Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 1973"
TL;DR: In this article, male and female subjects were placed together in pairs for 10 min to get to know each other and talk about anything they wished, and an experimenter gave the participants false feedback about the amount of gaze between them during the conversation.
44 citations
TL;DR: The branch and bound algorithm was coded in Fortran IV and tested on a number of problems and two lower bounds are developed for the algorithm; one is efficient for small problems while the other is more efficient for larger problems.
Abstract: The problem considered is the location of m sources among n locations m
43 citations
TL;DR: The decision-making performance of 20 married and 20 synthetic couples, all college students, was compared using the Ferreira-Winter Questionnaire technique as discussed by the authors, showing that married couples showed greater spontaneous agreement with each other prior to conjoint discussion, less politeness, more intrusive interruptions, and a lesser exchange of explicit information between husband and wife.
Abstract: The decision-making performance of 20 married and 20 synthetic couples, all college students, was compared using the Ferreira-Winter Questionnaire technique. Married couples showed (a) greater spontaneous agreement with each other prior to conjoint discussion, (b) less politeness, (c) more intrusive interruptions, and (d) a lesser exchange of explicit information between husband and wife. Although married couples arrived at more “democratic” or representative decisions in a faster time, this was due to their greater degree of prior shared values and interests. The effects of the history and context of the relationship between subjects upon their pattern of communication and possible contrasts between normal and abnormal couples are discussed.
39 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the set of vertices, edges and regions of any normal map on the sphere can be admissibly colored with seven colors.
37 citations
01 Jun 1973
TL;DR: Remote sensing of chlorophyll and temperature in marine and fresh waters by spectroradiometer and differential and IR filter radiometers onboard airplane is described in this paper, where the authors present the results of their experiments.
Abstract: Remote sensing of chlorophyll and temperature in marine and fresh waters by spectroradiometer and differential and IR filter radiometers onboard airplane
36 citations
TL;DR: Barber's (1969) task-motivational theory was compared to traditional hypnotic state theory using post-hypnotic amnesia as the dependent variable and permissive-Motivational suggestions of amnesia appeared to be as effective for non- Hypnosis Ss as they were for hypnotic Ss.
Abstract: Barber's (1969) task-motivational theory was compared to traditional hypnotic state theory using post-hypnotic amnesia as the dependent variable. 33 Ss were selected on the basis of a standard hypnotic susceptibility scale, matched and divided equally between three groups; a hypnotic permissive-motivational, a non-hypnotic permissive-motivational, and a control no-suggestions group. The results were as follows: (a) permissive-motivational suggestions of amnesia appeared to be as effective for non-hypnotic Ss as they were for hypnotic Ss; (b) post-hypnotic amnesia as defined in the study was not produced for any of the three groups; (c) low hypnotic susceptible Ss demonstrated, in some cases, a significant difference in performance on the index of experimentally produced amnesia as compared to higher susceptible Ss. These results were considered as further validation of Barber's (1969) task-motivational theory of hypnosis.
31 citations
TL;DR: The central argument of this paper is that the process of explanation as defined by the covering law model of science contains stringent criteria which often cannot be met by communication scientists and that an alternative model for explanation, less powerful but more obtainable-the systems paradigm-ought to be adopted.
Abstract: The central argument of this paper is that the process of explanation as defined by the covering law model of science contains stringent criteria which often cannot be met by communication scientists and that an alternative model for explanation, less powerful but more obtainable-the systems paradigm-ought to be adopted. Four types of explanation are reviewed to provide a context for a discussion of the systems paradigm alternative: Scientific explanations, What-explanations, Mental concept explanations, and Reason-giving explanations.
The covering law and system paradigms are compared and five criteria are established for distinguishing the two explanatory genres. Three major advantages in using the system paradigm are discussed. These include a shift in the particular sets of variables which are selected for study, an increase in the complexity of analysis which may be employed, and the ability to integrate current research into a wider perspective.
The article concludes with a suggestive example of one application of theory construction utilizing the system paradigm. Propositions in small group communication are combined into a system of equations the solution of which shows the dependence of each variable on all of the other variables in the system.
29 citations
29 citations
TL;DR: The overall pattern of results was interpreted as showing no meaningful relationships between sun sign and scores on Communality, Socialization, and Flexibility, and all of the test statistics employed indicated a powerful effect on the Femininity scale.
Abstract: Summary The astrological assumption of personality differences among individuals born under different sun signs was investigated. Significant differences were obtained between sun sign groups on four of the 18 scales of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) as follows: Communality, Socialization, Flexibility, and Femininity. The overall pattern of results based on F ratios, multiple comparisons between means, and estimates of strength of association was interpreted as showing no meaningful relationships between sun sign and scores on Communality, Socialization, and Flexibility. Adopting even the most conservative standards of inference, however, all of the test statistics employed indicated a powerful effect on the Femininity scale. Implications for future research were discussed.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ratio of the concentrations of P700, as measured by oxidized-minus-reduced (also lightminus-dark) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal I, was determined on aliquots of photosystem I spinach subchloroplast particles.
Abstract: — The ratio of the concentrations of P700, as measured by oxidized-minus-reduced (also light-minus-dark) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal I, as measured by EPR spectroscopy, were determined on aliquots of photosystem I spinach subchloroplast particles. The results substantiated a 1:1 ratio with a precision of ±25%. This constitutes correlative evidence that P700 is the molecular source of the EPR signal I.
19 citations
TL;DR: Data tend to support the contention that REM deprivation increases generalized drive, and showed a significant inverse effect on latency but did not have a significant effect on accuracy.
Abstract: The effects of REM sleep deprivation on the performance of rats in a T-maze were measured. Amount of REM deprivation showed a significant inverse effect on latency but did not have a significant effect on accuracy. These data tend to support the contention that REM deprivation increases generalized drive.
TL;DR: The purpose of the present study was to extend the observations of morphological correlates by examining skins under exper imental conditions different f rom those already reported, and to examine, in greater detail, the microfi laments of these epithelial cells.
Abstract: Bioelectric and ion t ranspor t studies have frequent ly utilized the frog skin epi thel ium as an exper imenta l model system (for review see 6, 7, 12). The u l t ras t ruc tura l correlates of postulated ion p u m p mechanisms in this tissue were first apprecia ted by F a r q u h a r and Palade (4). Later o ther workers (1, 15-17) have shown how the size of intercel lular spaces corresponds to rates of ion transport . The purpose of the present study was to extend the observations of morphological correlates by examining skins under exper imental conditions different f rom those already reported. The correspondence of intercel lular spaces and ion transpor t was described by the above workers when the skins were short-circuited, whereas we chose to reexamine the relationship by observing the morphology when open-circuited. Also, we chose to examine, in greater detail, the microfi laments of these epithelial cells. Several exper imenta l findings p rompted us. Ye l tman (19) observed recently tha t when pieces of isolated frog skin were examined a t intervals over a 24 h period in the electron microscope, microfi laments were seen to become increasingly disa r rayed and paral leled the na tu ra l decline of the electrical potent ia l difference. McGui re and M o e l l m a n n (9) have shown tha t cytochalasin B disrupts fi laments in frog skin melanocytes.
TL;DR: In this article, the origins of the Pfeiffer effect are characterized as zero and first order asymmetric transformations, and direct spectroscopic evidence using circular dichroism is presented for both types of transformations.
Abstract: The origins of the Pfeiffer Effect are characterized as zero and first order asymmetric transformations. Direct spectroscopic evidence using circular dichroism is presented for both types of transformations. Based on non-empirical criteria, the circular dichroism spectra obtained from the first order assymmetric transformations are used to characterize the absolute configuration of the enantiomer present in greater concentration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Alum Rock landslide in eastern San Jose, Calif., has contrasts in physical properties; small anomalies were recognized by utilizing probability theory. But the results of the study were limited to a two-layer case.
TL;DR: For 400 years, the oral communicative patterns of black Americans have been considered "substandard," "corrupt," "ungrammatical," and "sloppy" Black people have been accused of "destroying the English language" and of exhibiting pronunciation "errors" related to ignorance and to laziness.
Abstract: The phrases "Black English," "Black Dialect," and "Black Language" are relatively new phenomena For 400 years, the oral communicative patterns of black Americans have been considered "substandard," "corrupt," "ungrammatical," and "sloppy" Black people have been accused of "destroying the English language" and of exhibiting pronunciation "errors" related to ignorance and to laziness Such language patterns were believed to be the primary reason for the lack of economic progress of the black man in America, as the language patterns were considered the "last barrier to integration" (Green, 1963) It was not until 1964 that researchers at the Center for Applied Linguistics recognized the consistency of linguistic patterns in the speech of black individuals They observed that the "nonstandard" patterns of black speech were not accidental, but had a predictable sound pattern, grammatical structure, and vocabulary They were the first to recognize the legitimacy of black speech as a "well-ordered, highlydeveloped linguistic system" used for communication in the
TL;DR: Results from this research appear to be somewhat inconsistent with the hypothesis of a direct relationship between REMd and sensitivity to enviromental scimuli, and further elaboration of these findings seems necessary before such a conclusion is drawn.
Abstract: The object of this research was to explore the suggestion ( 1 ) that there is a positive relationship between Rapid Eye Movement sleep deprivation (REMd) and sensitivity to electric shock in rats. Ss were 8 0 45-day-old Sprague-Dawley albino female rats. Each animal was randomly assigned to one of four REMd conditions, i.e., 0, 24, 48, or 72 hr. REMd was achieved using a method which has been described and validated for rats, against appropriate electrophysiological measures ( 4 ) . The specific apparatus and procedures used here have been derailed elsewhere ( 3 ) . Electric shock was provided by an impedance power supply (250K ohms resistence) routed to a Grayson-Stadler Scrambler (Model E 1064 GSP) connected to a Grayson-Stadler Rat Station (Model E 3125 A-100) that was housed in a I A C Sound attenuated encloser into which a 60-db. white masking noise was introduced. Timing was controlled by an lconix 6061 sequential programmer. Prior to the experiment Ss were handled for 10 min. on each of six days. Ss were placed for 72 hr. into the REMd apparatus for the proscribed control-REMd platform sequence. Then Ss were towel dried, weighed, and placed into the shock apparatus. Shock thresholds were established using a procedure described by Evans ( 2 ) . Each S received eight series of shock: 4 ascending and 4 descending. The first series was always ascending, the remainder were counterbalanced. Potentially each series consisted of 12 1-sec. shocks, i.e., 1.0 ma to 1.20 ma in .I-ma intervals. A 30-sec. inter-shock interval and a GO-sec. inter-series interval were used. Each ascending series was terminated with the second consecutive jump response and conversely each descending series with the second consecutive no response. Responses were judged by two Es, who were naive about the experiment. The mean thresholds for each REMd condition were: 0 hr. = .65, 24 hr. = .98, 48 hr. = 3 0 , and 72 hr. = .81. The differences between these means were significant; F = 4.49 ( d f = 3/76, P < .01). Duncan's multiple-range test of differences between individual treaunent means showed that the 0-hr. REMd condition was significantly lower ( P < .01) than that of any other group and the 24-hr. REMd mean was significantly ( P < .01) higher than that of any other group. These results cannot be explained by differential weight loss (F = 1.87). These data do app?ar to be somewhat inconsistent with the hypothesis of a direct relationship between REMd and sensitivity to enviromental scimuli. However, further elaboration of these findings seems necessary before such a conclusion is drawn.
TL;DR: In this article, a brief synthesis of this radical critique of higher education provides a framework for both collecting and evaluating data on the effect of class bias in higher education in the U.S.
Abstract: system of predominantly white senior colleges and black and brown junior colleges. Yet a reading of the expanding literature documenting the class bias of education in the U. S. , leads one to question whether the further opening up of the university will really equalize opportunity. A brief synthesis of this radical critique of higher education provides a framework for both collecting and evaluating data on the effect of
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss Swedish neutrality in the Crimean War and the myth of Swedish intervention in the Baltic, and present a survey of the history of Swedish neutrality and its application in the Baltics.
Abstract: (1973). The Crimean War, the beginning of strict Swedish neutrality, and the myth of Swedish intervention in the Baltic. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 244-253.
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of the WKB method to internal gravity waves in a compressible fluid with wind shear is studied from the standpoint of dispersion and of the validity of the method.
Abstract: The application of the WKB method to internal gravity waves in a compressible fluid with wind shear is studied from the standpoint of dispersion and of the validity of the method. It is shown that at resonance (the level where the phase speed is Doppler-shifted to zero) the validity is dependent only on the local Richardson number; we accept as the criterion that Ri≳1. The wave attenuation obtained by means of the WKB method is very close to that obtained from the “exact” solution.