Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 1976"
TL;DR: The pronator quadratus was found to be composed of two heads, the superficial head initiates pronation while the deep head coapts the joint surfaces and stabilizes the joint.
Abstract: Based upon the findings of dissections of 15 forearms and clinical observations in patients with disturbed architecture of the distal radioulnar joint, the pronator quadratus was found to be composed of two heads. A superficial head originated from the ulna and passed transversely to its insertion into the radius. It averaged 5.1 cm. in length, 4.5 cm. in width, 0.2 cm. in thickness, with a cross-sectional area of 0.95 cm. 2 and a contractile volume of 2.6 cm. 3 . The deep head ran obliquely from a more proximal origin on the ulna to a distal insertion on the radius, with an average length of 4.0 cm., average width of 3.2 cm., and a thickness of 0.4 cm. Its average cross-sectional area was 1.64 cm. 2 and its contractile volume 2.5 cm. 3 . A group of fibers occasionally was noted deep to both heads, running at right angles to them and paralleling the direction of the fibers of the interosseous membrane. The superficial head initiates pronation while the deep head coapts the joint surfaces and stabilizes the joint.
143 citations
89 citations
TL;DR: The rhetoric of science as discussed by the authors is a popular topic in political speech communication, and it has been studied extensively in the past decade, e.g., the 1970s and 1980s.
Abstract: (1976). The rhetoric of science. Western Speech Communication: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 226-235.
70 citations
TL;DR: Significant associations were found between direction of movemenr and both handedness and sex, and perhaps previous relationships reported between lateral eye movements and patterns of ability should be reevaluated since these results may be confounded byhandedness and/or sex.
Abstract: Since Day ( 3 ) first described lateral eye movement, i.e., the lateral movement of the eyes in response to reflective questions, investigators (1, 2, 9 ) have reported differences in the cognitive abilities of consistent right and left movers which were in general agreement with the differences in ability associated with the functions of the left and right cerebral hemispheres (5, 7, 8 ) . Assuming the validity of the aforementioned relationship, it is surprising to note that both Bakan ( 1 ) and Ecaugh (4 ) reported that direction of lateral eye movement and handedness were unrelated. Further, apparently no one has reported a relationship between direction of lateral eye movemenr and sex. Since both handedness ( 5 ) and sex ( 6 ) have been associated with patterns of abilities that seem to be related to differential functioning of the cerebral hemispheres, it was thought that the relationships between direction of la:eral eye movement and both handedness and sex should be investigated. The subjects were 23 female and 15 male undergraduates, of which 21 considered themselves right-handed and 17 left-handed. Using Bakan's ( 1 ) criteria, 16 of these subjects showed strong right lateral eye movement and 22 showed strong left movement. Significant associations were found between direction of movemenr and both handedness and sex. Specifically 16 of 22 left-movers were right-handed and 1 1 of 16 right-movers were left-handed ( x a = 6.45, p < .025, Phi = .412). In addition, 10 of 16 right-movers were male and 17 of 22 left-movers were female ( X 2 = 6.13, p < .025, Phi = ,402). These findings should be interpreted as identifying variables which require attention in future research on lateral eye movements. If these data are supported, then perhaps previous relationships reported between lateral eye movements and patterns of ability should be reevaluated since these results may be confounded by handedness and/or sex.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Adamantane isolation matrices have been used to determine the structure of radicals produced by room temperature γ-radiolysis of certain selected alkene systems.
Abstract: Adamantane isolation matrices have been used to determine the structure of radicals produced by room temperature γ-radiolysis of certain selected alkene systems. The molecules studied include linear 1-ene homologues, linear 2-ene homologues, 2-methylpropene (2MPr), 2-methylbutene-1 (2MB1), 3-methylbutene-1 (3MB1), 2-methylbutene-2 (2MB2), 2-methylpentene-1 (2MP1), 2-methylpentene-2 (2MP2), 4-methylpentene-2 (4MP2), 2,3-dimethylbutene-2 (DMB2), 3,3-dimethylbutene-1 (33DMB), and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene-1 (TMPE). The general mode of reaction is allylic radical formation, with one isomer predominating, and structures have been either confirmed or assigned for the radicals derived from butene-1, butene-2, 2MPr, 2MB1, 2MB2, 2MP1, 4MP2, DMB2, and a listing of hfsc values have been obtained for each radical studied.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss alternative criteria for measuring effectiveness and analyse potential causes of the finding of no significant differences in the effectiveness of alternative instructional technologies compared to traditional instructional technologies.
Abstract: “No significant differences” is the most frequently quoted conclusion of any survey comparing the effectiveness [1] of alternative instructional technologies [2,3] While this effectiveness conclusion does not differ for the research reported upon in this paper the other purposes of this paper are to discuss alternative criteria for measuring effectiveness and to analyse potential causes of the finding of no significant differences The paper is divided into three major sections In the first section an analysis of the impact of comparability of technologies, organizational factors, student characteristics, and material quality on technology effectiveness is presented The second section is devoted to a description of cognitive (measurements of knowledge gains) and non-cognitive (attitudes and time to complete material) criteria for evaluation The third section contains a summarization of research findings for a variety of technologies including: television, radio, programmed instruction, computer-assisted instruction and effects of alterations in class size, changes in course length, and utilization of graduate students as instructors
16 citations
01 Jul 1976
TL;DR: In this article, extraterrestrial particles collected during U-2 flights in the stratosphere were divided into four groups: chondritic, iron-sulfur-nickel, mafic silicates, and others.
Abstract: Extraterrestrial particles collected during U-2 flights in the stratosphere were divided into four groups: chondritic, iron-sulfur--nickel, mafic silicates, and others. The chondritic aggregates are typically composed of Fe, Mg, Si, C, S, Ca, and Ni. Detectable levels of He-4 implanted from the solar wind occur in some. Olivine, spinel, and possibly pyrrhotite and a hydrated layered-lattice silicate were identified. The chondritic ablation particles contain no sulfur and appear to have been melted. Magnetite, olivine, and pyroxene were identified. The iron-sulfur-nickel type particles resemble meteoritic iron sulfide with a small amount of nickel, and contain magnetite and troilite. The mafic silicate type particles are iron magnesium silicate grains with clumps of chondritic aggregate particles adhering to their surfaces. Olivine and possibly pyrrhotite and pyroxene were identified. Most of the iron-nickel type particles are spherules and include taenite and wustite. The other type particles include nickel-iron mounds on spheroidal glassy-like grains having chondritic-like elemental abundances.
15 citations
TL;DR: The main theorem of this paper states that any tree having at least five vertices can be recovered up to isomorphism from its two point deleted subtrees.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of radiolysis on adamantane-d/sub 16/ and adamantane d/sub16/ containing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solute molecules have been examined via X-band 9.5-GHz and Q-band 35-GHz electron spin resonance at temperatures down to 77/sup 0/K.
Abstract: The effects of ..gamma.. radiolysis on adamantane-d/sub 16/ and adamantane-d/sub 16/ containing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solute molecules have been examined via X-band 9.5-GHz and Q-band 35-GHz electron spin resonance at temperatures down to 77/sup 0/K. Adamantane-d/sub 16/ appears to produce at least two radical species, a fact that cannot be deduced from X-band ESR alone. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran produces two distinct radicals and hyperfine splitting constant values have been assigned to each species. A third radical is formed from 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at high temperature, but is presently unidentified. These two radicals are believed to be formed in ..gamma.. radiolysis of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran glass, but they do not seem to suffice to entirely explain the observed spectrum in the glass. (auth)
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the impact on California traffic fatalities of changes brought about by the 1974 energy crisis and make a projection of the number of fatalities that would have occurred under non-energy crisis conditions.
10 citations
TL;DR: Research, which eliminated the major flaws in the previous studies, was carried the authors' and no significant relationship between REM sleep deprivation and exploration was observed.
Abstract: Summary.-Two conflicting srudies, which had measured the relationship between REM sleep deprivation and exploration in rats, were evaluated. Both reporting and design inadequacies specified for each study made it impossible to identify the factors which might have contributed to these conflicting results. Therefore research, which eliminated the major flaws in the previous studies, was carried our. No significant relationship between REM sleep deprivation and exploration was observed. Two studies, i.e., Albert, Cicala, and Siegal (1970) and Boyaner (1970), measured the effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMd) of the exploratory behavior of rats and have reported conflicting results. Albert, et al. tested animals in an activity box after 3, 6, and 9 days of REMd. When compared with a group of large-platform controls, these animals showed a significant increase in exploration. Conversely, Boyaner found that his rats showed a steady decrement in exploration of a Y-maze, as REMd was increased from I to 4 days, in one-day increments. Over-all, his REMd group did not differ significantly from
TL;DR: An exploratory study was conducted in San Francisco on a sample of the homosexual population, finding that there is a positive relationship between the incidence of homosexuality and the unhappy childhood of the gay at home and the development of new homosexuals.
Abstract: This article is concerned with the home situation of the homosexual, as a part of the process which develops homosexuality. An exploratory study was conducted in San Francisco on a sample of the homosexual population. Three hypotheses were examined: there is a positive relationship between the incidence of homosexuality and the unhappy childhood of the homosexual at home; there is a positive relationship between the confusion in sexual role‐playing in early ages, and homosexual behavior; and there is a positive relationship between the presence of homosexual family members and the development of new homosexuals. The data were collected in recorded interviews. Fingings tended to suport the first hypothesis, but did not support the second and third hypothesis.
TL;DR: The purpose of this research was to attempt to replicate that study using appropriately aged, i.e., young, rats and replicate Albert, et al.'s results, and apparently, REMd affects the exploratory behavior of young rats but is much less salient for older animals.
Abstract: Four studies (1 , 2, 8, 10) have measured the effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMd) on exploration in tats and have reported conflicting results. Albert, ec al., using the youngest animals, noted REMd significantly increased explorarion. The other studies did not find significant REMd-exploration effects, i.e.. they reported nonsignificant differences between their small and large platform treatments. Recenrly, Hicks, et al. ( 6 ) discussed the ~ossibility that this set of conflicting data might be the result of a systematic age X REMd method confounding. The results of several srud~es (3. 4, 5, 11) have demonstrated a complex non-linear relationship berween age snd exploration in racs. Therefore, since age has varied between the REMd-explora. tion studies, the non-significant findings noted may not constirute critical tests of rho reliability of the relationship first reported ( 1 ) . The purpose of this research was to attempt to replicate that study using appropriately aged, i.e., young, rats. The subjecrs were 45, 30-day-old Sprague-Dawley female rats. These animals were assigned to one of three REMd treatments, i.e., 0, 2, or 4 days. REMd was achieved using the platform-in-the-water technique ( 9 ) . The specifics of the REMd apparatus and procedure used here have been detailed elsewhere ( 7 ) . First, the rats were placed in the REMd apparatus for the proscribed large-small plarform sequence. Next the subjects were towel dried, and then, as a measure of exploration, the number of grid crossings during a 20-min. period in an activity box ( 8 ) were recorded by a person naive to the treatment conditions. The mean number of grid crossings for each group were: 0-day = 68.7 2 36.8; 2-day = 136.7 f 98.3; 4-day = 72.0 & 175.4. The differences between the means were significant; F = 8.29 ( d f = 2/42, f i < .01). The over-all effects of REMd on exploration, reported above, replicate Albert, et al.'s results. Apparently, REMd affects the exploratory behavior of young rats but is much less salient for older animals. Both a comprehensive examination of the age parameters of the REMd-exploration relationship and the reasons for the differential effects of age on this relationship should be the topics of future research.
TL;DR: The results show that the generalization that RT is shorter for small objects than for large objects must be modified in terms of the orientation of the object.
Abstract: To determine the effects of stimulus length and orientation on the perception of motion, 5 experienced subjects responded with a simple reaction to accelerating lines in peripheral vision while fixating on a reference cross at the center of a cathode-ray tube. Three experimental variables were involved: (a) line length, (b) direction of motion, and (c) orientation of the line with respect to the motion. Simple reaction time (RT) was significantly longer for vertical than for horizontal motion and for lines oriented in-line with the direction of motion than for lines oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion. A significant interaction was found between line length and orientation. The results show that the generalization that RT is shorter for small objects than for large objects must be modified in terms of the orientation of the object.
TL;DR: Optimal stimulation theory suggests that when an organism's level of stimulus input falls below its optimal range, the organism is then motivated to return its neurological excitation to its optima...
Abstract: Optimal stimulation theory suggests that when an organism's level of stimulus input falls below its optimal range, the organism is then motivated to return its neurological excitation to its optima...
TL;DR: It is shown that in any block G which is not a circuit, given a vertex v of G and a circuit k of G, there is a path p, suspended in G, such that p is a paths in k of length at least 1 and G − E(p) − V0(G −E(p)) is a block which includes v.
TL;DR: In this article, the Harary conjecture for outerplanar blocks was shown to be applicable to point deletions, and it was shown that a block can be reconstructed from the isomorphism classes of its point deletion classes.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional model of the stratosphere that simulates the seasonal movement of ozone by both wind and eddy transport, and contains all the chemistry known to be important, is presented.
Abstract: Results are presented from a two-dimensional model of the stratosphere that simulates the seasonal movement of ozone by both wind and eddy transport, and contains all the chemistry known to be important. The calculated reductions in ozone due to NO2 injection from a fleet of supersonic transports are compared with the zonally averaged results of a three-dimensional model for a similar episode of injection. The agreement is good in the northern hemisphere, but is not as good in the southern hemisphere. Both sets of calculations show a strong corridor effect in that the predicted ozone depletions are largest to the north of the flight corridor for aircraft operating in the northern hemisphere.
01 Aug 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the USF/NASA toxicity screening test method was modified to increase the upper temperature limit of pyrolysis, reduce the distance between the sample and the test animals, and increase the chamber volume available for animal occupancy.
Abstract: Pyrolysis temperature and the distance between the source and sensor of effluents are two important variables in tests for relative toxicity. Modifications of the USF/NASA toxicity screening test method to increase the upper temperature limit of pyrolysis, reduce the distance between the sample and the test animals, and increase the chamber volume available for animal occupancy, did not significantly alter rankings of relative toxicity of four representative materials. The changes rendered some differences no longer significant, but did not reverse any rankings. The materials studied were cotton, wool, aromatic polyamide, and polybenzimidazole.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to cut certain minimum corners in order to reduce the number of minimum corners required by the minimum-margin theorem, and the American Mathematical Monthly: Vol 83, No. 5, pp. 361-365.
Abstract: (1976). Cutting Certain Minimum Corners. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 361-365.
01 May 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus and procedure for evaluating the toxicity of pyrolysis gases from synthetic polymers is described, where four Swiss albino mice are exposed in a 5liter chamber to the gases from materials pyrolyszed at 700 C.
Abstract: An apparatus and procedure for evaluating the toxicity of pyrolysis gases from synthetic polymers are described. In each test, four Swiss albino mice are exposed in a 5-liter chamber to the gases from materials pyrolyzed at 700 C. The apparatus is simple in design, easy to clean, inexpensive and gives reproducible results. Data on several fluorine-containing and polyamide polymers are presented.
01 Jan 1976-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
TL;DR: The electron spin resonance technique for determining free manganese(II) ion concentration in aqueous solution has been applied to the study of divalent ion binding by polyanions such as the dissolved yellow organic substances found in surface water sources as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The electron spin resonance technique for determining free manganese(II) ion concentration in aqueous solution has been applied to the study of divalent ion binding by polyanions such as the dissolved yellow organic substances found in surface water sources. Using this technique it was shown that 769 grams of dissolved yellow organic substance from Alameda Creek, Sunol Regional Park (California) are required to bind one mole of manganese(II) ion and the weight basis formation constant is 161 (g/l)‐1.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of attention loading on the established intersensory effects of passive bodily rotation on choice reaction time (RT) to visual motion was investigated, where subjects sat at the center of rotation in an enclosed rotating chamber and observed an oscilloscope on which were, in the center, a tracking display and, 10 deg left of center, an RT line.
Abstract: This study investigates the influence of attention loading on the established intersensory effects of passive bodily rotation on choice reaction time (RT) to visual motion. Subjects sat at the center of rotation in an enclosed rotating chamber and observed an oscilloscope on which were, in the center, a tracking display and, 10 deg left of center, a RT line. Three tracking tasks and a no-tracking control condition were presented to all subjects in combination with the RT task, which occurred with and without concurrent cab rotations. Choice RT to line motions was inhibited (probability less than .001) both when there was simultaneous vestibular stimulation and when there was a tracking task; response latencies lengthened progressively with increased similarity between the RT and tracking tasks. However, the attention conditions did not affect the intersensory effect; the significance of this for the nature of the sensory interaction is discussed.