Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 1969"
TL;DR: This paper argued that changes in methods and aims of foreign language curricula are shaped primarily by forces outside th field of language teaching and even of education and that the curriculum reflects the changing values of society, and changes in subject matter in turn influence content as well as method.
Abstract: its advanced placement, especially in methodology and goals. Both levels influence each other if they have conferences which are freely attended and participated in by both sides. Perhaps Politzer is essentially correct when he says that changes in methods and aims of foreign language curricula are shaped primarily by forces outside th field of language teaching and even of education. The curriculum reflects the changing values of society, and changes in subject matter in turn influence content as well as method.'
394 citations
TL;DR: For instance, the student-teacher ratio is one to one, while at the Defense Language Institute, there is an eight to one ratio as discussed by the authors, which is a significant improvement over the traditional one-to-one ratio.
Abstract: titude towards second language learning. In a doctoral dissertation published in 1958, Miele reported that of all our official American representatives abroad, only one in thirty could speak the language of the host country.' Many people have suggested that the current school curriculum in second language learning could be made dramatically more effective if all schools would imitate the Berlitz school or the Defense Language Institute. This may be true, but the effectiveness of Berlitz or the Defense Language Institute could be a function of ancillary factors rather than the curriculum. Some of these ancillary factors are the student-teacher ratio, motivation, student aptitude, and time. At Berlitz, for instance, the student-teacher ratio is one to one, while at the Defense Language Institute, there is an eight to one ratio. Contrast that with the usual school setting in which there is a twenty-five to one studentteacher ratio.
389 citations
136 citations
Book•
01 Jan 196978 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis was made of the foraminiferal paleoecology of the middle Tertiary in wells of the San Joaquin Basin, California, and thirteen biofacies were established for the recognition of thirteen paleobathymetric zones between depths of 0 and more than 6000 feet.
Abstract: An analysis was made of the foraminiferal paleoecology of the middle Tertiary in wells of the San Joaquin Valley, California. This province, which represents the southern half of the Great Valley of California, is bounded on the east by the Sierra Nevada, on the south by the Tehachapi Mountains, on the west by the Coast Ranges, and on the north it joins the Sacramento Valley near Stockton. The marine basin of this study is known as the San Joaquin Basin, and it is located in the southern half of the San Joaquin Valley.
Thirteen biofacies are established for the recognition of thirteen paleobathymetric zones between depths of 0 and more than 6000 feet. In the Oligocene and lower Miocene, maximum water depths of the marine basin were abyssal, in excess of 6000 feet; basin filling brought about a decrease to lower bathyal depths during the middle Miocene; rapid sedimentation during the later Miocene resulted in shoaling of the basin to neritic depths in latest Miocene and Pliocene. Most of the better zonal index species are bathyal or lower neritic types; those with the longest stratigraphic ranges appear to be the abyssal and upper neritic assemblages.
The primary deep-water connection between the San Joaquin Basin and oceanic waters to the west was consistently at the southwestern corner of the basin across the San Andreas fault. Evidence for this is the continuous dominance of deep-water facies in the southern part of the basin extending westward to the San Andreas fault. Further support is to be seen in the restriction of planktonic foraminiferal facies and radiolarians to the southern areas. Frequencies of planktonic foraminiferans are generally greatest in the southern area near the San Andreas fault, showing decreasing values away from the San Andreas fault around the southern part of the basin in a counterclockwise direction. This pattern indicates that the principal oceanic current entered the basin across the San Andreas fault and moved in a counterclockwise pattern during most of the middle Tertiary. Biofacies to the west of the San Andreas fault do not generally indicate a continuation of deep-water conditions there; right-lateral movements on the San Andreas fault have probably moved the western continuation of these deep-water basin facies far to the north.
A comparison of subsidence and sedimentation rates shows about subequal rates at first in the Oligocene, somewhat greater rates of deposition than subsidence during most of the Miocene, and far greater rates of deposition than subsidence in the later Miocene. Throughout the middle Tertiary various tectonic blocks within the San Joaquin Basin apparently moved independently and continuously.
More than 5000 cubic miles of rock represent the marine sediment deposited in the San Joaquin Basin during the middle Tertiary stages. Of this amount, more than 4000 cubic miles were deposited in depths of water greater than 300 feet, and most of the oil produced in the basin comes from these strata.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of the minicourse model in changing student teacher behavior and the effects of the microteaching format and use of videotape feedback within this model were evaluated.
Abstract: The goals of this study were to determine the effectiveness of the minicourse model in changing student Teacher behavior and to estimate the effects of the microteaching format and use of videotape feedback within this model. Feedback and practice in the microteaching format were manipulated with four groups of student teachers while a fifth group served as a control.Eleven behaviors were scored for the four treatment groups on pre-course and post-course videotapes. Eighteen of the resulting comparisons were significant beyond the . 01 level and three beyond the . 05 level in the desired direction. Three of the eleven control group gains were significant at the . 05 level. Treatment groups hat did not receive videotape feedback and did not practice in the microteaching format were not significantly different than groups that did.
42 citations
TL;DR: Chromosomes were analyzed from 282 field captured and 76 laboratory specimens of the Western Harvest Mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis, and the supernumerary chromosomes found in this species varied from 0 to 7 causing a variation in diploid number of from 42 to 49 with the modal class being 2n=44.
Abstract: Chromosomes were analyzed from 282 field captured and 76 laboratory specimens of the Western Harvest Mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis. The supernumerary chromosomes found in this species varied from 0 to 7 causing a variation in diploid number of from 42 to 49 with the modal class being 2n=44. The relative frequency of various numbers varied between populations, which were taken from Arizona, California, Nebraska, New Mexico and Utah. Laboratory breeding experiments and cytological evidence indicate differences in the rate of non-disjunction is responsible for interpopulational variation. A hypothesis is suggested to explain this variation as it relates to the evolution and zoogeography of the species.
38 citations
TL;DR: However, the literature dealing with motor learning has been concerned almost exclusively with partial rather than total physical responses as discussed by the authors, and the work that comes closest to ours is usually done with tasks which involve parts of the body -the receptors and effectors-as illustrated in display-control problems (i.e., tracking).
Abstract: However, the literature dealing with motor learning (Adams, 1964; Bilodeau & Bilodeau, 1961; Noble, 1968) has been concerned almost exclusively with partial rather than total physical responses. For example, research in motor learning is usually done with tasks which involve parts of the body -the receptors and effectors-as illustrated in display-control problems (i.e., tracking). The work that comes closest to
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed field study of a thin sequence of Middle Pennsylvanian rocks in central Colorado indicates that juvenile fusulinids were occasionally swept into water as shallow as 4 meters, but that few survived to maturity in water with a depth less than 13 meters.
Abstract: Detailed field study of a thin sequence of Middle Pennsylvanian rocks in central Colorado indicates that juvenile fusulinids were occasionally swept into water as shallow as 4 meters, but that few survived to maturity in water with a depth less than 13 meters. These depth figures are based upon: (1) knowledge of the position of the shore of maximum transgression, (2) knowledge of the form of the surface upon which marine beds representing the maximum transgression were deposited, and (3) the conclusion that distribution of many faunal and floral groups in central Colorado was controlled by factors directly affected by depth.
23 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: Cross-cultural differences in personality traits and in the prevalence, incidence, and etiology of various forms of psychopathology are demonstrated specially between Anglo-Americans and persons with Latin-American cultural backgrounds.
Abstract: PIDEMIOLOGICAL, diagnostic-comparative, and anthropological field studies Ehave demonstrated cross-cultural differences in personality traits and in the prevalence, incidence, and etiology of various forms of psychopathology. (See, for example: Benedict, 1958; Cohen, 1961; Moffson, 1954; Opler, 1959; and Tooth, 1950.) A number of investigations have been conducted concerning such differences specially between Anglo-Americans and persons with Latin-American cultural backgrounds. (Abel and Calabresi, 1951; Jaco, 1959; Kaplan, 1954, 1955, 1956; Lewis, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1961, 1964; Meadow and Stoker, 1965; Meadow, Stoker, and Zurcher, 1967; and Stoker, 1963.)
TL;DR: Cryptographic techniques which can be used to maintain the confidentiality of information processed by computers are dealt with.
Abstract: Cryptographic techniques which can be used to maintain the confidentiality of information processed by computers are dealt with. Special emphasis is paid to the unique characteristics of computer files that make many cryptographic methods of little use. Relative security, costs, and preferred methods are included in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the torsion-Langmuir and Torsioneffusion methods were used to study the sublimation characteristics of oriented single-crystal and powdered lead selenide.
Abstract: The torsion-Langmuir and torsion-effusion methods, respectively, were used to study the sublimation characteristics of oriented single-crystal and powdered lead selenide. Analysis of the data showed that the sublimation coefficient is unity over the experimental range. From combined free-surface and equilibrium data the expression for the sublimation pressure of PbSe from 887° to 1052°K was found to be log P(atm) =- (1.226±0.015) 104/T+(8.163±0.154), where T is the absolute temperature and the errors are standard deviations. Third-law calculations of the heat of sublimation at 298°K gave 55.66±0.20 kcal/mol PbSe.
TL;DR: The cost of fencing a farm was a constant discussion and complaint in American agricultural circles in the second half of the nineteenth century as discussed by the authors, and the prosaic topic appeared continually during the period 1850 to 1880 in agricultural journals, state agricultural bulletins, and annual reports of the Federal Commissioner of Agriculture.
Abstract: The cost of fencing the farm was a topic of constant discussion and complaint in American agricultural circles in the second half of the nineteenth century This prosaic topic appeared continually during the period 1850 to 1880 in agricultural journals, state agricultural bulletins, and annual reports of the Federal Commissioner of Agriculture.
14 May 1969
TL;DR: There is good reason to assume that organized crime and industrial spies have, or will have, the knowledge and the financial resources necessary to acquire and misuse the information in most systems now being considered, including the tapping of communication lines.
Abstract: The use of systems of secret communications as an economical method to increase the security of confidential computerized files has stimulated much interest. Just recently during Congressman Gallagher's Congressional hearings on privacy, it was repeatedly suggested that cryptographic-type protection should be used for data communication lines and storage of confidential information in order to make eavesdropping an extremely difficult task. Today, one finds the very nature of computerized information systems actually facilitates its unlawful reproduction and transmission to anyone with the tools and know-how. Unlike information which is stored with scrambling techniques, information stored in clear form requires no sophisticated technology, nor complex deciphering systems for either decoding or dissemination. More importantly, there is good reason to assume that organized crime and industrial spies have, or will have, the knowledge and the financial resources necessary to acquire and misuse the information in most systems now being considered, including the tapping of communication lines. Finally, once a piece of information is lost, its original confidentiality can never be regained. Since information which has previously been scattered among several rather protected and widespread sources is being collected into one place, wholesale theft of information is very likely to become a continuing fact of life for the American public.
TL;DR: A series of multi-solution anagrams, designed to improve on previously used anagram tasks, were standardized on 870 college students, and a table of solution-word frequencies is presented.
Abstract: A series of multi-solution anagrams, designed to improve on previously used anagram tasks, were standardized on 870 college students. A table of solution-word frequencies is presented. Correlational data pertinent to the use of these anagrams are also given.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: It may be argued that X can be persuaded of B, given that he knows A, without informing him of any new contingent truths, despite the fact that in some proposed formal system, A implies B.
Abstract: Any attempt to characterize formally the set of sentences which a given person X knows to be true probably requires a certain amount of idealization. For the fact that he knows A to be true and knows B to be true can, one hopes, be determined by some kind of empirical investigation. If so, these facts are stubborn and irreducible, and X may know A but not B despite the fact that in some proposed formal system, A implies B. Still, it may be argued that X can be persuaded of B, given that he knows A, without informing him of any new contingent truths. For example, B may simply be a logical consequence of A, or it may follow, given certain other assumptions about knowledge which are held to be true of rational knowers.
TL;DR: Five-year-old kindergarten children were taken through a successive discrimination task to which they could respond correctly either on the basis of number or color, and it was concluded that if S s can respond to the number dimension in a very simple task, they will transfer successfully to the same Dimension in a task which is too difficult without the preswitch practice.
TL;DR: 15 blinded Western toads, Bufos boreas, exhibited significantly less closed-field locomotor activity than those with normal vision, and it was postulated that this decrease in activity was due to the toad's lack of an optimum arousal level.
Abstract: 15 blinded Western toads, Bufos boreas, exhibited significantly less closed-field locomotor activity than those (n = 15) with normal vision. It was postulated that this decrease in activity was due to the toad's lack of an optimum arousal level.
TL;DR: In this article, the prediction of Estes' generalized statistical learning theory was verified in a condition in which probability of reinforcement was a noncontingent, linear, periodic function of trials.
Abstract: The prediction of Estes’ generalized statistical learning theory was verified in a condition in which probability of reinforcement was a noncontingent, linear, periodic function of trials. A strong “probability tracking” effect in which the mean response function approximated the reinforcing event function with a constant tracking “lag” was obtained as expected. An estimate of the stimulus sampling ratio, a parameter of theoretical importance, was obtained from the data.
TL;DR: The electrical potentials obtained from Musca domestica L. heart by means of suction electrodes have been examined and frequently show spikelike components associated with a slow wave.
Abstract: The electrical potentials obtained from Musca domestica L. heart by means of suction electrodes have been examined. Under the experimental conditions these potentials are variable and frequently show spikelike components associated with a slow wave. The variability is not limited to a single heart segment or dependent upon the applied techniques of heart exposure or to the presence of the thorax, viscera, or alary muscle. Variability can exist in 1 segment independent of the frequency, amplitude, and contour of the potential in the adjacent segment.
Abstract: St~mnzary.-The purpose of this experiment was to examine personnel test performance at conventional and extreme illumination levels. Illumination levels of 1.0, 3.5, 50, and 400 ft-c. were used under conditions controlled for temperature and glare. The tests used were Forms A, B, I and I1 of the Wonderlic Personnel Test. 45 freshmen college students were administered different and systematically varied forms of the test at each illumination level. After the scores were equated to one form of the test, it was concluded that no differences in performance on the rest were associated with illumination levels above 3.5 ft-c. Following the Civil Rights Act of October, 1964, there has been a steadily increasing concern for the fairness of the use of psychological employment tests. One condition of fairness is the adequacy of the conditions under which the test is administered. A recent survey of testing practices in the San Francisco Bay Area, found a considerable variation in illumination levels in the various testing facilities and raised the question of the relation of illumination to test performance (Rusmore, 1968). There is a current trend toward recommending high intensities on the assumption that more illumination is much better than less (Crouch, 1958). The determination of minimum or optimum levels, a concern of Tinker (1947), Blackwell (1959), and Simonson and Brozek (1948) has not been a matter of continuing interest. Nor has any of the research been directly concerned with the relation of illumination intensity to test performance. The present study was designed to examine test performance at conventional and extreme intensity levels.
TL;DR: In this article, the Burke-Estes probabilistic discrimination model was verified in a situation in which reinforcement probabilities varied from 0.90 to 1.10 on alternate trials.
Abstract: Predictions of the Burke-Estes probabilistic discrimination model were verified in a situation in which reinforcement probabilities varied from.90 to.10 on alternate trials. Fifty college student Ss were able to discriminate between the stimulus traces of reinforcing events of preceding trials in a two-choice light guessing situation. The.90-.10 probabilistic alternation pattern was about three times more difficult to learn than a “pure” 1.00-.00 alternation pattern, based on estimates of the discrimination parameter from the data.