Showing papers by "San Francisco State University published in 1999"

Working for America: Does Public Service Motivation Make a Difference?

Abstract: Considerable research has asked whether public sector employees have different values and respond to different incen tives than private sector employees Recently, Jim Perry developed a scale design...

The Myth of Conventional Implicature

Abstract: Depuis la distinction que fit Grice entre le dit et l'implicature, on considere generalement que le premier est du ressort de la semantique, tandis que le second appartient au domaine de la pragmatique. Cependant, dans cette distinction, l'implicature conventionnelle pose probleme, derivant plutot du sens d'expressions particulieres que des circonstances conversationnelles. L'A. veut demontrer la non-existence des implicatures conventionnelles

Trophic rank and the species-area relationship

Abstract: We acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (to R. D. Holt and G. A. Polis), and by the National Environmental Research Council (R. D. Holt, J. H. Lawton, and N. D. Martinez). R. D. Holt and N. D. Martinez thank the NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, for support and hospitality. We have profited from conversations on this and related topics with many scientists, and wish to thank in particular P. A. Abrams, W. B. Anderson, J. Bengtsson, W. J. O’Brien, Jr., M. Rosenzweig, T. Schoener, T. Tscharntke, and J. Wright.

The Lick Planet Search: Detectability and Mass Thresholds

Abstract: We present an analysis of 11 yr of precision radial velocity measurements of 76 nearby solar-type stars from the Lick radial velocity survey. For each star, we report on variability, periodicity, and long-term velocity trends. Our sample of stars contains eight known companions with mass less than 8 (M p sin i) Jupiter masses six of which were discovered at Lick. For the remaining stars, we place upper limits (M J ), on the companion mass as a function of orbital period. For most stars, we can exclude companions with velocity amplitude m s~1 at the 99% level, or for orbital radii K Z 20 M p sin i Z 0.7M J (a/AU)1@2 a ( 5 AU. We examine the implications of our results for the observed distribution of mass and orbital radius of companions. We show that the combination of intrinsic stellar variability and measurement errors most likely explains why all con—rmed companions so far have m s~1. The —nite duration of the K Z 40 observations limits detection of Jupiter-mass companions to AU. Thus it remains possible that the a ( 3 majority of solar-type stars harbor Jupiter-mass companions much like our own, and if so these com- panions should be detectable in a few years. It is striking that more massive companions with are rare at orbital radii 4¨6 AU; we could have detected such objects in D90% of stars, M p sin i ( 3M J yet found none. The observed companions show a ii piling-up ˇˇ toward small orbital radii, and there is a paucity of con—rmed and candidate companions with orbital radii between D0.2 and D1 AU. The small number of con—rmed companions means that we are not able to rule out selection eUects as the cause of these features. We show that the traditional method for detecting periodicities, the Lomb-Scargle perio- dogram, fails to account for statistical —uctuations in the mean of a sampled sinusoid, making it non- robust when the number of observations is small, the sampling is uneven, or for periods comparable to or greater than the duration of the observations. We adopt a ii —oating-mean ˇˇ periodogram, in which the zero point of the sinusoid is allowed to vary during the —t. We discuss in detail the normalization of the periodogram and the probability distribution of periodogram powers. We stress that the three diUer- ent prescriptions in the literature for normalizing the periodogram are statistically equivalent and that it is not possible to write a simple analytic form for the false alarm probability, making Monte Carlo methods essential. Subject headings: binaries: spectroscopicmethods: statisticalplanetary systems

Culture and self: An empirical assessment of Markus and Kitayama’s theory of independent and interdependent self‐construals

Abstract: In this paper, I critically evaluate the logic underlying Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals, and examine the evidence that directly tests its major assumptions. On the basis of my review of the studies they cite, and literature from three other sources, I conclude that the evidence severely challenges the validity of their theoretical framework for explaining observed national differences in psychological phenomena. I offer some ideas about alternative methodologies for research in this important area of psychology that may aid in developing and testing theories of culture and self in the future.

Does automation bias decision-making?

Abstract: Computerized system monitors and decision aids are increasingly common additions to critical decision-making contexts such as intensive care units, nuclear power plants and aircraft cockpits. These aids are introduced with the ubiquitous goal of “reducing human error”. The present study compared error rates in a simulated flight task with and without a computer that monitored system states and made decision recommendations. Participants in non-automated settings out-performed their counterparts with a very but not perfectly reliable automated aid on a monitoring task. Participants with an aid made errors of omission (missed events when not explicitly prompted about them by the aid) and commission (did what an automated aid recommended, even when it contradicted their training and other 100% valid and available indicators). Possible causes and consequences of automation bias are discussed

Evolution of multiple kinds of female sperm-storage organs in drosophila.

Abstract: Females of all species belonging to the family Drosophilidae have two kinds of sperm-storage organs: paired spherical spermathecae and a single elongate tubular seminal receptacle. We examined 113 species belonging to the genus Drosophila and closely allied genera and describe variation in female sperm-storage organ use and morphology. The macroevolutionary pattern of organ dysfunction and morphological divergence suggests that ancestrally both kinds of organs stored sperm. Loss of use of the spermathecae has evolved at least 13 times; evolutionary regain of spermathecal function has rarely if ever occurred. Loss of use of the seminal receptacle has likely occurred only once; in this case, all descendant species possess unusually elaborate spermathecae. Data further indicate that the seminal receptacle is the primary sperm-storage organ in Drosophila. This organ exhibits a pattern of strong correlated evolution with the length of sperm. The evolution of multiple kinds of female sperm-storage organs and the rapidly divergent and correlated evolution of sperm and female reproductive tract morphology are discussed.

Effects of sampling effort on characterization of food-web structure

Abstract: A critical and poorly understood aspect of food-web theory concerns the possibility that variable observation effort, such as widely different sampling intensities among investigators, confounds structural food-web patterns. We evaluated this possibility by simulating the effects of variable observation effort on the structure of a food web including 77 insect species found inside the stems of 10 species of grasses. A highly detailed description of the trophic structure of this community was provided by an exhaustive sampling program involving dissection of 164 215 grass stems over 12 yr. Most significantly, the data describe the frequency at which each of the consumers and their 126 different trophic links were observed. During the simulated increase in sampling, consistent trends were observed among trophic-species webs as the species richness of these webs increased to a maximum of 73 trophic species. Connectance remained surprisingly constant, while the fractions of top and basal species decreased, an...

The Dutch Triangle

Abstract: This article offers a framework for a new performance measure based on behavioral finance theory. The authors argue that the average return above a designated minimal acceptable return is a proxy for upside potential, a valuable new way of measuring return. Style analysis is a very important factor. Unlike the information ratio, however, the “upside potential ratio” that the authors propose does not penalize the manager for performance above the mangers9 benchmark An analysis of Dutch mutual funds indicates this approach is applicable to small markets as well as large markets.

Short communication: developmental control of Xa21-mediated disease resistance in rice.

Abstract: The rice resistance gene Xa21 confers resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The molecular genetic mechanism controlling the integration of the Xa21-mediated disease resistance response with the developmental program in rice is under study in this model system. Reproducible means of infecting plants at certain developmental stages were designed based on the timing of full expansion of the leaf. Xa21-resistance progressively increases from the susceptible juvenile leaf 2 stage through later stages, with 100% resistance at the adult leaf 9/10 stage. We found that Xa21 expression is independent of plant developmental stage, infection with Xoo, or wounding. Expression of the Xa21 gene transcript is not correlated with expression of Xa21 disease resistance indicating that the developmental regulation of Xa21-resistance is either controlled post-transcriptionally or by other factors.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Early‐ and Late‐Developing Skull Characters in Mice: A Test of the Genetic Independence Model of Morphological Integration

Abstract: Quantitative genetical theory suggests that characters existing in developmentally or functionally integrated groups are expected to be genetically correlated because they share a common inheritance. The genetic independence model for the cause of this genetic integration predicts that pleiotropic effects of single genes are mostly restricted to the characters in these integrated groups. We tested this model by estimating the additive and dominance effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting early‐ (cranial vault) and late‐developing (face) skeletal characters in F2 house mice originally derived from a cross of the Large and Small inbred strains. Interval mapping procedures were used that resulted in the identification of 26 QTLs on 17 of the 19 autosomes that significantly affected these characters. Additive, but not dominance, genotypic effects of many of these QTLs predominantly affected either the cranial vault or face characters, which supports the genetic independence model. Only t...

Roots as a site of hydrogen sulfide uptake in the hydrocarbon seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp.

Abstract: Vestimentiferan tubeworms have no mouth or gut, and the majority of their nutritional requirements are provided by endosymbiotic bacteria that utilize hydrogen sulfide oxidation to fix CO(2) into organic molecules. It has been assumed that all vestimentiferans obtain the sulfide, O(2) and CO(2) needed by the bacteria across the plume (gill) surface, but some live in locations where very little sulfide is available in the sea water surrounding the plume. We propose that at least some of these vestimentiferans can grow a posterior extension of their body and tube down into the sea-floor sediment, and that they can use this extension, which we call the ‘root’, to take up sulfide directly from the interstitial water. In this study of the vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp., found at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico at depths of approximately 700 m, we measured seawater and interstitial sulfide concentrations in the hydrocarbon seep habitat, determined the structural characteristics of the root tube using transmission electron microscopy, characterized the biochemical composition of the tube wall, and measured the sulfide permeability of the root tube. We found that, while the sulfide concentration is less than 1 (μ)mol l(−)(1) in the sea water surrounding the gills, it can be over 1.5 mmol l(−)(1) at a depth of 10–25 cm in sediment beneath tubeworm bushes. The root tube is composed primarily of giant (β)-chitin crystallites (12–30 % of total mass) embedded in a protein matrix (50 % of total mass). Root tubes have a mean diameter of 1.4 mm, a mean wall thickness of 70 (μ)m and can be over 20 cm long. The tubeworm itself typically extends its body to the distal tip of the root tube. The root tube wall was quite permeable to sulfide, having a permeability coefficient at 20 degrees C of 0. 41×10(−)(3)cm s(−)(1), with root tube being 2.5 times more permeable to sulfide than trunk tube of the same diameter. The characteristics of the root suggest that it reaches down to the higher sulfide levels present in the deeper sediment and that it functions to increase the surface area available for sulfide uptake in a manner analogous to a respiratory organ.

Evaluating domestic and international Web‐site strategies

Abstract: This paper presents the AIPD approach to the evaluation of commercial Web sites within or across borders. The author explains how benchmarking techniques can be used to compare attracting, informing, positioning, and delivering (AIPD) strategies of Web sites in order to clarify strategic opportunities or advantages. The AIPD model is then used to compare the Internet strategies of some Japanese and American banks. Results show that Japanese banks have created more dynamic and content rich Internet environments than their American counterparts. Cultural and institutional differences are given for the contrasting approaches to Web design, information and service delivery.

Ecobehavioral Assessment in Early Childhood Programs A Portrait of Preschool Inclusion

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to describe the nature of preschool children's experiences in inclusive early childhood programs. The momentary time-sampling data reported in this article represented 3 hours of observational information per child for 112 preschoolers with and without disabilities in 16 community-based, inclusive preschool programs in four states. In general, children with and without disabilities exhibited similar child behaviors and were meaningfully engaged in a variety of adult- and child-initiated activities within similar activity contexts. Two noteworthy between-group differences were that (a) children without disabilities, compared to those with disabilities, participated in more child-child social behaviors and (b) children with disabilities received more adult support and attention than peers without disabilities. These ecobehavioral data begin to "paint a portrait" of preschool inclusion. This "portrait" revealed that children with disabilities were physically included but...

Multiple-Category Decision-Making: Review and Synthesis

Abstract: In many purchase environments, consumers use information from a number of product categories prior to making a decision. These purchase situations create dependencies in choice outcomes across categories. As such, these decision problems cannot be easily modeled using the single-category, single-choice paradigm commonly used by researchers in marketing. We outline a conceptual framework for categorization, and then discuss three types of cross-category dependence: cross-category consideration cross-category learning, and product bundling. We argue that the key to modeling choice dependence across categories is knowledge of the goals driving consumer behavior.

Rethinking a Familiar Model: Psychotherapy and the Mental Health of Refugees

Abstract: This paper examines with a somewhat critical eye the primary role that psychotherapy and other clinic-based services currently play in addressing the mental health needs of political refugees in the industrialized countries. Two factors are considered which suggest that refugee mental health needs might be better served by complementing clinic-based treatments with a variety of community-based interventions. The first factor concerns the pervasiveness of psychological distress within refugee communities, coupled with the reluctance of many refugees to utilize formal psychological and psychiatric services. This calls into question both the adequacy and appropriateness of clinical-based services as cornerstones of our response to the mental health needs of refugees. More precisely, it suggests the need to complement such services with a variety of culturally grounded, community-based strategies that do not require attendance in formal mental health settings. Second, recent findings have shown consistently that a considerable amount of the distress reported by refugees is related not to prior exposure to violent events, but to a constellation of exile-related stressors such as the loss of one's community and social network, the loss of important life projects, changes in socioeconomic status and related concerns about economic survival, the loss of meaningful structure and activity in daily life, and the loss of meaningful social roles. It is suggested that while psychotherapy can play an important adjunctive role in helping people confront these exile-related stressors, they may most effectively be addressed through targeted community-based interventions. Examples of such community-based approaches are briefly described, and suggestions are offered for community-level strategies that might be explored. The paper concludes by emphasizing the complementary nature of clinical and community-based programs, and by suggesting that psychotherapy might best be conceptualized as one component of a more comprehensive approach to addressing the mental health needs of refugee communities.

‘Women's rights as human rights’: Feminist practices, global feminism, and human rights regimes in transnationality 1

Abstract: This paper argues that the recent calls for articulating women's rights as human rights can be successful only by misrecognition of the geopolitical context of human rights internationalism and the nationalisms that are sustained by it. Arguing that it is only on the level of universalized constructions of ‘women’ as a category and the generalized invocations of oppression by ‘global feminism's’ ‘American’ practitioners that such discourses of rights become powerful, this paper argues that policy and action require addressing localized and transnational specificities that created gendered inequalities. Even in national contexts such as in India, generalized invocations of women's human rights have not been useful since hegemonic forms of religion and culture have also been oppressive to women in minority communities. Concepts of economic and social justice rather than rights may work better in many such cases.

Space utilization and swimming depth of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, at the South Farallon Islands, central California

Abstract: This paper presents information on the movements of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, at the South Farallon Islands (SFI), central California. Acoustic telemetry techniques provided preliminary data on the diurnal space utilization, movement patterns and swimming depths of four white sharks, ranging from approximately 3.7 to 4.9m in length. Sharks swam within about 10m of the bottom to depths of approximately 30m, but in deeper water they tended to stray more from the bottom. Activity spaces for time periods tracked ranged from 1.84 to 9.15km2. Indications are that an inverse relationship exists between length and activity space. During the time tracked, larger individuals swam within particular areas around the islands whereas smaller individuals did not restrict their movements in the same manner. Values of a site attachment index were inversely related to length for all sharks tracked. The site attachment indices, apparent inverse relationship between total length and activity space and observations on telemetered and other known individuals support a hypothesis that larger sharks possess site fidelity in their search for prey at SFI, within and between years. With the high frequency of predation by white sharks on juvenile northern elephant seals at SFI in the fall, the majority of the sharks' movements are probably related to their search for these pinniped prey. These data provide preliminary evidence that white sharks at SFI may search for prey by swimming in a particular area over a number of days or weeks, traversing the area in a manner which maximizes coverage, and swimming close to the bottom or at a distance far enough from the surface to remain cryptic from prey.

Neuronal responses in cat primary auditory cortex to electrical cochlear stimulation. III. Activation patterns in short- and long-term deafness.

Abstract: The effects of auditory deprivation on the spatial distribution of cortical response thresholds to electrical stimulation of the adult cat cochlea were evaluated. Threshold distributions for single...

Information literacy in an undergraduate nursing curriculum: Development, implementation and evaluation

Abstract: With the increasing complexity of nursing practice and health care delivery, developing information literacy in students for lifelong learning is a vital element of nursing education. The San Francisco State University School of Nursing has developed, implemented, and evaluated an integrated program of information literacy in its undergraduate curriculum. The curriculum strand includes a variety of instructional strategies woven through all semesters of the nursing program. To evaluate the information literacy program, an exploratory descriptive approach was taken using two different cohorts of students. Baseline testing prior to implementation of the information literacy program and posttesting after implementation of the program revealed selected positive occurrences in students' use of bibliographic databases and journal literature. However, students did not perceive they were more successful in accessing information, and faculty assessment of students' ability to evaluate information did not change from 1992 to 1996. These and other evaluation findings have implications for the development of an information literacy curriculum and its integration with other facets of student learning.

American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom

Abstract: I. FOUNDATIONS. 1. Universal Freedom Declared, Universal Freedom Denied: Racism, Slavery, and the Ideology of White Supremecy in the Founding of the Republic. 2. Federalism and the Limits of Universal Freedom. II. POLITICAL BEHAVIORISM. 3. Political Culture. 4. Political Socialization. 5. Public Opinion. 6. African Americans and the Media. III. COALITIONS, MOVEMENTS, INTEREST GROUPS, PARTIES, AND ELECTIONS. 7. Social Movements and a Theory of African American Coalition Politics. 8. Interest Groups. 9. Political Parties. 10. Voting Behavior and Elections. IV. INSTITUTIONS. 11. The Congress and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. 12. The Presidency and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. 13. The Supreme Court and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. 14. The Bureaucracy and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. V. PUBLIC POLICY. 15. Domestic Policy and the African American Quest for Social and Economic Justice. 16. The African American Quest for Universal Freedom and U.S. Foreign Policy. Appendix. The Declaration of Independence. The Constitution of the United States of America. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" Speech. Credits. Index.

Regulation of expression of avirulence gene avrRxv and identification of a family of host interaction factors by sequence analysis of avrBsT.

Abstract: Resistance in tomato line Hawaii 7998 as well as in several nonhost plants to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria tomato strain (XcvT) is mediated in part by the avirulence gene avrRxv. Analysis of growth of wild-type and avrRxv deletion strains indicates that avrRxv plays a crucial role in the ability of XcvT 92-14 to induce resistance on Hawaii 7998. We used avrRxv reporter gene fusions and Northern (RNA) blot analysis to test several growth environments for inductive potential. We found that avrRxv is constitutively expressed at high levels and that growth in planta, in tobacco conditioned medium, and in hrp-inductive medium XVM2 did not affect the high levels of expression. In addition, hrp structural and regulatory mutant backgrounds had no effect. We mutated the bipartite plant inducible promoter (PIP)-box sequence and found that avrRxv activity appears to be independent of an intact PIP-box element. We present the sequence of the avrRxv homologue called avrBsT and align the six AvrRxv host interaction factor family members including mammalian pathogen virulence factors YopJ and YopP from Yersinia spp. and AvrA from Salmonella typhimurium, and open reading frame Y4LO with unknown function from the symbiont Rhizobium sp.

The Age-dependent Luminosities of the Red Giant Branch Bump, Asymptotic Giant Branch Bump, and Horizontal Branch Red Clump

Abstract: Color-magnitude diagrams of globular clusters usually exhibit a prominent horizontal branch (HB) and may also show features such as the red giant branch (RGB) bump and the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) bump. Stellar evolution theory predicts that the luminosities of these features will depend on the metallicity and age of the cluster. We calculate theoretical lines of 2-12 Gyr constant age RGB bumps and AGB bumps in the ΔV-[Fe/H] diagram, which shows the brightness difference between the bump and the HB as a function of metallicity. In order to test the predictions, we identify giant branch bumps in new Hubble Space Telescope color-magnitude diagrams for eight SMC clusters. First, we conclude that the SMC cluster bumps are RGB bumps. The data for clusters younger than ~6 Gyr are in fair agreement with our predictions for the relative age-dependent luminosities of the HB and RGB bump. The ΔV data for clusters older than ~6 Gyr demonstrate a less satisfactory agreement with our calculations. We conclude that ~6 Gyr is the lower bound to the age of clusters for which the Galactic globular cluster, age-independent ΔV-[Fe/H] calibration is valid. Application of the ΔV-[Fe/H] diagram to stellar population studies is discussed.

Mother-infant spatial relations in captive bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus

Abstract: The prolonged nursing period and strong, extended mother-infant bond observed among bottlenose dolphins may reflect social and physical ontogeny critical for infant survival. This study was conducted to quantify ontogentic changes in mother-infant contact time and the amount of time infants spent in specific spatial states with their mothers from birth to age 12 mo. These behaviors were studied through a systematic, longitudinal study of six mother-infant pairs of captive bottlenose dolphins from three different social groups. There was a significant decrease in the time infants spent with their mothers (logistic regression, P < 0.001), following the general mammalian pattern of increasing independence with age. When with their mothers, the probability that infants would be found in “echelon” position, flanking the mother, decreased as the calf aged (logistic regression, P <0.001), possibly due to anatomical and hydrodynamic factors. The probability that infants would be found in “infant” position, underneath the mother, increased with calf age (logistic regression, P < 0.001). Results obtained in this study are consistent with similar studies of wild bottlenose dolphin mother-infant pairs, indicating a suite of ontogenetically comparable behaviors between wild and captive bottlenose dolphins.

Confidence in linear spectral unmixing of single pixels

Abstract: The authors propose a method that estimates the membership of a mixed pixel in various possible mixture proportions. The method relies on the creation of model mixtures and the estimation of their local density in the vicinity of the pixel under consideration.

Commutants of analytic Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space

Abstract: In this note we show that if two Toeplitz operators on a Bergman space commute and the symbol of one of them is analytic and nonconstant, then the other one is also analytic. Let be a bounded open domain in the complex plane and letdA denote area measure on . The Bergman space L 2 () is the subspace of L 2 (,dA) consisting of the square-integrable functions that are analytic on . For a bounded measurable function ' on , the Toeplitz operator T' with symbol ' is the operator on L 2 () defined by T'(f) = P('f),

Analysis of phytochelatin-cadmium complexes from plant tissue culture using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Phytochelatins (PCs, also known as class III metallothioneins), a family of sulfhydryl-rich peptides with the formula (γ-GluCys)nGly(Pcn, n = 2–11), are induced in plants, yeast and fungi exposed to heavy metals, and are thought to detoxify metals by forming PC– metal complexes. Although PCs have been detected, PC– metal complexes have not been well characterized. In this work, nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS/MS) and capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (capillary LC/ESI-MS/MS) methods were used to analyze PC – Cd complexes isolated from Datura innoxia, also known as Jimsonweed, cell culture exposed to Cd. With nano-ESI-MS/MS and capillary LC/ESI-MS/MS we could simultaneously detect the presence of PCs and PC – Cd complexes from plant cell extracts, unambiguously identify these species and elucidate the nature of individual PC – Cd complexes. Phytochelatins with n = 3–6 were detected, as were PC – Cd complexes with PC3, PC4 and PC5. This is the first study to report the size and nature of native PC – Cd complexes from plant tissue samples. These results demonstrate that the direct analysis of plant extracts using nano-ESI-MS/MS and capillary LC/ESI-MS/MS methods is simple and sensitive to the range of PCs and PC – Cd complexes in plants. Hence these methods open up new opportunities for further quantitative analysis of PCs and PC – metal complexes in cell culture and plant systems to understand the relationship between the biosynthesis of these compounds and metal tolerance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Evolution of the lithium abundances of solar-type stars. ix. high-resolution spectroscopy of low-mass stars in ngc 2264

Abstract: We have obtained Keck HIRES spectra of 35 objects in the premain-sequence cluster NGC 2264 in order to determine their radial velocities, rotation rates, activity levels, and Li abundances. Our precise radial velocities indicate that the eight objects we observed that lie below a 5 Myr isochrone are non- members. This means that the age spread within NGC 2264 is only about 4 Myr, a factor of 2 less than found previously, although this is a lower limit to the true age spread because star formation is still taking place in the cluster. After correction for non-LTE eUects, our Li abundances are consistent with no depletion having yet occurred and a uniform value of log N(Li) \ 3.2, provided that the uncertainty in values is about 250 K. This is high, but this cluster appears to have varying extinction, which T eff could lead to large temperature errors. Stars in NGC 2264 have spun up compared with the younger Orion Nebula cluster. Current models suggest disk-locking timescales of 1¨2 Myr to account for the most rapidly rotating stars. By combining rotation periods and v sin i values, we show that the distribu- tion of sin i is not in accord with a random distribution of rotation axes. The reason for this is not known, but it is probably due to a selection against equator-on objects that still have obscuring material around them.