Saint Louis University

About: Saint Louis University is a education organization based out in St Louis, Missouri, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 18927 authors who have published 34895 publications receiving 1267475 citations. The organization is also known as: SLU & St. Louis University.

Finite state induced flow models. I - Two-dimensional thin airfoil

Abstract: A new finite state aerodynamic theory is presented for incompressible, two-dimensional flow around thin airfoils. The theory is derived directly from potential flow theory with no assumptions on the time history of airfoil motions. The aerodynamic states are the coefficients of a set of induced-flow expansions. As a result, the finite state equations are hierarchical in nature and have closed-form coefficients. Therefore, the model can be taken to as many states as are dictated by the spatial texture and frequency range of interest with no intermediate numerical analysis. The set of first-order state equations is easily coupled with structure and control equations and can be exercised in the frequency or Laplace domain as well as in the time domain. Comparisons are given with Theodorsen theory, Wagner theory, and other methods. Excellent results are found with only a few states.

Tectonic Evolution of the North China Block: From Orogen to Craton to Orogen

Abstract: The North China Craton contains one of the longest, most complex records of magmatism, sedimentation, and deformation on Earth, with deformation spanning the interval from the Early Archaean (3.8 Ga) to the present. The Early to Middle Archaean record preserves remnants of generally gneissic meta-igneous and metasedimentary rock terranes bounded by anastomosing shear zones. The Late Archaean record is marked by a collision between a passive margin sequence developed on an amalgamated Eastern Block, and an oceanic arc–ophiolitic assemblage preserved in the 1600 km long Central Orogenic Belt, an Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic orogen that preserves remnants of oceanic basin(s) that closed between the Eastern and Western Blocks. Foreland basin sediments related to this collision are overlain by 2.4 Ga flood basalts and shallow marine–continental sediments, all strongly deformed and metamorphosed in a 1.85 Ga Himalayan-style collision along the northern margin of the craton. The North China Craton saw relative quiescence until 700 Ma when subduction under the present southern margin formed the Qingling–Dabie Shan–Sulu orogen (700–250 Ma), the northern margin experienced orogenesis during closure of the Solonker Ocean (500–250 Ma), and subduction beneath the palaeo-Pacific margin affected easternmost China (200–100 Ma). Vast amounts of subduction beneath the North China Craton may have hydrated and weakened the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which detached in the Mesozoic, probably triggered by collisions in the Dabie Shan and along the Solonker suture. This loss of the lithospheric mantle brought young asthenosphere close to the surface beneath the eastern half of the craton, which has been experiencing deformation and magmatism since, and is no longer a craton in the original sense of the word. Six of the 10 deadliest earthquakes in recorded history have occurred in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, highlighting the importance of understanding decratonization and the orogen–craton–orogen cycle in Earth history. The Archaean North China (Sino-Korean) Craton (NCC) occupies about 1.7 10 km in northeastern China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea (Bai 1996; Bai & Dai 1996, 1998; Fig. 1). It is bounded by the Central China orogen (including the Qinling–Dabie Shan–Sulu belts) to the SW, and the Inner Monglia–Daxinganling orogenic belt (the Chinese part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt) on the north (Figs 1 and 2). The western boundary is more complex, where the Qilian Shan and Western Ordos thrust belts obscure any original continuity between the NCC and the Tarim Block. The location of the southeastern margin of the craton is currently under dispute (e.g. Oh & Kusky 2007), with uncertain correlations between the North and South China Cratons and different parts of the Korean Peninsula. The Yanshan belt is an intracontinental orogen that strikes east–west through the northern part of the craton (Davis et al. 1996; Bai & Dai 1998). The NCC includes several micro-blocks and these micro-blocks amalgamated to form a craton or cratons at or before 2.5 Ga (Geng 1998; Zhang 1998; Kusky et al. 2001, 2004, 2006; Li, J. H. et al. 2002; Kusky & Li 2003; Zhai 2004; Polat et al. 2005a, b, 2006), although others have suggested that the main amalgamation of the blocks did not occur until 1.8 Ga (Wu & Zhang 1998; Zhao et al. 2001a, 2005, 2006; Liu et al. 2004, 2006; Guo et al. 2005; Kroner et al. 2005a, b, 2006; Wan et al. 2006a, b; Zhang et al. 2006). Exposed rock types and their distribution in these micro-blocks vary considerably from block to block. All rocks .2.5 Ga in the blocks, without exception, underwent the 2.5 Ga metamorphism, and were intruded by 2.5–2.45 Ga granitic sills and related bodies. Nd TDM models show that the main crustal formation ages in the NCC are between 2.9 and 2.7 Ga (Chen & Jahn 1998; Wu et al. 2003a, b). Emplacement of mafic dyke swarms at 2.5–2.45 Ga has also been From: ZHAI, M.-G., WINDLEY, B. F., KUSKY, T. M. & MENG, Q. R. (eds) Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 280, 1–34. DOI: 10.1144/SP280.1 0305-8719/07/$15 # The Geological Society of London 2007.

System for use in displaying images of a body part

Abstract: A system for use during a medical or surgical procedure on a body. The system generates a display representing the position of two or more body elements during the procedure based on a reference image data set generated by a scanner. The system produces a reference image of a body elements, discriminates the body elements in the images and creates an image data set representing the images of the body elements. The system produces a density image of the body element. The system modifies the image data set according to the density image of the body element during the procedure, generates a displaced image data set representing the position and geometry of the body element during the procedure, and compares the density image of the body element during the procedure to the reference image of the body element. The system also includes a display utilizing the displaced image data set generated by the processor to illustrate the position and geometry of the body element during the procedure. Methods relating to the system are also disclosed.

Spectrum of CHD7 Mutations in 110 Individuals with CHARGE Syndrome and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation

Abstract: CHARGE syndrome is a well-established multiple-malformation syndrome with distinctive consensus diagnostic criteria. Characteristic associated anomalies include ocular coloboma, choanal atresia, cranial nerve defects, distinctive external and inner ear abnormalities, hearing loss, cardiovascular malformations, urogenital anomalies, and growth retardation. Recently, mutations of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein gene CHD7 were reported to be a major cause of CHARGE syndrome. We sequenced the CHD7 gene in 110 individuals who had received the clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, and we detected mutations in 64 (58%). Mutations were distributed throughout the coding exons and conserved splice sites of CHD7. Of the 64 mutations, 47 (73%) predicted premature truncation of the protein. These included nonsense and frameshift mutations, which most likely lead to haploinsufficiency. Phenotypically, the mutation-positive group was more likely to exhibit cardiovascular malformations (54 of 59 in the mutation-positive group vs. 30 of 42 in the mutation-negative group; P=.014), coloboma of the eye (55 of 62 in the mutation-positive group vs. 30 of 43 in the mutation-negative group; P=.022), and facial asymmetry, often caused by seventh cranial nerve abnormalities (36 of 56 in the mutation-positive group vs. 13 of 39 in the mutation-negative group; P=.004). Mouse embryo whole-mount and section in situ hybridization showed the expression of Chd7 in the outflow tract of the heart, optic vesicle, facio-acoustic preganglion complex, brain, olfactory pit, and mandibular component of the first branchial arch. Microarray gene-expression analysis showed a signature pattern of gene-expression differences that distinguished the individuals with CHARGE syndrome with CHD7 mutation from the controls. We conclude that cardiovascular malformations, coloboma, and facial asymmetry are common findings in CHARGE syndrome caused by CHD7 mutation.

Assessing the current validity of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory.

Abstract: The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is a widelyused instrument in measuring gender role perceptions.Recent concerns regarding the validity of the adjectiveshave arisen as changes in the roles of men and women have occurred in American society sincethe 1970's. A partial replication of the method that Bem(1974) used to validate the masculine and feminineadjectives comprising the instrument was conducted. All but two of the adjectives were validatedusing Bem's criteria. These findings suggest that theBSRI may still be a valid instrument for assessing genderroles. However, evidence was revealed that traditional masculine and feminine gender role perceptionsmay be weakening. Future validation of the BSRI iswarranted in light of these patterns.