Showing papers by "San Francisco State University published in 1969"
TL;DR: Tarsal organs are found only in tele-metacarpal deer (Odocoileinae); that is, in the New World genera Odocoileus, Blastocerus and Mazama, and in the Holarctic genera Alces and Rangifer2.
Abstract: THE tarsal organ of deer of the genus Odocoileus is located, medially on the ankle (Fig. 1) and consists of sebaceous and apocrine sudoriferous glands as well as greatly enlarged arrector pili smooth muscle bundles1, which effect the erection of a long tuft of bright, stiff hairs. The hairs in the centre of the tuft are covered with a lipid film carrying the scent. The glands and urine are the possible sources of the tarsal scent. Tarsal organs are found only in tele-metacarpal deer (Odocoileinae); that is, in the New World genera Odocoileus, Blastocerus and Mazama, and in the Holarctic genera Alces and Rangifer2.
101 citations
TL;DR: Study of the visual Illusion known as the Pulfrich phenomenon with random dot stereo movies confirms that the filtering of one eye in effect introduces a delay in the system for that eye, which is the probable cause of the illusion.
Abstract: Study of the visual Illusion known as the Pulfrich phenomenon with random dot stereo movies confirms that the filtering of one eye in effect introduces a delay in the system for that eye, which is the probable cause of the illusion. Other features of the illusion suggest that the considerable inertia in the stereoscopic depth process leads to the averaging of several successive frames in each eye.
68 citations
TL;DR: The interference of incongruous attribute names on attribute identification was studied with two different attributes, color and direction, and with two modes of identifying response, verbal and nonverbal.
Abstract: The interference of incongruous attribute names on attribute identification was studied with two different attributes, color and direction, and with two modes of identifying response, verbaland nonverbal. Nonverbal responses made for less interference under all conditions. Semantic proximity produced more interference with color than with direction. Interference in this sort of task may reflect characteristic ways in which incoming attribute information is processed.
60 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between punitive sanctions directed at offenders and public sentiments about appropriate penalties are investigated in this article, where the most visible and coercive offenses received the most severe penalty choices and these are crimes which are severely punished in the state.
Abstract: The relationships between punitive sanctions directed at offenders and public sentiments about appropriate penalties are in need of investigation. Previous studies dealing with this subj ect are noted. This paper reports on an investigation in California in which citizens indicated the degree of punishment they felt to be appropriate for 20 different crimes. The most visible and coercive offenses received the most severe penalty choices and these are crimes which are severely punished in the state. However, some discrepancies between citizen preferences and penalties currently imposed were also observed.
54 citations
TL;DR: Hemoglobin concentration was increased by low oxygen, high carbon monoxide, or by addition of ferric EDTA, tryptophan, cysteine or inositol to the culture medium to give rise to ten phenotypes: no detectable hemoglobin, all three, any one, or any combination of two hemoglobins.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, some generalizations are offered about a dockworker subculture and the conditions that create it, based primarily on written sources, though the author has conducted interviews in San Francisco and Karachi.
Abstract: Following a few introductory comments on the concept ‘subculture’ and the likelihood of universally similar responses to the industrialization experience, some generalizations are offered here about a dockworker subculture and the conditions that create it. The generalizations are in the form of propositions, not operational hypotheses—certainly not verified generalizations. They are based primarily on written sources, though the author has conducted interviews in San Francisco and Karachi. In conclusion the problems involved in making this type of cross-culture, cross-time proposition into a verifiable hypothesis are briefly suggested.
44 citations
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental analysis of the effect of mediation on social perception in the negotiation situation, specifically its effect on the perceived resistance to yielding of the opposing negotiator is presented.
Abstract: Several writers (e.g., Douglas, 1962; Jackson, 1952; Peters, 1952; Stevens, 1963) suggest that when negotiations between parties to a dispute have broken down, a mediator can contribute to the achievement of a peaceful settlement. Even though it is frequently argued that the need for mediation is increasing because of the growth in number and seriousness of social conflicts, evidence concerning the contribution of the mediator has remained anecdotal and controversial. The study reported here was an experimental analysis of the effect of mediation on social perception in the negotiation situation, specifically its effect on the perceived resistance to yielding of the opposing negotiator. No attempt was made, however, to discover whether mediation produces more effective or morefrequent settlements. Since mediation functions only within the context of negotiation, it is necessary first to present this context in a systematic manner. Suppose individuals A and B each desire goods and/or services controlled by the other, and suppose there are no established rates or terms of exchange; then terms must be achieved before each party can consummate his desire. Consummation requires agreement on qualitative, quantitative, and
34 citations
TL;DR: A study of the extractives of the three species of the genus Ptelea (Rutaceae) has yielded typically rutaceous coumarins and furoquinoline alkaloid alkaloids.
30 citations
TL;DR: The findings support Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent Ss are socially compliant and the Barron Independence of Judgment Scale significantly differentiated between field- dependent and field-independent Ss.
Abstract: To test Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent individuals are socially compliant, 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss were selected on the basis of their performance on the Thurstone Embedded-figures Test and the Rod-and-frame Test (RFT). Each field-dependent S was then paired with a field-independent S and asked to cooperate in setting the rod to true vertical in the RFT. The obtained mean displacement from true vertical of the pair working together was in every case in the direction of greater field independence than the mean of the scores for the two individuals working alone (p < .001, sign test). However, a posttest indicated that the RFT conformity of field-dependent Ss was confined to the paired situation. The Barron Independence of Judgment Scale significantly differentiated between field-dependent and field-independent Ss. The findings support Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent Ss are socially compliant.
30 citations
01 Oct 1969-Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that small variations in circle sizes are not visually perceived by the map reader, and they suggest that the traditionally popular method of comparing and presenting quantitative data by using the graduated circle should be modified.
Abstract: The circle has many of the qualities of a first-rate map symbol and is an excellent means of representing quantitative data. Nevertheless, the circle does have some deficiencies because small variations in circle sizes are not visually perceived by the map reader. Results of experimentation suggest that the traditionally popular method of comparing and presenting quantitative data by using the graduated circle should be modified. Graduating circles by means of an experimentally derived key constitutes a definite improvement in the accuracy with which quantitative data are portrayed and hence the effectiveness and utility of the circle as an effective map symbol. Le cercle possede un grand nombre des qualites d'un symbole cartographique de choix, et il est un excellent moyen de representer des donnees quantitatives. II presente cependant certains desavantages du fait que les faibles variations de la dimension des cercles ne sont pas evidentes aux yeux du lecteur. Les experiences effectuees suggerent qu'il ...
TL;DR: Although the conceptual models developed by a number of leading psychological and sociological theorists are relevant to understanding traditional educational processes, no one of them seems adequate to the major contemporary task of forecasting alternative innovative educational systems.
Abstract: Although the conceptual models developed by a number of leading psychological and sociological theorists are relevant to understanding traditional educational processes, no one of them seems adequate to the major contemporary task of forecasting alternative innovative educational systems. Current theorizing about education is especially deficient with regard to &dquo;experiential&dquo; learning involving the whole person, in contrast to &dquo;cognitive&dquo; learning of stored knowledge and select problem-solving skills. Consequently, as a point of departure,
TL;DR: The following species of Gastroboletus are described as new: G. subalpinus, G. xerocomoides, T. imbellus, and G. amyloideus are found in the western portion of the United States.
Abstract: The following species ofGastroboletus are described as new:G. subalpinus, G. xerocomoides, G. suilloides, G. imbellus, andG. amyloideus. All of these species have been found in the western portion of the United States. Comments on two previously known species from this region are included. Brief statements are also presented on the possible origin and evolution of this taxon of fungi
TL;DR: In this paper, four new highly substituted xanthones have been isolated from the extracts of Polygala macradenia Gray (Polygalaceae) and assigned structures of 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxy-7-hydroxyxanthone (3), 1, 2,3-4,6,7-hexamethoxyxanthones (7), 1-methoxy 2.3,6.7-dimethylenedioxy xanthone(2.3), and 1.2-3-tr
TL;DR: This paper found that those adults with strong feelings of power lessness will fail to learn control-relevant information and will be more motivated to listen to and read content which may increase their competence in a current situation.
Abstract: Adults bring attitudes with them into the learning situation that markedly affect their ability to learn or their motivation. Recent research indicates that those adults with strong feelings of power lessness will fail to learn control-relevant information. Adults will be more motivated to listen to and to read content which may increase their competence in a current situation. If a strong need conflicts with information given, the information will not be learned. If sufficient rationalizations have been built to defend certain behavior, educational programs to change the behavior will be ineffective. As an adult assumes a new role, he goes through stages of vacillation between the old role and the new, overlearn ing behavior appropriate to the new role and integration of the new role into other roles. The adult's attitude toward role-relevant learning will depend upon his current stage of role mastery.
TL;DR: Relationships between articulation and other variables, including auditory abilities and memory, were examined through correlational techniques.
Abstract: Relationships between articulation and other variables, including auditory abilities and memory, were examined through correlational techniques. Subjects were 47 native-born monolingual college stu...
TL;DR: The results show that students in a small-sized group performed significantly higher (P .05) when compared with individuals in the middle-sizedGroup; and students in the medium-sized Group scored higher, but not significantly so (P > .05), than subjects in the large-sized groups.
Abstract: This study inquires into the effects of class sizes of approximately 15, 37, and 60 students on the learning of a motor task (as measured by the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test) by college students during a nine-week period meeting twice a week. The primary independent variable was the size of the classes. The results show that: (a) students in a small-sized group performed significantly higher (P .05) when compared with individuals in the middle-sized group; and (c) students in the medium-sized group scored higher, but not significantly so (P > .05), than subjects in the large-sized group.
TL;DR: The present findings show that the ontogenetic course of sex differences in perceptual responses follows a zigzagging and overlapping pattern rather than a unidirectional path, and data obtained from adult subjects may offer no valid clues with regard to the existence or direction ofsex differences at younger age levels.
TL;DR: Osthol, imperatorin, isoimperatorin and marmesin have been isolated from Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt.) Hook as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: It was found that brain extracts may contain both treatment-specific and general facilitating factors in rats, and that recipients trained to the discrimination identical to that of their donors made more errors than all other recipients.
Abstract: Extract was collected from the brains of 18 discrimination-trained or handled-only rats (donors), and injected intracisternally into an equal number of naive rats (recipients). Mann-Whitney U tests showed no error-to-criterion differences between donors and recipients as a whole, but recipients of extract from handled-only donors made fewer errors than all other recipients (p <.025), whereas recipients trained to the discrimination identical to that of their donors made more errors than all other recipients (p <.01). Latencies and errors of recipients showed a significant negative correlation (r = −.46, p <.05). The major conclusion was that brain extracts may contain both treatment-specific and general facilitating factors.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a theory sketch that views arms control as an aspect of the integration of political organizations, which is the consequence of a process of political transactions among principal political actors over time.
Abstract: Nominally, the English became a nation in the eighth century but did not achieve political integration until the seventeenth century, a thousand years later. During the millennium, the English “nation” was the scene of recurring internal wars, the last ending with the acceptance of the Bill of Rights by William III and Mary in 1688. What was the process leading to cessation in the use of armed conflict as a technique of domestic politics in England?Nominally, Mexico was an independent nation in 1821 but did not see the end of its internal wars until the 1940's. What political process led to domestic “arms control” in Mexico?Although taking place in different centuries and in nations with distinct political cultures, were there common elements in the two transitions to internal arms control? What were critical factors in the integrative process? May the same factors, or analogous ones, be identified and controlled in contemporary efforts related to regional and international arms control? What may be learned from the English, the Mexican, and other national cases that is generalizable to the problem of international political integration and arms control?The present theory sketch views arms control as an aspect of the integration of political organizations. Political integration, in turn, is the consequence of a process of political transactions among principal political actors over time.
TL;DR: An IBM 7094 digital computer is used to solve a small load-flow problem by an iterative nodal technique and the same flow problem is solved using a simplified loop method approach.
Abstract: An IBM 7094 digital computer is used to solve a small load-flow problem by an iterative nodal technique. Using an IBM 1620 computer the same flow problem is solved using a simplified loop method approach. From comparison of these results, the simplified method appears acceptable for small single-loop systems not requiring greater than 7-percent accuracy.