San Diego State University

About: San Diego State University is a education organization based out in San Diego, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 12418 authors who have published 27950 publications receiving 1192375 citations. The organization is also known as: SDSU & San Diego State College.

Hylid frog phylogeny and sampling strategies for speciose clades

Abstract: How should characters and taxa be sampled to resolve efficiently the phylogeny of ancient and highly speciose groups? We addressed this question empirically in the treefrog family Hylidae, which contains > 800 species and may be nonmonophyletic with respect to other anuran families We sampled 81 species (54 hylids and 27 outgroups) for two mitochondrial genes (12S, ND1), two nuclear genes (POMC, c-myc), and morphology (144 characters) in an attempt to resolve higher-level relationships We then added 117 taxa to the combined data set, many of which were sampled for only one gene (12S) Despite the relative incompleteness of the majority of taxa, the resulting trees placed all taxa in the expected higher-level clades with strong support, despite some taxa being > 90% incomplete Furthermore, we found no relationship between the completeness of a taxon and the support (parsimony bootstrap or Bayesian posterior probabilities) for its localized placement on the tree Separate analysis of the data set with the most taxa (12S) gives a somewhat problematic estimate of higher-level relationships, suggesting that data sets scored only for some taxa (ND1, nuclear genes, morphology) are important in determining the outcome of the combined analysis The results show that hemiphractine hylids are not closely related to other hylids and should be recognized as a distinct family They also show that the speciose genus Hyla is polyphyletic, but that its species can be arranged into three monophyletic genera A new classification of hylid frogs is proposed Several potentially misleading signals in the morphological data are discussed

Autophagy in Ischemic Heart Disease

Abstract: Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway by which mammalian cells degrade and recycle macromolecules and organelles. It plays a critical role in removing protein aggregates, as well as damaged or excess organelles, to maintain intracellular homeostasis and to keep the cell healthy. In the heart, autophagy occurs at low levels under normal conditions, and defects in this process cause cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. However, this pathway is rapidly upregulated under environmental stress conditions, including ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Although autophagy is enhanced in various pathophysiological conditions, such as during ischemia and reperfusion, the functional role of increased autophagy is not clear and is currently under intense investigation. In this review, we discuss the evidence for autophagy in the heart in response to ischemia and reperfusion, identify factors that regulate autophagy, and analyze the potential roles autophagy might play in cardiac cells.

Evaluation of comprehensive treatment models for individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

Abstract: Multiple dimensions of comprehensive treatment models (CTMs) for learners with autism were evaluated in this study. The purpose of the study was to provide evaluative information upon which service providers, family members, and researchers could make decisions about model adoption, selection for a family member, or future research. Thirty CTMs were identified, with the majority based on an applied behavior analysis framework, although a substantial minority followed a developmental or relationship-based model. As a group, CTMs were strongest in the operationalization of their models, although relatively weaker in measurement of implementation, and with notable exceptions, weak in evidence of efficacy.