Showing papers by "San Francisco State University published in 2012"
TL;DR: This effort potentially also involves telling faculty that what they have been doing for the past 5, 10, or even 30 yr may not the most effective approach, especially for today’s students.
Abstract: Recent calls for reform, such as Vision and Change: A Call to Action, have described a vision to transform undergraduate biology education and have noted the need for faculty to promote this change toward a more iterative and evidence-based approach to teaching (American Association for the Advancement of Science [AAAS], 2011). A key challenge is convincing many faculty—not just a handful of faculty scattered across the country but the majority of life sciences faculty in every institution—to change the way they teach. Few would disagree that this is an ambitious goal. Change is difficult in any setting, but changing academic teaching appears to be especially tricky. Calls for change imply that the pedagogical approaches our own professors and mentors modeled and taught us might not be the best way to engage large numbers of diverse populations of undergraduates in our discipline. This effort potentially also involves telling faculty that what they have been doing for the past 5, 10, or even 30 yr may not the most effective approach, especially for today’s students. Widespread change in undergraduate biology teaching—or in any of the sciences for that matter—has been documented to be difficult (Hender-
505 citations
23 Apr 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose to use confidence intervals for comparing the Averages of two groups to measure the effect sizes of different measures beyond comparing two Averages, such as the confidence interval for comparing two averages.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Confidence Intervals for Comparing the Averages of Two Groups 3. The Standardized Difference Between Means 4. Correlational Effect Sizes and Related Topics 5. Parametric and Nonparametric Effect Size Measures that Go Beyond Comparing Two Averages 6. Effect Sizes for One-Way ANOVA and Nonparametric Approaches 7. Effect Sizes for Factorial Designs 8. Effect Sizes for Categorical Variables 9. Effect Sizes for Ordinal Categorical Dependent Variables (Rating Scales) 10. Effect Sizes for Multiple Regression/Correlation 11. Effect Sizes for Analysis of Covariance 12. Effect Sizes for Multivariate Analysis of Variance
492 citations
TL;DR: Comparative studies provide compelling evidence that the lineage of Archaea with which the AOA affiliate is sufficiently divergent to justify the creation of a novel phylum, the Thaumarchaeota.
Abstract: The discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), now generally recognized to exert primary control over ammonia oxidation in terrestrial, marine, and geothermal habitats, necessitates a reassessment of the nitrogen cycle. In particular, the unusually high affinity of marine and terrestrial AOA for ammonia indicates that this group may determine the oxidation state of nitrogen available to associated micro- and macrobiota, altering our current understanding of trophic interactions. Initial comparative genomics and physiological studies have revealed a novel, and as yet unresolved, primarily copper-based pathway for ammonia oxidation and respiration distinct from that of known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and possibly relevant to the production of atmospherically active nitrogen oxides. Comparative studies also provide compelling evidence that the lineage of Archaea with which the AOA affiliate is sufficiently divergent to justify the creation of a novel phylum, the Thaumarchaeota.
479 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined residents' attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in several rural areas at different stages of tourism and economic development and found that residents of three distinct rural county-level areas were supportive of tourism development, and little evidence was found that attitudes toward tourism become negative with higher levels of tourism.
Abstract: Building on the model by Perdue, Long, and Allen, this study examined residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in several rural areas at different stages of tourism and economic development. Social exchange theory and destination life cycle model were used to examine the impacts of tourism development on residents’ attitudes when considered in conjunction with a community’s total economic activity. New social predictors and endogenous factors were tested in the model. Overall, residents of three distinct rural county-level areas were supportive of tourism development, and little evidence was found that suggests that attitudes toward tourism become negative with higher levels of tourism. After considering the level of tourism development in conjunction with the total economic activity, residents of the three county-level areas showed some signs of destination life cycle influencing their own relationship with tourism.
455 citations
TL;DR: Increased knowledge over the last decade of Pseudo-nitzschia and its production of DA is summarized, including changes in worldwide range, phylogeny, physiology, ecology, monitoring and public health impacts.
407 citations
TL;DR: Imagine yourself as the instructor of an introductory undergraduate biology course, and two students from your course independently visit your office the week after the first exam, both students are biology majors.
Abstract: Imagine yourself as the instructor of an introductory undergraduate biology course. Two students from your course independently visit your office the week after the first exam. Both students are biology majors. Both regularly attend class and submit their assignments on time. Both appear to be eager, dedicated, and genuine students who want to learn biology. During each of their office hours visits, you ask them to share how they prepared for the first exam. Their stories are strikingly different (inspired by Ertmer and Newby, 1996). During office hours, Josephina expresses that she was happy the exam was on a Monday, because she had a lot of time to prepare the previous weekend. She shares that she started studying after work on Saturday evening and did not go out with friends that night. When queried, she also shares that she reread all of the assigned textbook material and made flashcards of the bold words in the text. She feels that she should have done well on the test, because she studied all Saturday night and all day on Sunday. She feels that she did everything she could do to prepare. That said, she is worried about what her grade will be, and she wants you to know that she studied really hard, so she should get a good grade on the exam. Later in the week, Maya visits your office. When asked how she prepared for the first exam, she explains that she has regularly reviewed the PowerPoint slides each evening after class since the beginning of the term 4 weeks ago. She also read the assigned textbook pages weekly, but expresses that she spent most of her time comparing the ideas in the PowerPoint slides with the information in the textbook to see how they were similar and different. She found several places in which things seemed not to agree, which confused her. She kept a running list of these confusions each week. When you ask what she did with these confusions, she shares that she
401 citations
TL;DR: A brief overview of optical spatial solitons is provided, which will cover a variety of issues pertaining to self-trapped waves supported by different types of nonlinearities, as well as various families of spatialsolitons such as optical lattice soliton and surface solitONS.
Abstract: Solitons, nonlinear self-trapped wavepackets, have been extensively studied in many and diverse branches of physics such as optics, plasmas, condensed matter physics, fluid mechanics, particle physics and even astrophysics. Interestingly, over the past two decades, the field of solitons and related nonlinear phenomena has been substantially advanced and enriched by research and discoveries in nonlinear optics. While optical solitons have been vigorously investigated in both spatial and temporal domains, it is now fair to say that much soliton research has been mainly driven by the work on optical spatial solitons. This is partly due to the fact that although temporal solitons as realized in fiber optic systems are fundamentally one-dimensional entities, the high dimensionality associated with their spatial counterparts has opened up altogether new scientific possibilities in soliton research. Another reason is related to the response time of the nonlinearity. Unlike temporal optical solitons, spatial solitons have been realized by employing a variety of noninstantaneous nonlinearities, ranging from the nonlinearities in photorefractive materials and liquid crystals to the nonlinearities mediated by the thermal effect, thermophoresis and the gradient force in colloidal suspensions. Such a diversity of nonlinear effects has given rise to numerous soliton phenomena that could otherwise not be envisioned, because for decades scientists were of the mindset that solitons must strictly be the exact solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation as established for ideal Kerr nonlinear media. As such, the discoveries of optical spatial solitons in different systems and associated new phenomena have stimulated broad interest in soliton research. In particular, the study of incoherent solitons and discrete spatial solitons in optical periodic media not only led to advances in our understanding of fundamental processes in nonlinear optics and photonics, but also had a very important impact on a variety of other disciplines in nonlinear science. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of optical spatial solitons. This review will cover a variety of issues pertaining to self-trapped waves supported by different types of nonlinearities, as well as various families of spatial solitons such as optical lattice solitons and surface solitons. Recent developments in the area of optical spatial solitons, such as 3D light bullets, subwavelength solitons, self-trapping in soft condensed matter and spatial solitons in systems with parity-time symmetry will also be discussed briefly.
389 citations
Dalhousie University1, University of British Columbia2, University of Konstanz3, University of Toronto4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, United States Department of Energy6, University of Freiburg7, University of Ostrava8, University of Alberta9, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic10, Sewanee: The University of the South11, University of New Brunswick12, University of Washington13, University of Exeter14, Aix-Marseille University15, Science for Life Laboratory16, University of Tsukuba17, American Museum of Natural History18, Natural History Museum19, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute20, University of East Anglia21, University of Canterbury22, San Francisco State University23, Reed College24, National Center for Genome Resources25, University of Melbourne26
TL;DR: The nuclear genomes of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans are sequenced and extensive genetic and biochemical mosaicism is revealed, with both host- and endosymbiont-derived genes servicing the mitochondrion, the host cell cytosol, the plastid and the remnant endosYmbionT cytOSol of both algae.
Abstract: Cryptophyte and chlorarachniophyte algae are transitional forms in the widespread secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of photosynthesis by engulfment of eukaryotic algae. Unlike most secondary plastid-bearing algae, miniaturized versions of the endosymbiont nuclei (nucleomorphs) persist in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes. To determine why, and to address other fundamental questions about eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis, we sequenced the nuclear genomes of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Both genomes have >21,000 protein genes and are intron rich, and B. natans exhibits unprecedented alternative splicing for a single-celled organism. Phylogenomic analyses and subcellular targeting predictions reveal extensive genetic and biochemical mosaicism, with both host- and endosymbiont-derived genes servicing the mitochondrion, the host cell cytosol, the plastid and the remnant endosymbiont cytosol of both algae. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus gene transfer still occurs in both organisms but plastid-to-nucleus and nucleomorph-to-nucleus transfers do not, which explains why a small residue of essential genes remains locked in each nucleomorph.
356 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention, and the critical necessity for a replete mucosal microbiota to protect against this species.
Abstract: Persistent mucosal inflammation and microbial infection are characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Mucosal microbiota dysbiosis is found in other chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the relationship between sinus microbiota composition and CRS is unknown. Using comparative microbiome profiling of a cohort of CRS patients and healthy subjects, we demonstrate that the sinus microbiota of CRS patients exhibits significantly reduced bacterial diversity compared with that of healthy controls. In our cohort of CRS patients, multiple, phylogenetically distinct lactic acid bacteria were depleted concomitant with an increase in the relative abundance of a single species, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum. We recapitulated the conditions observed in our human cohort in a murine model and confirmed the pathogenic potential of C. tuberculostearicum and the critical necessity for a replete mucosal microbiota to protect against this species. Moreover, Lactobacillus sakei, which was identified from our comparative microbiome analyses as a potentially protective species, defended against C. tuberculostearicum sinus infection, even in the context of a depleted sinus bacterial community. These studies demonstrate that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as identify both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention.
351 citations
TL;DR: In this article, international entrepreneurs are often confronted with unfavorable normative, regulatory, and cognitive institutional environments, and those entrepreneurial firms that successfully navigate this uneven environment are recognized as the ones that make the most progress.
Abstract: International entrepreneurs are often confronted with unfavorable normative, regulatory, and cognitive institutional environments Those entrepreneurial firms that successfully navigate this uneven
349 citations
TL;DR: This study examined the reliability and validity of an existing measure of connectedness to the LGBT Community among a diverse group of sexual minority individuals in New York City, and whether differences in connectedness existed across gender and race or ethnicity.
Abstract: Theory and research agree that connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is an important construct to account for in understanding issues related to health and well-being among gay and bisexual men. However, the measurement of this construct among lesbian and bisexual women or racial and ethnic minority individuals has not yet been adequately investigated. This study examined the reliability and validity of an existing measure of connectedness to the LGBT Community among a diverse group of sexual minority individuals in New York City, and whether differences in connectedness existed across gender and race or ethnicity. Scores on the measure demonstrated both internal consistency and construct stability across subgroups defined by gender and race or ethnicity. The subgroups did not differ in their mean levels of connectedness, and scores on the measure demonstrated factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity, both generally and within each of the subgroups. Inconsistencies were observed with regard to which scores on the measure demonstrated predictive validity in their associations with indicators of mental health and well-being. The scale is a useful tool for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the role of community connectedness in the lives of diverse populations of sexual minority individuals.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution1, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria2, Bar-Ilan University3, Aix-Marseille University4, Linnaeus University5, University of Hawaii6, University of Southern California7, San Francisco State University8, National Sun Yat-sen University9, Montana State University10, National Autonomous University of Mexico11, University of Vigo12, Max Planck Society13, University of Tokyo14, University of Valencia15, University of Southern Mississippi16, University of Georgia17, Leibniz Association18, Oregon State University19, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth20, University of California, Santa Cruz21, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton22, Old Dominion University23, Oregon Health & Science University24, National Oceanography Centre25, Plymouth Marine Laboratory26, University of Copenhagen27, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory28, University of Texas at Austin29, University of Miami30
TL;DR: This database is limited spatially, lacking large regions of the ocean especially in the Indian Ocean, but can nevertheless be used to study spatial and temporal distributions and variations of marine N2 fixation, to validate geochemical estimates and to parameterize and validate biogeochemical models.
Abstract: . Marine N2 fixing microorganisms, termed diazotrophs, are a key functional group in marine pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen (N2) to bioavailable nitrogen provides an important new source of nitrogen for pelagic marine ecosystems and influences primary productivity and organic matter export to the deep ocean. As one of a series of efforts to collect biomass and rates specific to different phytoplankton functional groups, we have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling about 12 000 direct field measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances (based on microscopic cell counts or qPCR assays targeting the nifH genes) and N2 fixation rates. Biomass conversion factors are estimated based on cell sizes to convert abundance data to diazotrophic biomass. The database is limited spatially, lacking large regions of the ocean especially in the Indian Ocean. The data are approximately log-normal distributed, and large variances exist in most sub-databases with non-zero values differing 5 to 8 orders of magnitude. Reporting the geometric mean and the range of one geometric standard error below and above the geometric mean, the pelagic N2 fixation rate in the global ocean is estimated to be 62 (52–73) Tg N yr−1 and the pelagic diazotrophic biomass in the global ocean is estimated to be 2.1 (1.4–3.1) Tg C from cell counts and to 89 (43–150) Tg C from nifH-based abundances. Reporting the arithmetic mean and one standard error instead, these three global estimates are 140 p 9.2 Tg N yr−1, 18 p 1.8 Tg C and 590 p 70 Tg C, respectively. Uncertainties related to biomass conversion factors can change the estimate of geometric mean pelagic diazotrophic biomass in the global ocean by about p70%. It was recently established that the most commonly applied method used to measure N2 fixation has underestimated the true rates. As a result, one can expect that future rate measurements will shift the mean N2 fixation rate upward and may result in significantly higher estimates for the global N2 fixation. The evolving database can nevertheless be used to study spatial and temporal distributions and variations of marine N2 fixation, to validate geochemical estimates and to parameterize and validate biogeochemical models, keeping in mind that future rate measurements may rise in the future. The database is stored in PANGAEA ( doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.774851 ).
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TL;DR: In this paper, two processes of resource mobilization, optimization and bricolage, are studied and the antecedent conditions that influence a venture's selection of these processes are examined.
Abstract: Resources play a vital role in the development of an entrepreneurial venture. For ventures operating in the public interest, the process of effective resource mobilization can be especially critical to the social mission. However, there has been limited empirical examination of the approaches used by social ventures to mobilize critical resources. We study two processes of resource mobilization -- optimization and bricolage, and examine the antecedent conditions that influence a venture’s selection of these processes. Our theory predicts that environmental munificence and organizational prominence have U-shaped associations with the use of bricolage and positive associations with the use of optimization. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 202 technology social ventures from 42 countries, and discuss implications for the social entrepreneurship and broader entrepreneurship literatures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of nonparaxial Mathieu and Weber accelerating beams was introduced, and it was shown that such beams bend into large angles along circular, elliptical, or parabolic trajectories but still retain nondiffracting and self-healing capabilities.
Abstract: We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally nonparaxial Mathieu and Weber accelerating beams, generalizing the concept of previously found accelerating beams. We show that such beams bend into large angles along circular, elliptical, or parabolic trajectories but still retain nondiffracting and self-healing capabilities. The circular nonparaxial accelerating beams can be considered as a special case of the Mathieu accelerating beams, while an Airy beam is only a special case of the Weber beams at the paraxial limit. Not only do generalized nonparaxial accelerating beams open up many possibilities of beam engineering for applications, but the fundamental concept developed here can be applied to other linear wave systems in nature, ranging from electromagnetic and elastic waves to matter waves.
University of California, Santa Cruz1, University of Florida2, Fermilab3, Ames Research Center4, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence5, Harvard University6, San Jose State University7, University of Copenhagen8, University of Texas at Austin9, Yale University10, San Francisco State University11, University of Hertfordshire12, University of California, Berkeley13, Tel Aviv University14, University of California, Santa Barbara15, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network16
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present four sets of light curves from the Kepler spacecraft, each of which shows multiple planets transiting the same star, and report dynamical fits to the transit times, yielding possible values for the planets' masses and eccentricities.
Abstract: Eighty planetary systems of two or more planets are known to orbit stars other than the Sun. For most, the data can be sufficiently explained by non-interacting Keplerian orbits, so the dynamical interactions of these systems have not been observed. Here we present four sets of light curves from the Kepler spacecraft, each which of shows multiple planets transiting the same star. Departure of the timing of these transits from strict periodicity indicates that the planets are perturbing each other: the observed timing variations match the forcing frequency of the other planet. This confirms that these objects are in the same system. Next we limit their masses to the planetary regime by requiring the system remain stable for astronomical timescales. Finally, we report dynamical fits to the transit times, yielding possible values for the planets' masses and eccentricities. As the timespan of timing data increases, dynamical fits may allow detailed constraints on the systems' architectures, even in cases for which high-precision Doppler follow-up is impractical.
TL;DR: It is argued that the contradiction between development and conservation observed in PES is inevitable in projects framed by the asocial logic of neoclassical economics and will entail a net upward redistribution of wealth in the global North.
Abstract: Commodification and transnational trading of ecosystem services is the most ambitious iteration yet of the strategy of ‘selling nature to save it’ The World Bank and UN agencies contend that global carbon markets can slow climate change while generating resources for development Consonant with ‘inclusionary’ versions of neoliberal development policy, advocates assert that international payment for ecosystem services (PES) projects, financed by carbon-offset sales and biodiversity banking, can benefit the poor However, the World Bank also warns that a focus on poverty reduction can undermine efficiency in conservation spending The experience of ten years of PES illustrates how, in practice, market-efficiency criteria clash directly with poverty-reduction priorities Nevertheless, the premises of market-based PES are being extrapolated as a model for global REDD programmes financed by carbon-offset trading This article argues that the contradiction between development and conservation observed in PES is inevitable in projects framed by the asocial logic of neoclassical economics Application in international conservation policy of the market model, in which profit incentives depend upon differential opportunity costs, will entail a net upward redistribution of wealth from poorer to wealthier classes and from rural regions to distant centres of capital accumulation, mainly in the global North
TL;DR: The PHRASE List is presented, a list of the 505 most frequent non-transparent multiword expressions in English, intended especially for receptive use, to provide a basis for the systematic integration of multiword lexical items into teaching materials, vocabulary tests, and learning syllabuses.
Abstract: There is little dispute that formulaic sequences form an important part of the lexicon, but to date there has been no principled way to prioritize the inclusion of such items in pedagogic materials, such as ESL/EFL textbooks or tests of vocabulary knowledge. While wordlists have been used for decades, they have only provided information about individual word forms (e.g. the General Service List (West 1953) and the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000)). This article addresses this deficiency by presenting the PHRASal Expressions List (PHRASE List), a list of the 505 most frequent non-transparent multiword expressions in English, intended especially for receptive use. The rationale and development of the list are discussed, as well as its compatibility with British National Corpus single-word frequency lists. It is hoped that the PHRASE List will provide a basis for the systematic integration of multiword lexical items into teaching materials, vocabulary tests, and learning syllabuses.
TL;DR: In this article, the Bogomolny-Zinn-Justin (BZJ) prescription is applied to bion-anti-bion topological molecules, which predicts a singularity on the positive real axis of the Borel plane (i.e., a divergence from summing large orders in peturbation theory) which is of order N times closer to the origin than the leading 4-d BPST instanton-antiinstanton singularity, where N is the rank of the gauge group.
Abstract: We study the dynamics of four dimensional gauge theories with adjoint fermions for all gauge groups, both in perturbation theory and non-perturbatively, by using circle compactication with periodic boundary conditions for the fermions. There are new gauge phenomena. We show that, to all orders in perturbation theory, many gauge groups are Higgsed by the gauge holonomy around the circle to a product of both abelian and nonabelian gauge group factors. Non-perturbatively there are monopole-instantons with fermion zero modes and two types of monopole-anti-monopole molecules, called bions. One type are magnetic bions which carry net magnetic charge and induce a mass gap for gauge uctuations. Another type are neutral bions which are magnetically neutral, and their un- derstanding requires a generalization of multi-instanton techniques in quantum mechanics | which we refer to as the Bogomolny-Zinn-Justin (BZJ) prescription | to compactied eld theory. The BZJ prescription applied to bion-anti-bion topological molecules predicts a singularity on the positive real axis of the Borel plane (i.e., a divergence from summing large orders in peturbation theory) which is of order N times closer to the origin than the leading 4-d BPST instanton-anti-instanton singularity, where N is the rank of the gauge group. The position of the bion-anti-bion singularity is thus qualitatively similar to that of the 4-d IR renormalon singularity, and we conjecture that they are continuously re- lated as the compactication radius is changed. By making use of transseries and Ecalle's resurgence theory we argue that a non-perturbative continuum denition of a class of eld theories which admit semi-classical expansions may be possible.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of national culture and geographic environment on firms' corporate social performance (CSP) and found that the Hofstede's cultural dimensions are significantly associated with CSP.
Abstract: As more and more multi-national companies expand their operations globally, their responsibilities extend beyond not only the economic motive of profitability but also other social and environmental factors. The objective of this article is to examine the impact of national culture and geographic environment on firms’ corporate social performance (CSP). Empirical tests are based on a global CSP database of companies from 49 countries. Results show that the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are significantly associated with CSP. In addition, European companies are found to out-perform other regions and countries in CSP.
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-perturbative continuum definition of quantum field theory (QFT) was proposed, based on resurgence theory, trans-series framework, and Borel-Ecalle resummation.
Abstract: This work is a step towards a non-perturbative continuum definition of quantum field theory (QFT), beginning with asymptotically free two dimensional non-linear sigma-models, using recent ideas from mathematics and QFT. The ideas from mathematics are resurgence theory, the trans-series framework, and Borel-Ecalle resummation. The ideas from QFT use continuity on ${{\mathbb{R}}^1}\times \mathbb{S}_L^1$
, i.e., the absence of any phase transition as N → ∞ or rapid-crossovers for finite-N, and the small-L weak coupling limit to render the semi-classical sector well-defined and calculable. We classify semi-classical configurations with actions 1/N (kink-instantons), 2/N (bions and bi-kinks), in units where the 2d instanton action is normalized to one. Perturbation theory possesses the IR-renormalon ambiguity that arises due to non-Borel summability of the large-orders perturbation series (of Gevrey-1 type), for which a microscopic cancellation mechanism was unknown. This divergence must be present because the corresponding expansion is on a singular Stokes ray in the complexified coupling constant plane, and the sum exhibits the Stokes phenomenon crossing the ray. We show that there is also a non-perturbative ambiguity inherent to certain neutral topological molecules (neutral bions and bion-anti-bions) in the semiclassical expansion. We find a set of “confluence equations” that encode the exact cancellation of the two different type of ambiguities. There exists a resurgent behavior in the semi-classical trans-series analysis of the QFT, whereby subleading orders of exponential terms mix in a systematic way, canceling all ambiguities. We show that a new notion of “graded resurgence triangle” is necessary to capture the path integral approach to resurgence, and that graded resurgence underlies a potentially rigorous definition of general QFTs. The mass gap and the Θ angle dependence of vacuum energy are calculated from first principles, and are in accord with large-N and lattice results.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide evidence of informed trading by individual investors around earnings announcements using a unique data set of NYSE stocks and show that intense aggregate individual investor buying (selling) predicts large positive (negative) abnormal returns on and after earnings announcement dates.
Abstract: This paper provides evidence of informed trading by individual investors around earnings announcements using a unique data set of NYSE stocks. We show that intense aggregate individual investor buying (selling) predicts large positive (negative) abnormal returns on and after earnings announcement dates. We decompose abnormal returns following the event into information and liquidity provision components, and show that about half of the returns can be attributed to private information. We also find that individuals trade in both return-contrarian and news-contrarian manners after earnings announcements. The latter behavior has the potential to slow the adjustment of prices to earnings news.
TL;DR: Saddle point field configurations are identified corresponding to singularities in the Borel plane which are of order N times closer to the origin than the four-dimensional instanton-anti-instanton singularities on the positive real axis, and it is conjecture that these are the leading singularity in the borel plane and that they are the incarnation of the elusive renormalons in the weak coupling regime.
Abstract: Perturbation series in quantum field theory (QFT) are generally divergent asymptotic series which are also typically not Borel resummable in the sense that the resummed series is ambiguous. The ambiguity is associated with singularities in the Borel plane on the positive real axis. In quantum mechanics there are cases in which the ambiguity that arises in perturbation theory cancels against a similarly ambiguous contribution from instanton---anti-instanton events. In asymptotically free gauge theories, this mechanism does not suffice because perturbation theory develops ambiguities associated with singularities in the Borel plane which are closer to the origin by a factor of about $N$ (the rank of the gauge group) compared to the singularities realized by instanton events. These are called IR renormalon poles, and on ${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$ they do not possess any known semiclassical realization. By using continuity on ${\mathbb{R}}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}$, and by generalizing the works of Bogomolny and Zinn-Justin to QFT, we identify saddle point field configurations, e.g., bion-antibion events, corresponding to singularities in the Borel plane which are of order $N$ times closer to the origin than the four-dimensional instanton--anti-instanton singularities in the Borel plane. We conjecture that these are the leading singularities in the Borel plane and that they are the incarnation of the elusive renormalons in the weak coupling regime.
TL;DR: In this paper, four online surveys examined the Big Five personality traits and material values of those who manage their money and determined the independent effects of money management on wealth, debt, and compulsive buying.
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for understanding immigrant health from a cross-national perspective is presented and the theoretical foundations of this framework are discussed; the methodological challenges for undertaking research on immigration and health using this framework; examples of emerging research in this area; and directions for future research.
TL;DR: The authors presented an overview of the perceived importance and accelerated spread of English language education, both formal and informal, in three East Asian countries (i.e., China, Japan and South Korea) against the backdrop of globalisation and emergent ideological, sociocultural and educational trends.
Abstract: This article presents an overview of the perceived importance and accelerated spread of English language education, both formal and informal, in three East Asian countries (i.e. China, Japan and South Korea) against the backdrop of globalisation and emergent ideological, sociocultural and educational trends. It begins with a review of the recent developments in English language education in each of the countries, the ostensible reasons for English language education and the ideological issues contributing to the recent English language education initiatives. This is followed by a discussion and a critique of the common trends and themes manifested in the three countries’ recent initiatives to reform and improve English language education. The article concludes with a number of policy recommendations for English language education in East Asia and other countries, where English does not have an institutional role to play.
TL;DR: The defect photoluminescence from TiO2 nanoparticles in the anatase phase is reported for nanosheets which expose predominantly (001) surfaces and compared to that from conventional anatase nanoparticles which expose mostly (101) surfaces as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The defect photoluminescence from TiO2 nanoparticles in the anatase phase is reported for nanosheets which expose predominantly (001) surfaces and compared to that from conventional anatase nanoparticles which expose mostly (101) surfaces. Also reported is the weak defect photoluminescence of TiO2 nanotubes, which we find using electron backscattered diffraction to consist of walls which expose (110) and (100) facets. The nanotubes exhibit photoluminescence that is blue-shifted and much weaker than that from conventional TiO2 nanoparticles. Despite the preponderance of (001) surfaces in the nanosheet samples, they exhibit photoluminescence similar to that of conventional nanoparticles. We assign the broad visible photoluminescence of anatase nanoparticles to two overlapping distributions: hole trap emission associated with oxygen vacancies on (101) exposed surfaces, which peaks in the green, and a broader emission extending into the red which results from electron traps on undercoordinated titanium atoms,...
TL;DR: This symposium comprised five oral presentations dealing with recent findings on Mn-related cognitive and motor changes from epidemiological studies across the life span, highlighting the usefulness of functional neuroimaging of the central nervous system to evaluate cognitive as well as motor deficits in Mn-exposed welders.
Abstract: This symposium comprised five oral presentations dealing with recent findings on Mn-related cognitive and motor changes from epidemiological studies across the life span. The first contribution highlighted the usefulness of functional neuroimaging of the central nervous system (CNS) to evaluate cognitive as well as motor deficits in Mn-exposed welders. The second dealt with results of two prospective studies in Mn-exposed workers or welders showing that after decrease of Mn exposure the outcome of reversibility in adverse CNS effects may differ for motor and cognitive function and, in addition the issue of plasma Mn as a reliable biomarker for Mn exposure in welders has been addressed. The third presentation showed a brief overview of the results of an ongoing study assessing the relationship between environmental airborne Mn exposure and neurological or neuropsychological effects in adult Ohio residents living near a Mn point source. The fourth paper focused on the association between blood Mn and neurodevelopment in early childhood which seems to be sensitive to both low and high Mn concentrations. The fifth contribution gave an overview of six studies indicating a negative impact of excess environmental Mn exposure from air and drinking water on children's cognitive performance, with special attention to hair Mn as a potential biomarker of exposure. These studies highlight a series of questions about Mn neurotoxicity with respect to cognitive processes, forms and routes of exposure, adequate biomarkers of exposure, gender differences, susceptibility and exposure limits with regard to age.
TL;DR: The authors argue that not all affective states should be called emotion, that emotions that may be biologically innate are different than those that are not, and that different domains of emotion are more relatively influenced by biology or culture.
Abstract: In this article, the authors integrate the seemingly disparate literature on culture and emotion by offering a biocultural model of emotion that offers three premises heretofore not introduced in the literature: (1) emotions need to be distinguished from other affective phenomena, (2) different types of emotions exist, and (3) within any emotion different domains can be studied. Previous controversies have occurred because writers have called all affective states “emotion” without regard to the type or domain of emotion sampled. The authors argue that not all affective states should be called emotion, that emotions that may be biologically innate are different than those that are not, and that different domains of emotion are more relatively influenced by biology or culture. The authors offer researchers a terminology—biological versus cultural emotions, Priming Reactions, Subjective Experience, and Emotional Meanings—provide hypotheses concerning the relative contributions of biology and culture, review ...
TL;DR: The Canadian Cluster Comparison Project (CCP) as mentioned in this paper is a multi-wavelength survey targeting 50 massive X-ray selected clusters of galaxies to examine baryonic tracers of cluster mass and to probe the cluster-to-cluster variation in the thermal properties of the hot intracluster medium.
Abstract: The Canadian Cluster Comparison Project is a comprehensive multi-wavelength survey targeting 50 massive X-ray selected clusters of galaxies to examine baryonic tracers of cluster mass and to probe the cluster-to-cluster variation in the thermal properties of the hot intracluster medium. In this paper we present the weak lensing masses, based on the analysis of deep wide-field imaging data obtained using the CanadaFrance-Hawaii-Telescope. The final sample includes two additional clusters that were located in the field-of-view. We take these masses as our reference for the comparison of cluster properties at other wavelengths. In this paper we limit the comparison to published measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect. We find that this signal correlates well with the projected lensing mass, with an intrinsic scatter of 12±5% at � r2500, demonstrating it is an excellent proxy for cluster mass.
Academia Sinica1, Johns Hopkins University2, California Institute of Technology3, Spanish National Research Council4, University of Copenhagen5, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile6, European Southern Observatory7, Michigan State University8, San Francisco State University9, Space Telescope Science Institute10, National Taiwan University11, INAF12, Max Planck Society13, University of the Basque Country14, University College London15, Ikerbasque16, Leiden University17, Carnegie Institution for Science18, Ohio State University19, University of California, San Diego20
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived an accurate mass distribution of the galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (z = 0.439) from a combined weak-lensing distortion, magnification, and stronglensing analysis of wide-field Subaru BVR_c I_cz' imaging and our recent 16-band Hubble Space Telescope observations taken as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble program.
Abstract: We derive an accurate mass distribution of the galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (z = 0.439) from a combined weak-lensing distortion, magnification, and strong-lensing analysis of wide-field Subaru BVR_c I_cz' imaging and our recent 16-band Hubble Space Telescope observations taken as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble program. We find good agreement in the regions of overlap between several weak- and strong-lensing mass reconstructions using a wide variety of modeling methods, ensuring consistency. The Subaru data reveal the presence of a surrounding large-scale structure with the major axis running approximately northwest-southeast (NW-SE), aligned with the cluster and its brightest galaxy shapes, showing elongation with a ~2:1 axis ratio in the plane of the sky. Our full-lensing mass profile exhibits a shallow profile slope dln Σ/dln R ~ –1 at cluster outskirts (R ≳ 1 Mpc h ^(–1)), whereas the mass distribution excluding the NW-SE excess regions steepens farther out, well described by the Navarro-Frenk-White form. Assuming a spherical halo, we obtain a virial mass M_(vir) = (1.1 ± 0.2 ± 0.1) × 10^(15) M_☉ h^(–1) and a halo concentration c_(vir) = 6.9 ± 1.0 ± 1.2 (c_(vir) ~ 5.7 when the central 50 kpc h^(–1) is excluded), which falls in the range 4 ≾ (c)≾ 7 of average c(M, z) predictions for relaxed clusters from recent Λ cold dark matter simulations. Our full-lensing results are found to be in agreement with X-ray mass measurements where the data overlap, and when combined with Chandra gas mass measurements, they yield a cumulative gas mass fraction of 13.7^(+4.5)_(–3.0%) at 0.7 Mpc h^(–1)(≈1.7 r_(2500)), a typical value observed for high-mass clusters.