Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 1970"
TL;DR: A TENTATIVE HYPOTHESIS ADVANCED CONCERNING the RELATIONS AMONG AROUSAL, ACCIDENTS, and DRIVER BEHAVIOR is discussed and a TENTative HYpOTHESis ADVANCed in the RELATION MATRIX is discussed.
Abstract: LACK OF ALERTNESS IN MONOTONOUS WORK SITUATIONS MAY RESULT FROM LOWERED AROUSAL INDUCED BY RESTRICTED AND REPETITIVE STIMULATION. LINE DRIVING IS HELD TO BE MONOTONOUS IN THIS SENSE, HENSE, LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A DRIVER'S RESISTANCE TO MONOTONY SHOULD PREDICT HIS ACCIDENT RECORD. A HIGHLY REPETITIVE, 42-MIN. PACED TASK WAS PERFORMED UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS BY 20 TRUCK DRIVERS. SELF-REPORTS ON MONOTONY SUSCEPTIBILITY, INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES, AND PEER RATINGS WERE OBTAINED. SUPERVISORY RATINGS, TRAFFIC CONVICTIONS, AND OBJECTIVE SUPERVISORY RATINGS, TRAFFIC CONVICTIONS, AND OBJECTIVE DRIVING MEASURES WERE OBTAINED. SUPERVISORY RATINGS, TRAFFIC CONVICTIONS, AND OBJECTIVE DRIVING MEASURES WERE CRITERIA IN ADDITION TO ACCIDENT RECORDS. ACCIDENTS OF ONE TYPE WERE PREDICTED BY TASK ERRORS. OTHER RELATIONS IN THE CORRELATION MATRIX ARE DISCUSSED AND A TENTATIVE HYPOTHESIS ADVANCED CONCERNING THE RELATIONS AMONG AROUSAL, ACCIDENTS, AND DRIVER BEHAVIOR. /HSL/
47 citations
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray powder diffraction data have been used to show that realgar synthesized directly from arsenic and sulfur exists in the high temperature β phase, which is metastable at room temperature, and the observed stability of β realgar relative to decomposition to As2S3 was greater than that reported in the literature for α realgar.
35 citations
TL;DR: A whole-body plethysmographic technique was developed and then used to detect experimentally induced asthma in guinea pigs and to assess pharmacological treatments of allergic and classically conditioned attacks.
Abstract: A whole-body plethysmographic technique was developed and then used to detect experimentally induced asthma in guinea pigs and to assess pharmacological treatments of allergic and classically conditioned attacks. Inhalation of a beta adrenergic compound (isoproterenol) controlled both forms of attack. Atropine and methscopolamine, parasympathetic blocking agents, prevented conditional but not allergic attacks; diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, prevented allergic attacks; and methysergide, which blocks serotonin (which is believed to trigger human asthma), prevented neither. The guinea pig's allergic reaction is probably the result of a bronchospasm induced by histamine released in tissue of the airway by a local combination of allergen and antibody. The conditional attack is believed to be a constriction of the airway mediated by parasympathetic fibers of central origin.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that with physical proximity held constant, an assigned approval-seeking role will enhance eye contact behavior while the opposite effects will follow from an assignment of approval-avoiding role.
Abstract: In support of the hypothesis that interpersonal proximity may operate as an instrumental affiliative act, Rosenfeld (1965) found that subjects assigned an approval-seeking role sat significantly closer to a confederate than did subjects assigned an approval-avoiding role. The present study was designed to determine whether, with physical proximity held constant, the effects of such role inductions might be manifested in another response mode—eye-contact (EC) behaviour. This possibility is suggested by Argyle & Dean's (1965) Affiliative Conflict Theory which states that when one means of regulating intimacy in a social encounter (e.g. adjustment of physical proximity) is not available, the affiliative intentions of interactants should be expressed in other behaviours (e.g. eye-contact). Thus the specific purpose of this study was to test the proposition that with physical proximity held constant, an assigned approval-seeking role will enhance EC while the opposite effects will follow from an assigned approval-avoiding role.
29 citations
TL;DR: The most important finding of this study was a significant (P Probable mediating physiologic mechanisms are discussed to explain this finding) finding that chronic physical exercise lowered serum uric acid 0.3 to 3.2 mg/100 ml in 80 percent of the subjects in the athletic and training groups.
Abstract: The effects of eight weeks of chronic physical exercise (training) on serum sodium urate concentration were investigated. Thirty normal, healthy male college students, aged 18 to 29, comprised the sample. Ten students were extremely active (athletic group), 10 were moder ately active participants in a physical education class (training group) and 10 were relatively sedentary (control group). Serum sodium urate concentration and a physical fitness index (modified Harvard step test) were measured at the beginning, periodically during an eight week training period and after a four week “deconditioning” period. Pre-experimental correlation coefficients between serum uric acid levels and age, height, weight, body surface area, resting heart rate and fitness index were low (0.003 to 0.214) and not significant statistically. It was also found that chronic physical exercise lowered serum uric acid 0.3 to 3.2 mg/100 ml in 80 percent of the subjects in the athletic and training groups, particularly in those healthy persons with values of 7.0 to 8.5 mg/100 ml. The most important finding of this study was a significant (P Probable mediating physiologic mechanisms are discussed to explain this finding. Practical implications are also discussed in view of the association between serum uric acid, gout and coronary artery disease and the uncertain effect of chronic exercise (training) on serum sodium urate concentration.
28 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that, under optimum testing conditions, the mean thresholds for rotation about the three major body axes are essentially the same, but that the threshold about any one body axis does not predict the thresholds about the other two.
Abstract: This report presents two experiments concerned with man's sensitivity to angular acceleration about his three major body axes. The purpose of the study was to determine thresholds for accelerations about the x, y, and z axes. The thresholds of 22 normal men were established for the three axes using a precision rotation device. The angular accelerations were ordered using a random, forced choice, double-staircase procedure. It was found that mean thresholds for the three axes were not significantly different and that for each of the three axes the range of individual thresholds was substantial. Intercorrelations among the three thresholds were not simificantly different from zero. It was concluded that, under optimum testing conditions, the mean thresholds for rotation about the three major body axes are essentially the same, but that the threshold about any one body axis does not predict the threshold about the other two.
25 citations
TL;DR: The Simple Continued Fraction Expansion of e.g., this article, is an extension of the e.i.d. expansion of E.e.d., and it is a simple continued fraction expansion.
Abstract: (1970). The Simple Continued Fraction Expansion of e. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 9, pp. 968-974.
22 citations
TL;DR: Replicating molecules on primordial earth, suggesting chemical evolution on Jupiter via demonstrable alpha-aminonitriles synthesis through demonstrablealpha-amin on Jupiter synthesis is suggested.
Abstract: Replicating molecules on primordial earth, suggesting chemical evolution on Jupiter via demonstrable alpha-aminonitriles synthesis
20 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: A body of literature is growing in psychology which deals with how a person relates to the time dimension of life and the inevitability of his own demise as discussed by the authors, which has been the object of considerable psychological interest.
Abstract: A BODY of literature is growing in psychology which deals with how a person relates to the time dimension of life and the inevitability of his own demise. Through many centuries time and death have been of great concern to philosophers. In recent years, philosophical and physical conceptions of time and death have been joined by much psychological investigation and theory in those areas. Wallace and Rabin (1960), in their definitive bibliography, collected some 159 essay and research sources relating to time perception and perspective. With respect to the latter focus, Wallace (1954) introduced the concepts of future time extension (length of future time span) and coherence (degree of organization of future time and its contents) into his own work. In 1959 Kastenbaum logically and factorially analyzed four dimensions of time: extension (future duration or range), coherence (degree of organization), density (number and frequency of anticipated future events) and directionality (sense and purposefulness of movement). The problem of death has likewise received extensive religious and philosophical examination and recently has been the object of considerable psychological interest. At various times, Freud held three views about death. One was that fear of death was derived from castration anxiety (Freud, 1960). Second, he acknowledged that man, in a hypocritical way, suppresses the necessity to face death (Freud, 1915), and third he finally conceptualized the death instinct in man’s psyche (Freud, 1960). Another source of concern about death, both philosophically and psychologically, stems from existentialist writings. For example, Heidegger, Sartre, and Camus among others convey the impression that modem man is “rediscovering” death. Except for a few early studies (Bromberg and Schilder, 1933, 1936), empirical investigations into attitudes toward death have been quite recent in origin. Without doubt the most comprehensive treatise in the area is Feifel’s (1959) The Meaning of Death, in which extensive theoretical, developmental, clinical, experimental, cultural and religious information and research are discussed. In his overview in this volume, Gardner Murphy notes at least seven different aspects of death attitudes: death merely as natural end, death as fear of loss of consciousness and mastery, plus fears of loneliness, of the unknown, of punishment, of failure, and finally death in terms of worry over the future of one’s dependents.
TL;DR: The oxidant concentration in polluted air is strongly dependent on the destruction rate and the mean destruction rate within the surface layer depends directly on the intensity of eddy mixing and inversely on the square of the depth of the vertical mixing as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The oxidant concentration in the air over the San Francisco Bay Area and the Pacific Ocean was measured up to an altitude of 2500 m and the observed distribution in the vertical and horizontal has been related to the characteristics and behavior of the west coast temperature inversion. Vertical time sections at fixed points and vertical cross sections were constructed of oxidant concentration, temperature, humidity and winds measured from aircraft and radar. The oxidant concentration in polluted air is strongly dependent on the destruction rate. The mean destruction rate within the surface layer depends directly on the intensity of eddy mixing and inversely on the square of the depth of the vertical mixing. Thus, the existence of a temperature inversion does not necessarily lead to a high concentration of oxidants, since the destruction rate may be high in a shallow mixing layer. The highest oxidant concentration was observed almost invariably at the edges of the west coast marine inversion, where pollutants are available for ozone production and the mixing layer is deep. Explanations are offered for the maxima of ozone that often occur above the inversion base. Distribution patterns of oxidants clearly depict the waving of the inversion layer. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970.tb00499.x
TL;DR: In this paper, the sublimation coefficient of tin selenide is essentially 1 from 726° to 975°K and the third-law ΔH208 was 52.5±0.3 kcal/mol SnSe.
Abstract: Free-surface and equilibrium sublimation pressure measurements indicate that the sublimation coefficient of tin selenide is essentially 1 from 726° to 975°K. Torsion-Langmuir measurements from 726° to 879°K gave the following expression for the free-surface pressure: log P (atm) = (7.021°0.161)-(1.036°0.013)104/T. The third-law heat of sublimation calculated from these results was 51.5±0.3 kcal/mol SnSe. Similar treatment of the equilibrium pressures obtained by the torsion-effusion method from 789° to 975°K gave the following least-squares expression: log P (atm) = (7.473±0.133)-(1.069±0.012) 104/T. The third-law ΔH208 was 52.8±0.5 kcal/mol.
TL;DR: The Q by Q Interview (QBE) as mentioned in this paper is an interview format that requires the interviewer to make a series of selection decisions instead of waiting until the end of the interview to make the global rating.
Abstract: Since the evidence has shown that the usual selection interview is unreliable, an alternate strategy was developed called the Q by Q Interview. The Q by Q format requires the interviewer to make a series of selection decisions instead of the usual procedure of waiting until the end of the interview to make a global rating. In 3 selection problems the Q by Q Interview resulted in high interrater reliability and in 3 other selection situations, reliability was low. An analysis of the raters' decision making indicated that when applicant responses were similar, there was range restriction which produced spuriously low reliability coefficients.
TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium and free surface sublimation pressures of bismuth telluride were determined by the torsion−effusion and torsionslangmuir techniques, respectively.
Abstract: The equilibrium and free surface sublimation pressures of bismuth telluride were determined by the torsion‐effusion and torsion‐Langmuir techniques, respectively. Based on a least‐square fit, the expression for the equilibrium pressure in the temperature range of 722°–828°K was found to be: , where is the absolute temperature and the given uncertainties are the standard deviations. A similar treatment of the results of free surface pressure over basal plane oriented single crystals gave the following expression for the apparent total pressure in the temperature range of 741°–793°K: . Assuming the sublimation reaction , average third‐law enthalpies and activation enthalpies of sublimation at 298°K were found to be , respectively. Calculated values of the sublimation coefficient varied from 0.14 at 722°K to 0.39 at 828°K.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the FPH does account for a majority of perceptions of finger drawings, and there was significantly greater congruence in the posterior locus.
Abstract: The study examined 103 Ss' perceptions of finger drawings on the forehead and back of the head. The purpose was to test a hypothesized sex difference and the effect of locus in the degree of congruence with the Frontal Plane Hypothesis (FPH): “Symbols drawn upon anterior or posterior surfaces of the body are perceived as if they were drawn and viewed by S upon one common, transparent two-dimensional surface projected out in front of S” (Duke, 1966, p. 305). Four symbols (⌈,⌉, ⊂, ⊃) were traced on the foreheads and backs of heads of 103 Ss. The results indicate that the FPH does account for a majority of perceptions of finger drawings. No significant sex difference was obtained, but there was significantly greater congruence in the posterior locus.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of dynamic synthesis of a slider-crank mechanism to meet specified velocity conditions at three design points including the inertia effects of the masses of the main links is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a technique utilizing a non-mechanical testing probe has been examined for use in quality control of densely wired miniaturized circuits, which uses a scanning electron beam, is highly efficient and accurate, and reduces the time of testing from hours to seconds.
Abstract: A technique utilizing a non-mechanical testing probe has been examined for use in quality control of densely wired miniaturized circuits. This technique uses a scanning electron beam, is highly efficient and accurate, and reduces the time of testing from hours to seconds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the transient flow problem of subsurface drainage between parallel drains has been solved by the method of Weighted-Residuals, and the assumption of an initial profile is removed in this method.
TL;DR: The most meaningful innovations, the authors feel, in science education have proven to be in the direction of student-centered teaching, which has succeeded in large measure in improving the quality of science education by making an understanding of scientific principles selfattained and therefore more meaningful to the students.
Abstract: In today’s technological society, science education is facing some new and challenging problems. The &dquo;information explosion&dquo; has so increased our basic knowledge of scientific principles that traditional approaches to the teaching of science are no longer appropriate. Along with the information explosion has come the population explosion, from which students are increasing in numbers, much faster than teachers or physical facilities in which to learn. The over-all effect is a degradation of teaching efficiency and efficacy. In recent years many attempts have been made to. improve the quality of science education and thus attempt to alleviate these new problems. The most meaningful innovations, we feel, in science education have proven to be in the direction of student-centered teaching. Since 1959, when the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study began,’ this new concept has sprung up in other fields of science education. All of these innovations in science education use as their basic philosophy the inductive process, whereby the student is presented with a situation or &dquo;chaotic event&dquo; designed to pique his curiosity and induce him to ask questions and seek answers until the event is explained. The important characteristics of this inductive process are 1) the deliberate lack of specific structure in reaching the learning goal, and 2) the open-endedness of the learning situation. All of these innovations have succeeded in large measure in improving the quality of science education by making an understanding of scientific principles selfattained and therefore more meaningful to the students. However, in the inductive learning processes heretofore described many important elements are unavailable to the student. These include the ability to: 1) Manipulate data rapidly 2) Visualize concept relationships readily 3) Make changes in concept relationships of the student’s own choosing, thereby facilitating his learning
TL;DR: A qualitative comparison between the amount of 22Na pumped by unshorted control swatches exposed only to Ringer's solution on the outside corroborated the results obtained when diphenylhydantoin bathed the outside of the short-circuited skin.
TL;DR: The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 manifestly occasioned fundamental adjustments in European strategic considerations as discussed by the authors, which created a potential friend on France's southern frontier, drew the senior, more aggressive dictator, Benito Mussolini, closer to the more recently arrived Adolf Hitler, threatened Great Britain's control of the Mediterranean at Gibraltar, and redirected the focus of international diplomacy.
Abstract: The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 manifestly occasioned fundamental adjustments in European strategic considerations. While few powers had given serious thought to Spain's diplomatic, military, or even geographical importance, the rising produced numerous useful opportunities for Germany. It created a potential friend on France's southern frontier, drew the senior, more aggressive dictator, Benito Mussolini, closer to the more recently arrived Adolf Hitler, threatened Great Britain's control of the Mediterranean at Gibraltar, and redirected the focus of international diplomacy. In order to obtain a position of greater influence within the unstable vector of forces created by the new situation the two dictators had dispatched socalled volunteer military and air formations in support of the rising. While these troops and their equipment were of fundamental value to the Nationalists, their presence forced the participating military high commands to reevaluate carefully their positions and intentions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that the interference of performance by incompatible responses elicited by high emotional arousal that dissipates with time after initial training was attributed to the interference caused by high arousal.
Abstract: Guinea pigs were given shuttlebox avoidance training with one of three different shock intensities. Low shock produced the most rapid acquisition and highest final performance. In a second session, 48 h after the first, there was a marked and immediate increase in performance of low- and medium-shock animals. These results are attributed to the interference of performance by incompatible responses elicited by high emotional arousal that dissipates with time after initial training.
TL;DR: It is indicated that the intracellular potentials from the myocardial cells of the flesh fly can vary in amplitude, rate and duration from cell to cell and within the same cell.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied total price and net outlay for 1,575 used car purchases between 1962 and 1964 and found that when other factors were held constant, there was no statistical difference between used car prices at three separate market outlets.
Abstract: This article studies total price and net outlay for 1,575 used car purchases between 1962 and 1964. The results show that when other factors are held constant, there is no statistical difference between used car prices at three separate market outlets.
TL;DR: The Learning and Behavior Lab Project (LBL) as mentioned in this paper has been used to train both in-service and pre-service personnel in the area of special education in the Santa Clara Unified School District.