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Showing papers by "Samsung published in 1998"


Patent
24 Jun 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a first home device capable of displaying user interface data is connected to a home network, and a second home device stores user interfaces that define a user interface for commanding and controlling the second home devices.
Abstract: A method and system for commanding and controlling diverse home devices. A first home device capable of displaying user interface data is connected to a home network. A second home device stores user interface data that defines a user interface for commanding and controlling the second home device, also connected to the home network. The first device receives the user interface data from the second device over the network. The first device then displays the user interface as defined by the data. The user interacts with the user interface displayed on the first device by a control device. User input is accepted from the user responsive to the interaction. Control and command information is sent from the first home device to the second home device in order to control the second device according to the user input. Since the user interface can be displayed from any device, a single control device may control a plurality of different devices without requiring any change in the mode of operation of the control device.

649 citations


Patent
Chang-Hum Lee1
23 Dec 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a battery monitoring system is proposed to determine the residual capacity of a battery in consideration of variation of battery temperature, amount of battery self-discharge, and amount of discharge from a host device, such as a portable computer.
Abstract: A battery monitoring system determines an accurate residual capacity of a battery in consideration of variation of battery temperature, amount of battery self-discharge, and amount of battery discharge from a host device, such as a portable computer. The monitoring system further determines a predicted remaining operating time of the device. The battery capacity measuring apparatus includes a microcontroller, a battery pack, a battery temperature detection circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, a load current detection circuit, and a power saving level detector. The microcontroller is coupled to a host device such that it indicates the battery residual capacity along with the remaining operating time of the device via a display. The microcontroller calculates the residual capacity of the battery based on the detected battery voltage and a correction is made to the calculated residual capacity according to the battery temperature signal and the load current signal, the corrected resultant residual capacity being fed to the host device so as to display the residual capacity of the battery. Also, the microcontroller calculates the remaining operating time of the device based on the detected load current and a correction is made thereto according to the set power saving level of the device, the resultant remaining operating time being fed to the host device so as to display the corrected remaining operating time of the device.

462 citations


Patent
15 Dec 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for forming a metal layer using an atomic layer deposition process was proposed, in which a sacrificial metal atomic layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate by reacting a precursor containing a metal with a reducing gas, and a metal atom is formed of metal atoms separated from a metal halide gas.
Abstract: A method for forming a metal layer using an atomic layer deposition process. A sacrificial metal atomic layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate by reacting a precursor containing a metal with a reducing gas, and a metal atomic layer is formed of metal atoms separated from a metal halide gas on a semiconductor substrate by reacting the sacrificial metal atomic layer with a metal halide gas. Also, a silicon atomic layer may be additionally formed on the metal atomic layer using a silicon source gas, to thereby alternately stack metal atomic layers and silicon layers. Thus, a metal layer or a metal silicide layer having excellent step coverage can be formed on the semiconductor substrate.

454 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A block-overlapped histogram equalization system for enhancing contrast of image sequences and has various applications such as video door phone, security video cameras, in addition to the original target video camcorders.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a block-overlapped histogram equalization system for enhancing contrast of image sequences. The proposed system has various applications such as video door phone, security video cameras, in addition to the original target video camcorders.

430 citations


Patent
24 Jun 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and system for generating a program guide for a home network having at least one multi-media device connected to the home network is presented, where the HTML page is stored in an accessible area on the first home device.
Abstract: A method and system for generating a program guide for a home network having at least one multi-media device connected thereto is provided. According to the method, multi-media material associated with a first home device is identified. An HTML page is generated, based on the identified multi-media material associated with the first home device. The HTML page is stored in an accessible area on the first home device. A second home device, which is browser based, may be connected to the home network to receive the HTML page and to render the HTML page, for display to a user.

397 citations


Patent
24 Jun 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and system for detecting, commanding and controlling diverse home devices currently connected to a home network is presented, where an interface is provided for accessing the home devices that are currently connected.
Abstract: A method and system is provided for detecting, commanding and controlling diverse home devices currently connected to a home network. An interface is provided for accessing the home devices that are currently connected to a home network. According to the method, a device link file is generated, wherein the device link file identifies home devices that are currently connected to the home network. A device link page is created, wherein the device link page contains a device button that is associated with each home device that is identified in the device link file. A hyper-text link is associated with each device button, wherein the hyper-text link provides a link to an HTML page that is contained on the home device that is associated with the device button, and the device link page is displayed on a browser based home device.

363 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper provides a general overview of several methods for generating membership functions for fuzzy pattern recognition applications based on heuristics, probability to possibility transformations, histograms, nearest neighbor techniques, feed-forward neural networks, clustering, and mixture decomposition.

331 citations


Patent
In-seon Park1, Yeong-kwan Kim1, Sang-In Lee1, Byung-hee Kim1, Sang-min Lee1, Chang-Soo Park1 
31 Jul 1998
TL;DR: In this article, the first dielectric layer, an electrically insulating layer, and an aluminum oxide buffer layer formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and stabilized by heat treatment at a temperature of less than about 600°C, are provided.
Abstract: Integrated circuit devices include a first dielectric layer, an electrically insulating layer on the first dielectric layer and an an aluminum oxide buffer layer formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and stabilized by heat treatment at a temperature of less than about 600° C., between the first dielectric layer and the electrically insulating layer. The first dielectric layer may comprise a high dielectric material such as a ferroelectric or paraelectric material. The electrically insulating layer may also comprise a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) and phosphosilicate glass (PSG). To provide a preferred integrated circuit capacitor, a substrate may be provided and an interlayer dielectric layer may be provided on the substrate. Here, a metal layer may also be provided between the interlayer dielectric layer and the first dielectric layer. The metal layer may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ru, Ir, and Pd.

259 citations


Patent
Hyeun-seog Leem1
27 Aug 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a method for forming an Al layer using an atomic layer deposition method is disclosed, in which a semiconductor substrate is loaded into a deposition chamber and an Al source gas is supplied into the deposition chamber.
Abstract: A method for forming an Al layer using an atomic layer deposition method is disclosed. First, a semiconductor substrate is loaded into a deposition chamber. Then, an Al source gas is supplied into the deposition chamber and the Al source gas is chemisorbed into the semiconductor substrate to form the Al layer. Next, a purge gas is supplied onto the deposition chamber without supplying the Al source gas so that the unreacted Al source gas is removed, thereby completing the Al layer. To form an Al layer to a required thickness, the step of supplying the Al source gas and the step of supplying the purge gas are repeatedly performed, thereby forming an Al atomic multilayer. Therefore, the uniformity and step coverage of the Al layer can be greatly improved.

239 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Aug 1998-Cancer
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of malignant lymphomas and the relative frequency in the Republic of Korea of lymphomas belonging to the newly described REAL (revised European‐American lymphoma) classification categories.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The clinicopathologic characteristics of malignant lymphomas vary according to geography. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of malignant lymphomas and the relative frequency in the Republic of Korea of lymphomas belonging to the newly described REAL (revised European-American lymphoma) classification categories. METHODS The Hematolymphoreticular Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists conducted a consensus-based morphologic review of a nationwide collection of 1548 malignant lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease (HD), diagnosed at 23 institutes over a recent 2-year period. Slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin or other immunohistochemical stains were reviewed. All cases were classified according to the histologic criteria proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group. Clinical data, including age, gender, and site of disease involvement, were reviewed. RESULTS The Republic of Korea had lower rates of HD and follicle center lymphoma and higher rates of extranodal lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and angiocentric lymphoma compared with Western countries. The most frequent subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified type, and angiocentric lymphoma, in decreasing order. Compared with a previous nationwide study, the rates for follicular lymphoma and NHL involving the stomach, orbit, and central nervous system were increased. The rate of T-cell NHL in the current study was much lower than that reported in a previous study for the Republic of Korea and was also lower than that reported for other Far East countries. For HD, the relative frequency of nodular sclerosis subtype was higher compared with that in the previous study, and lymphocyte predominance and lymphocyte depletion were lower. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence rates for various subtypes of malignant lymphoma in the Republic of Korea are distinct from those in Western countries and similar in many ways to those in other countries in the Far East. Compared with other Far East countries, the Republic of Korea has a higher rate of extranodal lymphoma, rare adult T-cell lymphoma, and a relatively low rate of T-cell lymphomas. It appears that over time there have been changes in the relative rates for follicular lymphoma, subtypes of Hodgkin's disease, and gastric and orbital lymphoma. The authors attribute these changes primarily to refined criteria for diagnosing new clinicopathologic entities. Cancer 1998;83:806-812. © 1998 American Cancer Society.

233 citations


Patent
Kang Sang Beom1, Sang-In Lee1
30 Sep 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a metal interconnection is fabricated in a contact hole of a semiconductor device to reduce the contact resistance and improve the step coverage of the interconnection, and an ALD (atomic layer deposition)-metal barrier layer is formed on the protective layer.
Abstract: A method and an apparatus of fabricating a metal interconnection in a contact hole of a semiconductor device reduces contact resistance and improves step coverage. A contact hole is opened in an interlayer insulating film formed on a semiconductor substrate. A conductive layer used as an ohmic contact layer is formed on the interlayer insulating film including the contact hole. An upper surface of the conductive layer is nitrided to form a protective layer. An ALD (atomic layer deposition)-metal barrier layer is formed on the protective layer. The resulting metal barrier layer has good step coverage and no impurities, and the protective layer prevents defects in the conductive layer caused by precursor impurities used during the formation of the metal barrier layer.

Patent
Hyeun-seog Leem1
19 Aug 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for forming a metal layer for an integrated circuit device includes forming a first conductive layer on a substrate, which can be an aluminum layer having a thickness in the range of approximately 500 to 1500 Angstroms.
Abstract: A method for forming a metal layer for an integrated circuit device includes forming a first conductive layer on an integrated circuit substrate. While forming the first conductive layer, a reflection index of the first conductive layer is monitored, and the formation of the first conductive layer is terminated when the reflection index of the first conductive layer reaches a predetermined value. More particularly, the first conductive layer can be an aluminum layer having a thickness in the range of approximately 500 Angstroms to 1500 Angstroms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel postprocessing technique, based on the theory of projections onto convex sets (POCS), to reduce the blocking artifacts in transform coded images, which yields significantly better performance than the conventional techniques in terms of objective quality, subjective quality, and convergence behavior.
Abstract: We propose a novel postprocessing technique, based on the theory of projections onto convex sets (POCS), to reduce the blocking artifacts in transform coded images. It is assumed, in our approach, that the original image is highly correlated. Thus, the global frequency characteristics in two adjacent blocks are similar to the local ones in each block. We consider the high-frequency components in the global characteristics of a decoded image, which are not found in the local ones, as the results from the blocking artifact. We employ an N-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) to obtain the local characteristics, and a 2N-point DCT to obtain the global ones, and then derive the relation between the N-point and 2N-point DCT coefficients. A careful comparison of the N-point with the 2N-point DCT coefficients makes it possible to detect the undesired high-frequency components, mainly caused by the blocking artifact. Then, we propose novel convex sets and their projection operators in the DCT domain. The performance of the proposed and conventional techniques are compared on the still images, decoded by JPEG. The results show that, regardless of the content of the input images, the proposed technique yields significantly better performance than the conventional techniques in terms of objective quality, subjective quality, and convergence behavior.

Patent
21 Jul 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a TV graphical user interface (GUI) in a satellite TV system enables users to create customized lists of TV channels, including daily, favorite and theme lists to combine TV channels being watched regularly, favorite TV channels and channels relating to particular subjects.
Abstract: A TV graphical user interface (GUI) in a satellite TV system enables users to create customized lists of TV channels. Everyday, favorite and theme lists may be generated to respectively combine TV channels being watched regularly, favorite TV channels and channels relating to particular subjects. An oval list name object is arranged on a screen to indicate the name of the currently selected list of TV channels. The users may click on the list name object to make their selection among various TV channel lists available in the TV system. In a channel changer mode, the TV GUI displays a graphical channel changer composed of channel boxes that show numbers and logos of TV channels in the currently selected list. To switch the TV set to a required TV channel, the user clickss on the graphical channel box that indicates the required channe. In a program guide mode, a list of TV programs may be provided based on the channel changer. Vertical program bars that display TV programs are aligned with the channel boxes indicating TV channels that carry the corresponding TV programs. To identify various TV channel lists available in the TV system, the oval list name object, as well as the channel boxes and program bars, are displayed in a color that represents a selected TV channel list.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new stabilizing receding horizon control, based on a finite input and state horizon cost with a finite terminal weighting matrix, is proposed for time-varying discrete linear systems with constraints.

Patent
08 Sep 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a method and device for noninvasive measurement of blood component concentrations utilizes pulsed polychromatic light source emitting, light in the near infrared range 800-1850 nm.
Abstract: A method and device for noninvasive measurement of blood component concentrations utilizes pulsed polychromatic light source emitting, light in the near infrared range 800-1850 nm. The light is back scattered from or transmitted through a part of a patient's body. Back scattered light from blood-containing tissues and blood vessels has information on blood component concentrations. That light is collected to avoid the surface reflection from the skin surface and to minimize the effects of changes in the scattering background. The concentrations of blood components are calculated from the spectral analysis based on selected wavelengths by a defined algorithm. A microprocessor calculates and determines the blood component concentrations by comparing a ratio with a calibration curve stored in a memory of the microprocessor. The calculated concentration values are displayed on a display.

Patent
24 Jun 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and system for commanding and controlling diverse home devices on a home network to perform a service is provided, where a software agent is executed on the client device to cause a user interface to be displayed on a client device.
Abstract: A method and system for commanding and controlling diverse home devices on a home network to perform a service is provided. According to the method, a client device that is capable of displaying a user interface is connected to a home network. A software agent is executed on the client device to cause a user interface to be displayed on the client device. First and second home devices connected to the home network are selected from the user interface, and control and command data are sent from the client device to the first and second home devices to cause these devices to communicate with each other to perform the service.

Patent
Chang-hwan Oh1
16 Oct 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiple language text-to-speech (TTS) system was proposed, which is capable of processing a text expressed in multiple languages, and a text to-speech processing method.
Abstract: A multiple language text-to-speech (TTS) processing apparatus capable of processing a text expressed in multiple languages, and a multiple language text-to-speech processing method. The multiple language text-to-speech processing apparatus includes a multiple language processing portion receiving multiple language text and dividing the input text into sub-texts according to language and a text-to-speech engine portion having a plurality of text-to-speech engines, one for each language, for converting the sub-texts divided by the multiple language processing portion into audio wave data. The processing apparatus also includes an audio processor for converting the audio wave data converted by the text-to-speech engine portion into an analog audio signal, and a speaker for converting the analog audio signal converted by the audio processor into sound and outputting the sound. Thus, the text expressed in multiple languages, which is common in dictionaries or the Internet, can be properly converted into sound.

Patent
Yung-Lyul Lee1, Hyun Wook Park1
09 Oct 1998
TL;DR: In this article, an image data post-processing method for reducing quantization effect induced when image data compressed based on a block is decoded, and an apparatus therefor is presented.
Abstract: An image data post-processing method for reducing quantization effect induced when image data compressed based on a block is decoded, and an apparatus therefor. The image data post-processing method includes the steps of: (a) detecting semaphore representing whether or not post-processing is required, using distribution of inverse quantization coefficients of inverse-quantized image data and a motion vector representing the difference between the blocks of a previous video object plane (VOP) and blocks of a current VOP; and (b) filtering the decoded image data corresponding to the semaphore by a predetermined method, if it is determined by checking the detected semaphore that post-processing is required. Therefore, the quantization effect can be reduced by using the semaphore and an adaptive filter, and the amount of computation for filtering is also reduced. Also, the complexity of the hardware is reduced by a parallel process without multiplication and division.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes a graphical design technique based on the frequency domain analysis of linear interval systems that results in a repetitive controller that will maintain system stability against all admissible plant uncertainties.
Abstract: Disturbances acting on the track-following servo system of an optical disk drive inherently contain significant periodic components that cause tracking errors of a periodic nature. Such disturbances can be effectively rejected by employing a repetitive controller, which must be implemented carefully in consideration of system stability. Plant uncertainty makes it difficult to design a repetitive controller that will improve tracking performance yet preserve system stability. In this paper, we examine the problem of designing a repetitive controller for an optical disk drive track-following servo system with uncertain plant coefficients. We propose a graphical design technique based on the frequency domain analysis of linear interval systems. This design method results in a repetitive controller that will maintain system stability against all admissible plant uncertainties. We show simulation and experimental results to verify the validity of the proposed design method.

Patent
Bronson S James1, Hiep X. Nguyen1
21 Dec 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for mounting antennas on a utility pole is described, which consists of a group of brackets that encircle the utility pole and support the antennas, each bracket comprises at least one support arm capable of attaching to an antenna and a faceplate that presses against the surface of the utility poles.
Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for mounting antennas on a utility pole. The apparatus comprises a group of brackets that encircle the utility pole and support the antennas. Each bracket comprises at least one support arm capable of attaching to an antenna and a faceplate that presses against the surface of the utility pole. The apparatus also includes tightening or closure means, such as nut and bolt assemblies, that connect the brackets together. When tightened, the tightening means draw the brackets encircling the utility pole closer together, thereby pressing the faceplates of each bracket more firmly against the utility pole. This clamps the apparatus tightly in place at selected points on the utility pole.

Patent
28 Dec 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a chip scale package (CSP) is manufactured at wafer-level, which includes a chip, a conductor layer for redistribution of the chip pads, one or two insulation layers and multiple bumps which are interconnected to respective chip pads by the conductor layer and are the terminals of the CSP.
Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a chip scale package (CSP) is manufactured at wafer-level. The CSP includes a chip, a conductor layer for redistribution of the chip pads of the chip, one or two insulation layers and multiple bumps, which are interconnected to respective chip pads by the conductor layer and are the terminals of the CSP. In addition, in order to improve the reliability of the CSP, a reinforcing layer, an edge protection layer and a chip protection layer is provided. The reinforcing layer absorbs stress applied to the bumps when the CSP are mounted on a circuit board and used for an extended period, and extends the life of the bumps, and thus, the life of the CSP. The edge protection layer and the chip protection layer prevent external force from damaging the CSP. After forming all elements constituting the CSP on the semiconductor wafer, the semiconductor wafer is sawed to produce individual CSPs.

Patent
Hee-Jong Lee1
20 Apr 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a camera is mounted on a camera supporter to rotate the camera around a first axis and the axis perpendicular to the first axis, with holes and sensors for detecting the rotational limit of the camera in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically tracking an object is provided. The apparatus for performing the method includes a camera having a zoom lens, an automatic focus lens, and a charge coupled device for converting an image of an object input via the lens into electrical signals. The camera is mounted on a camera supporter to rotate the camera around a first axis and the axis perpendicular to the first axis. The supporter includes holes and sensors for detecting the rotational limit of the camera in the horizontal and vertical directions. A pan/tilt controller detects a motion vector of the object, and controls the camera to move in the direction and degree corresponding to the detected motion vector. A zoom focus controller performs a zooming operation to expand an object search region of the camera whenever the camera reaches the limit of the rotational range in at least one direction, and adjusts an automatic focusing lens. A system controller connected to the pan/tilt controller and zoom/focus controller initializes a camera in order to automatically track a moving object and controls the operations sequence of each functional block.

Patent
Yung-Iyul Lee1, HyunWook Park1
18 Jun 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a signal adaptive filtering method for reducing blocking effect and ringing noise is proposed, which is capable of filtering the image data through inverse quantization and inverse discrete cosine transform according to generated blocking information and ringing information.
Abstract: A signal adaptive filtering method for reducing blocking effect and ringing noise, a signal adaptive filter, and a computer readable medium. The signal adaptive filtering method capable of reducing blocking effect and ringing noise of image data when a frame is composed of blocks of a predetermined size includes the steps of: (a) generating blocking information for reducing the blocking effect and ringing information for reducing the ringing noise, from coefficients of predetermined pixels of the upper and left boundary regions of the data block when a frame obtained by deconstructing a bitstream image data for inverse quantization is an intraframe; and (b) adaptively filtering the image data passed through inverse quantization and inverse discrete cosine transform according to the generated blocking information and ringing information. Therefore, the blocking effect and ringing noise can be eliminated from the image restored from the block-based image, thereby enhancing the image restored from compression.

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Jun 1998-Science
TL;DR: Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors were achieved by intercalating a long-chain organic compound into bismuth-based high-Tc cuprates and the superconducting transition temperature of the intercalate was nearly the same as that of the pristine material, suggesting the 2D nature of the high- Tc superconductivity.
Abstract: The free modulation of interlayer distance in a layered high–transition temperature (high-Tc) superconductor is of crucial importance not only for the study of the superconducting mechanism but also for the practical application of high-Tc superconducting materials Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors were achieved by intercalating a long-chain organic compound into bismuth-based high-Tc cuprates Although the intercalation of the organic chain increased the interlayer distance remarkably, to tens of angstroms, the superconducting transition temperature of the intercalate was nearly the same as that of the pristine material, suggesting the 2D nature of the high-Tcsuperconductivity

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the challenges brought from the extremely small minimum feature, high performance, and simple wafer processing are discussed and solutions to overcome the challenges are described focusing on the memory cell scheme, lithography, device, memory cell capacitor, and metallization.
Abstract: Many challenges emerge as the DRAM enters into a generation of the gigabit density era. Most of the challenges come from the shrink technology which scales down minimum feature size by a factor of 0.84 per year. The need for higher performance to narrow the bandwidth mismatch between fast processors and slower memories and lower power consumption drives the DRAM technology toward smaller cell size, faster memory cell operation, less power consumption, and longer data retention times. In addition, increasingly complicated wafer processing requires simple process. In this paper, the challenges brought from the extremely small minimum feature, high performance, and simple wafer processing will be discussed. The solutions to overcome the challenges will be described focusing on the memory cell scheme, lithography, device, memory cell capacitor, and metallization.

Patent
Do Soo Jeong1, Kyung Seob Kim1
19 May 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, a tie bar for supporting the die pad has a downward bend effecting a downward vertical displacement from a die pad, and has a laterally spaced apart upward bend, which is integral with a plurality of inner leads.
Abstract: A semiconductor device package includes a die pad to which a semiconductor chip is vertically attached, having a smaller horizontal size than a horizontal size of the semiconductor chip. The package includes a plurality of inner leads which are electrically connected to the semiconductor chip, a plurality of outer leads each of which is integral with a respective one of the plurality of inner leads, a tie bar, and a package body for encapsulating the semiconductor chip, the die pad, and the plurality of inner leads. The tie bar for supporting the die pad has a downward bend effecting a downward vertical displacement from the die pad, and has a laterally spaced apart upward bend effecting an upward vertical displacement from the die pad. This package prevents imperfect encapsulation and resulting problems such as cracking of the package, and reduces damage to the die pad, such as warping of the die pad.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper generalizes relations between clean and noisy speech signal using vector Taylor series (VTS) expansion for noise-robust speech recognition and develops a detailed procedure to estimate environmental variables in the cepstral domain using the expectation and maximization algorithms based on the maximum likelihood (ML) sense.

Patent
Kwan-Hwi Cho1, Kim Nam Mi1
13 Oct 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the main body and a battery are mounted in a rotatable fashion around a main body, and a communication device mounting part for mounting the communication device on a part formed by the battery.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable computer on which a communication device can be mounted. Its object lies in maintaining the communication device more conveniently when the portable computer is in use by mounting the communication device on the portable computer. The latter comprises a main body and a battery mounted in rotatable fashion, centering around the main body, and a communication device mounting part for mounting the communication device on a part formed by the main body and the battery.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the optimum conditions of pulse electrodeposition are 100 ms on-time and 300 ms off-time, and the performance of the electrode is 320 mA cm −2 at 0.7 V.