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Institution

San Diego State University

EducationSan Diego, California, United States
About: San Diego State University is a education organization based out in San Diego, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 12418 authors who have published 27950 publications receiving 1192375 citations. The organization is also known as: SDSU & San Diego State College.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existing evidence on thirdhand smoke (THS) provides strong support for pursuing a programmatic research agenda to close gaps in current understanding of the chemistry, exposure, toxicology, and health effects of THS, as well as its behavioral, economic, and sociocultural considerations and consequences.
Abstract: Background: There is broad consensus regarding the health impact of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure, yet considerable ambiguity exists about the nature and consequences of thirdhand smoke (THS). Objectives: We introduce definitions of THS and THS exposure and review recent findings about constituents, indoor sorption–desorption dynamics, and transformations of THS; distribution and persistence of THS in residential settings; implications for pathways of exposure; potential clinical significance and health effects; and behavioral and policy issues that affect and are affected by THS. Discussion: Physical and chemical transformations of tobacco smoke pollutants take place over time scales ranging from seconds to months and include the creation of secondary pollutants that in some cases are more toxic (e.g., tobacco-specific nitrosamines). THS persists in real-world residential settings in the air, dust, and surfaces and is associated with elevated levels of nicotine on hands and cotinine in urine of nonsmokers residing in homes previously occupied by smokers. Much still needs to be learned about the chemistry, exposure, toxicology, health risks, and policy implications of THS. Conclusion: The existing evidence on THS provides strong support for pursuing a programmatic research agenda to close gaps in our current understanding of the chemistry, exposure, toxicology, and health effects of THS, as well as its behavioral, economic, and sociocultural considerations and consequences. Such a research agenda is necessary to illuminate the role of THS in existing and future tobacco control efforts to decrease smoking initiation and smoking levels, to increase cessation attempts and sustained cessation, and to reduce the cumulative effects of tobacco use on morbidity and mortality.

375 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conceptual differences between mediators and moderators are summarized and the statistical analysis of moderators and mediators in multiple regression is briefly described and two examples are presented.
Abstract: Mediators and moderators are variables that affect the association between an independent variable and an outcome variable. Mediators provide additional information about how or why two variables are strongly associated. In contrast, moderators explain the circumstances that cause a weak or ambiguous association between two variables that were expected to have a strong relationship. Mediators and moderators are often overlooked in research designs, or the terms are used incorrectly. This article summarizes the conceptual differences between mediators and moderators. The statistical analysis of moderators and mediators in multiple regression is briefly described and two examples are presented.

374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Dec 2013-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Quantification and mapping of the cumulative impact of 22 drivers to 17 marine ecosystems reveals that 20% of the entire basin and 60–99%" of the territorial waters of EU member states are heavily impacted, with high human impact occurring in all ecoregions and territorial waters.
Abstract: Management of marine ecosystems requires spatial information on current impacts. In several marine regions, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea, legal mandates and agreements to implement ecosystem-based management and spatial plans provide new opportunities to balance uses and protection of marine ecosystems. Analyses of the intensity and distribution of cumulative impacts of human activities directly connected to the ecological goals of these policy efforts are critically needed. Quantification and mapping of the cumulative impact of 22 drivers to 17 marine ecosystems reveals that 20% of the entire basin and 60–99% of the territorial waters of EU member states are heavily impacted, with high human impact occurring in all ecoregions and territorial waters. Less than 1% of these regions are relatively unaffected. This high impact results from multiple drivers, rather than one individual use or stressor, with climatic drivers (increasing temperature and UV, and acidification), demersal fishing, ship traffic, and, in coastal areas, pollution from land accounting for a majority of cumulative impacts. These results show that coordinated management of key areas and activities could significantly improve the condition of these marine ecosystems.

374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Having access to trails is an important environmental feature among low-SES communities and should be the focus of future community-based PA interventions.
Abstract: Background: Environmental factors may play an important role on influencing physical activity (PA) behaviors.Purpose: Perceptions of access and safety for PA were compared among residents who were stratified as low or high in socioeconomic status (SES).Methods: Residents of a U.S. southeastern county (N = 1,194, 18–96 years of age) were contacted using a random-digit-dial method and asked about neighborhood and community environmental supports for PA. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to identify trails, sidewalks, public recreation facilities, and violent crime incidents.Results: A cluster analysis identified 10 census tracts as low SES and 11 census tracts as high SES (median household income, owner-occupied houses). More African Americans (66.5%) than Whites (33.5%) were classified as living in low-SES areas. Respondents from low-SES areas also reported engaging in less PA based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine recommendations than respondents from high-SES areas (p < .05). Respondents from low-SES (vs. high-SES) areas reported higher perceptions of neighborhood crime, unattended dogs, unpleasantness of neighborhoods, untrustworthy neighbors, and less access to public recreation facilities (ps < .05). GIS data for presence of sidewalks, recreation facilities, and crime did not support these differences in perceptions; however, respondents from low-SES (vs. high-SES) areas had substantially fewer trails. Having and using trails in one’s community predicted sufficient PA and walking for 150 min/week for low-SES respondents but not for high SES respondents (ps = .05, adjusted for covariates).Conclusions: Having access to trails is an important environmental feature among low-SES communities and should be the focus of future community-based PA interventions.

374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The final catalog of eclipsing binary systems within the 105 deg^2 Kepler field of view is presented in this paper, where the authors identify several classes of systems including those that exhibit tertiary eclipse events, systems that show clear evidence of additional bodies, heartbeat systems, and systems exhibiting only one eclipse event over the duration of the mission.
Abstract: The primary Kepler Mission provided nearly continuous monitoring of ~200,000 objects with unprecedented photometric precision. We present the final catalog of eclipsing binary systems within the 105 deg^2 Kepler field of view. This release incorporates the full extent of the data from the primary mission (Q0-Q17 Data Release). As a result, new systems have been added, additional false positives have been removed, ephemerides and principal parameters have been recomputed, classifications have been revised to rely on analytical models, and eclipse timing variations have been computed for each system. We identify several classes of systems including those that exhibit tertiary eclipse events, systems that show clear evidence of additional bodies, heartbeat systems, systems with changing eclipse depths, and systems exhibiting only one eclipse event over the duration of the mission. We have updated the period and galactic latitude distribution diagrams and included a catalog completeness evaluation. The total number of identified eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems in the Kepler field of view has increased to 2878, 1.3% of all observed Kepler targets. An online version of this catalog with downloadable content and visualization tools is maintained athttp://keplerEBs.villanova.edu.

373 citations


Authors

Showing all 12533 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
David R. Williams1782034138789
James F. Sallis169825144836
Steven Williams144137586712
Larry R. Squire14347285306
Murray B. Stein12874589513
Robert Edwards12177574552
Roberto Kolter12031552942
Jack E. Dixon11540847201
Sonia Ancoli-Israel11552046045
John D. Lambris11465148203
Igor Grant11379155147
Kenneth H. Nealson10848351100
Mark Westoby10831659095
Eric Courchesne10724041200
Marc A. Schuckit10664343484
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202345
2022168
20211,595
20201,535
20191,454
20181,262