the value of which has been demonstrated on patients with Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium or in carcinoma of the cervix with barrel-shaped configuration, needs further evaluation on patients with endometrial extension of cervical carcinoma, because of the high incidence of distant metastasis.
TL;DR: Kinetic analysis revealed the alkaloid to be a reversible, linear, non-competitive inhibitor with respect to its substrates, geraniol and NADPH, and observations suggest feedback control of the pathway by catharanthine.
TL;DR: Comparison of immediate scans obtained 15 to 20 minutes following the administration of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m with those obtained two or three hours later suggests that the change in apparent size of the original lesion results from decrease in peritumor edema.
Abstract: Eight men with primary or metastatic brain tumors were examined with brain scans before and after the administration of dexamethasone. All patients demonstrated some improvement in their clinical neurologic status during therapy, and two patients had a dramatic response. Seven of the eight patients examined showed a decrease in the apparent size of the original lesion on repeat brain scan while receiving dexamethasone. Comparison of immediate scans obtained 15 to 20 minutes following the administration of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m with those obtained two to three hours later suggests that the change in apparent size of the original lesion results from decrease in peritumor edema. ( JAMA 232:1261-1263, 1975).
TL;DR: In vitro insulin had no demonstrable effect on lipid metabolism in the perfused lung, an indication that the effects of the hormone may be long term rather than short term, and indicates that pulmonary lipid metabolism may be regulated by the action of insulin.
TL;DR: In this paper, the density of type-C RNA tumour viruses, possessing reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) activity, and containing high molecular weight RNA that shares a portion of its base sequences with the RNA of murine RNA tumor viruses, have been reported to be present in several types of human malignant tissues, but not in their normal counterparts.
Abstract: PARTICLES having the density of type-C RNA tumour viruses, possessing reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) activity, and containing high molecular weight RNA that shares a portion of its base sequences with the RNA of murine RNA tumour viruses, have been reported to be present in several types of human malignant tissues, but not in their normal counterparts (review, see ref. 1). The endogenous RNA→DNA synthetic capabilities of these particles were used in a simultaneous detection test2,3 to determine these parameters. Because of their similarity and relatedness to animal oncornaviruses, these particles are considered to be possible aetiological agents of human cancer2.
TL;DR: This case represents and example of terminal involvement of the orbit and conjunctiva, causing proptosis, and the minimal conjunctival changes were the first indication of neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in this location and, presumably, the orbit.
Abstract: Benjamin, Ivy, Taylor, Herbert, and Spindler, James: Orbital and conjuctival involvement in multiple myeloma. Report of a case. Am J Clin Pathol 63: 811-817, 1975. Orbital and conjunctival involvement in multiple myeloma are rare. In most reported cases of multiple myeloma with orbital involvement proptosis has been the initial manifestation that has led to diagnosis of the disease. Our case represents and example of terminal involvement of the orbit and conjunctiva, causing proptosis. The minimal conjunctival changes were the first indication of neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in this location and, presumably, the orbit.
TL;DR: The ability of 11‐day‐old rat glial and neuronal cells to biosynthesize sterol was studied as a function of time in vivo and in vitro and glial‐enriched cell preparations demonstrated a greater ability to incorporate [2‐14C]mevalonic acid into isoprenoid material than did neuronal‐en enriched preparations.
Abstract: —
The ability of 11-day-old rat glial and neuronal cells to biosynthesize sterol was studied as a function of time in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro experiments utilized [2-14C]mevalonic acid as precursor. Glial-enriched cell preparations demonstrated a greater ability to incorporate [2-14C]mevalonic acid into isoprenoid material than did neuronal-enriched preparations. Approximately 4 h were required for maximal uptake of labelled mevalonate by the glial preparations. Further metabolism of the isoprenoid material, involving squalene turnover and sterol demethylation, was still evident even after 15 h of incubation. In vivo, sterol biosynthesis was studied by intraperitoneal injection of sodium [2-14C]acetate and [U-14C]glucose, sacrifice of the animals at 2 or 24 h, subsequent isolation of glial- and neuronal-cell enriched fractions and analysis of labelled isoprenoid material. Glial-enriched fractions again contained the bulk of the labelled isoprenoid material.
TL;DR: Following exercise at 30 rpm, the isometric endurance was 25 to 50% lower than that found at the most advantageous speed of cycling for the authors' subjects; at these faster rates of cycling two subjects showed least static component following exercise at 90 rpm while the remaining subject performed best after cycling at 50 rpm.
Abstract: A new approach has been devised to assess the “static component” of dynamic exercise This technique involves the measurement of the isometric endurance of muscles which have just taken part in rhythmic exercise and depends on the repeatability of trained subjects in isometric effort The premise is that isometric endurance will be inversely related to the static component of the preceding dynamic exercise The subjects worked on a bicycle ergometer at known fractions of their maximal aerobic capacity (max\(\dot V_{O_2 } \)) The rate of pedalling was varied from 30 to 90 rpm, so that for a given % max\(\dot V_{O_2 } \), the belt tension varied inversely with the speed of cycling At any one speed of cycling, isometric endurance decreased as the belt tension increased Following exercise at 30 rpm, the isometric endurance was 25 to 50% lower than that found at the most advantageous speed of cycling for our subjects; at these faster rates of cycling two subjects showed least static component following exercise at 90 rpm while the remaining subject performed best after cycling at 50 rpm