Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 1983"
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the ideological underpinnings of 20th-century criticism, especially but not only American speech criticism, by contrasting social events with critical and metacritical statements offered by Herbert Wichelns, Kenneth Burke, Forbes Hill, Lawrence Rosenfield, and Martin Heidegger.
Abstract: This essay offers an approach to the ideological underpinnings of 20th‐century criticism, especially but not only American speech criticism. In juxtaposing social events with critical and metacritical statements offered by Herbert Wichelns, Kenneth Burke, Forbes Hill, Lawrence Rosenfield, and Martin Heidegger, the study isolates the ideological force of varied approaches to criticism.
185 citations
TL;DR: This first attempt to test for the direct and indirect effects of education on an individual's health indicates that the indirect dominate the direct effects.
147 citations
110 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that increased fish size and water temperatures did result in the increased selection of microhabitats with high water velocities, which led to a doubling of metabolic rate for steelhead trout.
Abstract: Increases in water temperature and fish size should increase standard metabolism and food demand. Stream-dwelling trout may then, despite the increased cost of swimming, seek faster water where food is more abundant. We tested these predictions with juvenile steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, in a California stream and found that increased fish size and water temperatures did result in the increased selection of microhabitats with high water velocities. Faster water provided proportionally larger amounts of drifting invertebrate food. Higher velocity, shallower, and coarser substrate microhabitats also enabled fish to capture prey from portions of the water column substantially faster and more productive than at their resting positions. Velocities selected in this stream were similar to those which would result in a doubling of metabolic rate. Models evaluating trout habitat and effects of modifications should take energetic factors into account.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electromagnetic and particle cascade resulting from the absorption of galactic cosmic rays in the atmosphere of Titan is shown to be an important mechanism for driving the photochemistry at pressures of 1 to 50 mbar.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive one-dimensional model of stratospheric sulfate aerosols, sulfur precursor gases, and volcanic ash and dust was used to analyze the high-altitude plumes of the May 18, May 25, and June 13, 1980 eruptions.
Abstract: The large and diverse set of observational data collected in the high-altitude plumes of the May 18, May 25, and June 13, 1980 eruptions is organized and analyzed with a view to discerning the processes at work. The data serve to guide and constrain detailed model simulations of the volcanic clouds. For this purpose, use is made of a comprehensive one-dimensional model of stratospheric sulfate aerosols, sulfur precursor gases, and volcanic ash and dust. The model takes into account gas-phase and condensed-phase (heterogeneous) chemistry in the clouds, aerosol nucleation and growth, and cloud expansion. Computational results are presented for the time histories of the gaseous species concentrations, aerosol size distributions, and ash burdens of the eruption clouds. Also investigated are the long-term buildup of stratospheric aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere and the persistent effects of injected chlorine and water vapor on stratospheric ozone. It is concluded that SO2, water vapor, and ash were probably the most important substances injected into the stratosphere by the Mount St. Helens volcano, both with respect to their widespread effects on composition and their effect on climate.
53 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of traffic accidents for the State of California for the week preceding and the week subsequent to the fall and spring DST changes were analyzed for the years 1976, 1977, and 1978.
Abstract: The frequency of traffic accidents for the State of California for the week preceding and the week subsequent to the fall and spring DST changes were analyzed for the years 1976, 1977, and 1978. Regardless of season of the year, DST change was associated with a significant increase in traffic accidents during the post-change weeks.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined nesting distribution, age-related seasonal movements, survivorship, and mechanisms of population expansion in Pacific Coast Caspian Tems (Sterna caspia) through analysis of 412 recoveries of birds banded as juveniles between 1935 and 1980.
Abstract: Nesting distribution, age-related seasonal movements, survivorship, and mechanisms of population expansion in Pacific Coast Caspian Tems (Sterna caspia) were examined primarily through analysis of 412 recoveries of birds banded as juveniles between 1935 and 1980. Since the beginning of this century, the population has shifted from nesting in numerous small colonies associated with freshwater marshes in interior Califomia and southem Oregon to nesting primarily in large colonies on human-created habitats along the coast. Colonies at Grays Harbor, Washington and San Francisco and San Diego bays, Cal- ifomia account for 77% of the current Pacific Coast population (6,000 pairs), which has breeding and wintering areas separate from those of populations east of the continental divide. There also appears to be some segregation on the wintering grounds by birds from the three major colonies within the Pacific population. Age-related seasonal movements in the Pacific population are characterized by (1) a brief period of northward dispersal by newly fledged birds before migrating to the wintering grounds, (2) a residency on the wintering grounds through their second winter, (3) a return to the breeding grounds the third summer, when most birds are thought to prospect breeding sites and some may breed, and (4) attainment of adulthood the fourth summer, with subsequent annual movements between wintering and breeding grounds. The Pacific population has increased 70% since 1960, apparently all by intrinsic growth. Over half (57%) of the fledglings reach their fourth year, and they have a subsequent annual survival rate of 89% and a mean breeding life expectancy of 8.6 yr. An average annual fledging rate of 0.64 young per pair was calculated as necessary to have provided the ob- served growth of the population during its recent expansion. Growth of some of the indi- vidual colonies, however, particularly those in Washington, could only have resulted from extensive recruitment of birds from other Pacific Coast colonies. Philopatry is low in this population, and the growth of the northern colonies involved recruitment primarily of first- time breeders but also of some older adults. Factors promoting both first-time breeders and older adults to join new and often distant colonies are discussed. Received 2 August 1982,
42 citations
TL;DR: This study illustrates, with the use of laboratory material, personal observations, and available paleoanthropologic material, the evolutionary changes in the distal phalanx, division of the pulp into a proximal and distal region, and the uniqueness of passive hyperextension of the Distal Phalanx in modern man.
Abstract: This study illustrates, with the use of laboratory material, personal observations, and available paleoanthropologic material, the evolutionary changes in the distal phalanx, division of the pulp into a proximal and distal region, and the uniqueness of passive hyperextension of the distal phalanx in modern man.
25 citations
TL;DR: Examination of an Eskimo skeletal series demonstrated at least two etiologically distinct groups of joint deterioration divided along sex lines, which contradicts conventional wisdom based on clinical observation, which suggests that reduced skeletal mass prevents osteoarthrosis.
Abstract: Examination of an Eskimo skeletal series demonstrated at least two etiologically distinct groups of joint deterioration divided along sex lines. Low bone mineral content (BMC) among women and high BMC among men were associated with osteoarthrosis on the tibial plateau. This finding contradicts conventional wisdom based on clinical observation, which suggests that reduced skeletal mass prevents osteoarthrosis.
TL;DR: The U.S. National Mussel Watch Program initially used split-sample analyses for interlaboratory quality control purposes as discussed by the authors, which indicated the possibility of analytical discrepancies as well as problems in the split sample technique itself.
Abstract: The U.S. National Mussel Watch Program initially used split-sample analyses for interlaboratory quality control purposes. These indicated the possibility of interlaboratory analytical discrepancies as well as problems in the split-sample technique itself. For the third year of the program, two mussel homogenates were produced to serve as intercomparison samples — one for metals and organics, the other for radionuclides. The results obtained using these homogenates are encouraging in that generally good agreement is seen among analyses done by several labs in diverse pollutant classes. We conclude from this experience that a quality-control program relying on the analysis of large homogeneous samples of the matrix being dealt with is an essential part of any extensive, multilaboratory analytical program.
TL;DR: It is found that the relationship between Type A/B behavior and the frequency of headaches was significant, i.e., x2 = 9.26, p < .01, with 4 = .23.
Abstract: Individuals who suffer from migraine headaches have been characterized as tense, hard-driving individuals who have difficulty in coping with stress ( 3 ) . These behaviors are similar to those which Friedman and Rosenman (1) used to describe the behavior of the Type A person. This similarity suggested to us that Type A college students might experience headaches more frequently than Type B students. To test this hypothesis, we asked 177 college students to respond to the Glass ( 2 ) version of the Jenkins Activity Survey for college students and to estimate the frequency with which they experienced tension or migraine headaches on a three-point scale, i.e., often, sometimes, never. The Jenkins Survey was scored using the system developed by Glass and, like Glass, we define Type A as Jenkins' score 8 and Type B as Jenkins' score < 8. Using the data in a contingency table, we found chat the relationship between Type A/B behavior and the frequency of headaches was significant, i.e., x2 = 9.26, p < .01, with 4 = .23.
TL;DR: This article found an inverse relationship between level of daily consumption of caffeinated drinks and habitual sleep duration and a nonsignificant relationship between caffeine use and sleep satisfaction, using the responses of 170 students.
Abstract: The relationships between daily caffeine consumption and both habitual sleep duration and sleep satisfaction were assessed using the responses of 170 students. Essentially, our data replicated an earlier study, in that we found an inverse relationship between level of daily consumption of caffeinated drinks and habitual sleep duration and a nonsignificant relationship between caffeine use and sleep satisfaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of strategic management in voluntary organizations, focusing on the management of the most significant macro issues of planning, policy, and strategy, and suggest directions for research.
Abstract: The growing interest in the management of voluntary organizations is an important development. Management theorists and others argue that voluntary organizations are poorly managed and that improved management will help to resolve some of their basic problems. A notable aspect of their position is the recent rapid shift of attention from micro-organizational issues (e.g., selection, motivation, leadership styles) to the managerially much more significant macro issues of planning, policy, and strategy. Wortman (1981) has focused this shift by calling for, and predicting, the adoption of strategic management by voluntary organizations. As Wortman (1981) suggests, such a shift would involve a &dquo;radical&dquo; re-orientation of the operation of voluntary organizations. Given the paucity of theory and research on strategic management in voluntary organizations, Wortman (1979: 327) earlier suggested that examination of the strategic management concept for voluntary organizations &dquo;should start at the beginning with simple conceptual and theoretical papers&dquo; which suggest directions for research. Such efforts would help to identify the limits of strategic management in voluntary organizations, and suggest how strategic management might be applicable to such organizations. These are the purposes of this article.
TL;DR: In this article, the exact functional form for the position and energy dependence of the energy eigenstates is obtained without resorting to the usual approximation methods, such as power-series expansions, perturbation procedures or one-band models.
Abstract: The Hamiltonian for an accelerated electron in a periodic one-dimensional lattice is written using normalized coordinates. By this means, the exact functional form for the position and energy dependence of the energy eigenstates is obtained without resorting to the usual approximation methods, such as power-series expansions, perturbation procedures or one-band models. Bloch-type wave functions that fully satisfy Schrodinger's time-dependent equation are obtained by superimposing energy eigenstates using the Stark ladder spacing concept. Such phenomena as Bloch oscillations and Stark ladder effects are then re-examined as a consequence of this new perspective.
TL;DR: A coral belonging to the rare Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian Family Pseudopavonidae and a specimen of the Permian waagenophyllid coral genus Parawentzelella have been recovered from the Cache Creek assemblage in northern British Columbia and from a small limestone block in southern British Columbia, Canada, respectively as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A coral belonging to the rare Late Mississippian–Early Pennsylvanian Family Pseudopavonidae and a specimen of the Permian waagenophyllid coral genus Parawentzelella have been recovered from the Cache Creek assemblage in northern British Columbia and from a small limestone block in southern British Columbia, Canada, respectively. Both of these fossils are closely related to corals known from eastern Japan and western Sze-chuan, China; Parawentzelella also occurs in Indochina. These corals apparently occur in shallow-water carbonates that overlie pieces of oceanic volcanic ridges or plateaus. In both Asia and North America these corals now lie geographically close to coeval, but completely different, coral faunas that lived on shallow carbonate platforms built on continental shelves. This suggests that the circum-Pacific terranes bearing these unusual corals were displaced from a single, shallow-water oceanic region that in late Paleozoic time lay in the paleo-Pacific Ocean far from any continental margin. In Late Permian or early Mesozoic time the region colonized by these fossils was torn apart; the rock masses bearing these fossils were then carried on oceanic plates to subduction zones at continental margins on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean, where they became lodged.
TL;DR: In this paper, the regression of adjustment on "masculinity" (instrumentality) and "femininity", as assessed by the BSRI, PRF ANDRO, and Short BSRI was studied in 122 college men.
TL;DR: In this article, it was concluded that some part of the chemical yield is produced by a mechanism involving intrinsic, excited electronic states of the clay crystal lattice, which may be derived from thermally, interfacially, and/or mechanically induced charge reorganization within interspersed energy levels in the band structure of the material.
TL;DR: The fact that Type As are more likely to experience sleep problems than Type Bs and their greater use of this stimulant is also congruent with the behavior described as the major symptom of Type A behavior is suggested, i.e., a sense of time urgency or 'hurry sickness.
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that Type A college students tend to sleep less ( 4 ) and are mice as likely to report sleep problems (3) than Type B students. In a comprehensive discussion of sleep. disorders, several factors were identified which contribute to insomnia and complaints of sleep problems ( 6 ) . Prominent among these is the use of caffeine. This led us to speculate that there might be differences in daily caffeine ingestion between Type A and Type B students. T o test this hypothesis, we asked 171 college students to respond to the Glass ( 2 ) version of the Jenkins Activity Survey for college students and to estimate their daily consumption (i.e., the number of cups or glasses) of coffee, tea, and cola drinks. T h e Jenkins Survey was scored using the system developed by Glass, and on the basis of local norms ( 5 ) , we defined Type A as Jenkins score 2 9 (i.e., n = 69) and Type B as Jenkins score < 9 (i.e., n = 102). W e computed a rough index of daily caffeine intake for each student by summing the reported daily number of units of coffee, tea, and cola drinks. The mean dumber of caffeine-bearing drinks for the two groups was significantly different, i.e., for the Type As, M = 3.25 2 2.40; for the Type Bs, M = 2.10 2 1.95. with t,, = 3.31, p < .01. Put differently, the self-reported caffeine intake of the Type A group was about 50% greater than that reported by Type B group. This finding is consisreor with rhe fact chat Type As are more likely to experience sleep problems than Type Bs. Their greater use of this stimulant is also congruent with the behavior described as the major symptom of Type A behavior ( I ) , i.e., a sense of time urgency or 'hurry sickness.' Finally, these data suggest that perhaps greater attention should be paid,to the dietary factors that may be assoc~ated with the Type A syndrome.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the energy spectrum for an electron in an unbounded lattice does not generally converge uniformly to the zero-field spectrum as the electric field goes to zero.
Abstract: By means of the special case of a virtual, or null, one-dimensional lattice, it is shown that the energy spectrum for an electron in an unbounded lattice does not generally converge uniformly to the zero-field spectrum as the electric field goes to zero. It is shown, on the other hand, that the energy spectrum for the case of a bounded lattice does converge uniformly in the zero-field limit.
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique for maintaining a synchronous motor at unity power factor (or minimum line current) from no-load to full-load conditions, assuring peak efficiency, is described.
Abstract: A technique for maintaining a synchronous motor at unity power factor (or minimum line current) from no-load to full-load conditions, assuring peak efficiency, is described. This concept stems from an adaptation of the Energy Saver Power Factor Controller for induction motors recently developed and patented by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The method constantly and automatically adjusts the dc field current of a 3-phase synchronous machine such that the ac line current will always be operating at the minimal point of the well known "V" curves. This is accomplished as the load varies over its full operating range.
TL;DR: The authors compared locus of control scores of three samples: 42 boys residing in an orphanage in Mexico, 30 Mexican American boys, and 30 Anglo-American boys living in a small city in northern California.
Abstract: This study compared locus of control scores of three samples: 42 boys residing in an orphanage in Mexico, 30 Mexican-American boys, and 30 Anglo-American boys living in a small city in northern California. The mean age of all three groups was 13.0 yr. The Mexican boys were expected to show a more external orientation than the other two groups. The hypothesis was only partially supported, with the difference between the Mexican and Mexican-American subjects statistically significant The former group was more externally oriented. The discussion focused on the effect of life circumstances on locus of control and on parental antecedents, specifically in the area of parental control.
TL;DR: In this paper, the perturbation of stratospheric ozone caused by a doubling of atmospheric N 2 O and by an increase of Stratospheric chlorine of about 0.9 ppbv due to continued release of chlorofluoromethanes is simulated with the aid of a two-dimensional photochemical model and new measurements of OH reaction rate coefficients.
TL;DR: Errors were noted in the table of conceptual quotient provided in the manual for the Shipley Institute of Living Scale as discussed by the authors, and corrected values for these conceptual quotients are provided.
Abstract: Errors were noted in the table of conceptual quotients provided in the manual for the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. In this paper, corrected values for these conceptual quotients are provided.