Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 2004"
TL;DR: The PC-PTSD appears to be a psychometrically sound screen for PTSD with comparable operating characteristtics to other screens for mental disorders.
Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequently unrecognized anxiety disorder in primary care settings. This study reports on the development and operating characteristics of a brief 4-item screen for PTSD in primary care (PC-PTSD). 188 VA primary care patients completed the PC-PTSD, the PTSD Symptom Checklist (PCL) and the Clinician Administered Scale for PTSD (CAPS). The prevalence of PTSD was 24.5%. Signal detection analyses showed that with this base rate, the PC-PTSD had an optimally efficient cutoff score of 3 for both male and female patients. A cutoff score of 2 is recommended when sensitivity rather than efficiency is optimized. The PC-PTSD outperformed the PCL in terms of overall quality, sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and quality of efficiency. The PC-PTSD appears to be a psychometrically sound screen for PTSD with comparable operating characteristtics to other screens for mental disorders.
1,276 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of network structure and content on managerial performance was investigated in the context of middle managers in a European telecommunications company, and it was found that access to heterogeneous knowledge is of equal importance for overall managerial performance and of greater importance for innovation performance.
Abstract: This study deals with individual managerial performance, both overall and in generating innovation. While prior work has demonstrated a relationship between network structure and managerial performance, inadequate attention has been paid to network content. We consider several micro-social processes that might account for differences in managerial performance, taken from economic sociology and studies of managers' exploitation of their social networks and derived from work in psychology on the genesis of ideas. We compare the influence of these mechanisms on managerial performance using a sample of 106 middle managers in a European telecommunications company. Our findings suggest that, while network structure matters, access to heterogeneous knowledge is of equal importance for overall managerial performance and of greater importance for innovation performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
979 citations
TL;DR: A semi-quantitative charging series that includes a wide range of synthetic and natural polymers was constructed by combining four qualitative triboelectric series from literature reports plus quantitative charging results with metal contacts as discussed by the authors.
737 citations
TL;DR: This paper summarizes the main activities of the FVC2004 organization and provides a first overview of the evaluation, including a new category dedicated to ”light” systems, characterized by limited computational and storage resources.
Abstract: A new technology evaluation of fingerprint verification algorithms has been organized following the approach of the previous FVC2000 and FVC2002 evaluations, with the aim of tracking the quickly evolving state-of-the-art of fingerprint recognition systems. Three sensors have been used for data collection, including a solid state sweeping sensor, and two optical sensors of different characteristics. The competition included a new category dedicated to ”light” systems, characterized by limited computational and storage resources. This paper summarizes the main activities of the FVC2004 organization and provides a first overview of the evaluation. Results will be further elaborated and officially presented at the International Conference on Biometric Authentication (Hong Kong) on July 2004.
478 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that being mindful may also decrease tendencies to take on others' negative emotions and help students cope with stress and foster empathy through intrapersonal knowing.
Abstract: This pilot study of baccalaureate nursing students explored the effects of an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course on stress and empathy. The course was intended to provide students with tools to cope with personal and professional stress and to foster empathy through intrapersonal knowing. A convenience sample of 16 students participated in the course, used guided meditation audiotapes at home, and completed journal assignments. Stress and empathy were measured using paired sample t tests. Participation in the intervention significantly reduced students' anxiety (p > .05). Favorable trends were observed in a number of stress dimensions including attitude, time pressure, and total stress. Two dimensions of empathy--personal distress and fantasy--also demonstrated favorable downward trends. Regular home meditation was correlated with additional benefit. Participants reported using meditation in daily life and experiencing greater well-being and improved coping skills as a result of the program. Findings suggest that being mindful may also decrease tendencies to take on others' negative emotions. Coping with stress and fostering the affective domain are important facets of nursing education that may be facilitated by mindfulness training.
439 citations
TL;DR: This paper developed the notion of semantic fit as a necessary complement to strategic fit and formalized a conceptual model of recontextualization, the process by which firm assets take on new meanings in distinct cultural environments.
Abstract: Foreignness is generally viewed as a liability for the multinational enterprise, negatively affecting strategic fit and the successful transfer of firm assets abroad Using semiotics—the study of how language systems convey meaning—and the Walt Disney Company's experiences in internationalization, I develop the notion of semantic fit as a necessary complement to strategic fit and formalize a conceptual model of recontextualization—the process by which firm assets take on new meanings in distinct cultural environments
400 citations
TL;DR: Geodyn et al. as discussed by the authors found evidence for correlations between solid Earth processes and atmosphere/ocean dynamics prior to strong earthquakes, selecting examples from 2001 and 2000, finding evidence for a thermal anomaly LST pattern that is apparently related to pre-seismic activity.
315 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Semiotic research on marketing and consumer behavior has been a hot topic in the last two decades as discussed by the authors, with a profusion, maturation, and rising value of semiotic research.
Abstract: From product design and packaging to advertising and retailing, marketers are continually seeking to strategically facilitate meanings that contribute positively to brand images, purchase likelihood, satisfaction, and the like. For their part, consumers are continually acquiring, using, sharing experiences, and disposing in substantial accordance with the meanings they attribute to products, ads, purchase sites, and so forth. However, meaning was underprioritized in marketing and consumer research until the last two decades, partly because it is one of the most complex phenomena to theorize and investigate. As researchers focused more on meaning, hundreds of books and articles drew upon the doctrine of semiotics, which is the study of communication and meaning in terms of the nature and processes of signs (both verbal and non-verbal). The burgeoning scholarship, not surprisingly, was eclectic, fragmented, far-spread, and written in numerous languages, leaving many uncertainties about the contributions of semiotics. In this project, we collected and integrated relevant worldwide research, and we assessed what semiotics has provided for advancing knowledge on meaning in marketing and consumer behavior. We focused on the manner in which semiotics addresses and, in some instances, resolves important intellectual questions about meaning at each stage of an expanded version of McCracken's (1986) model of meaning movement in consumer society. We discuss at each stage the trends and variations in the use of semiotic paradigms, methodological approaches, levels of analyses, geographic origins of scholarship, emphases on different substantive topics, and future research needs. Overall, our review uncovers a profusion, maturation, and rising value of semiotic research on marketing and consumer behavior since the mid-1980's. We finish with a discussion of the continuing intellectual challenges in the area, and we draw some encompassing conclusions on the nature, merits, and future of semiotics in marketing and consumer research.
161 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the business aspirations of immigrant entrepreneurs from five different ethnic minority communities in the UK and found that despite the importance of the family in their businesses, ethnic minority entrepreneurs have diverse aspirations.
Abstract: This paper contributes to our understanding of the intersection between entrepreneurship and family businesses by examining the business aspirations of immigrant entrepreneurs from five different ethnic minority communities in the UK. It explores differences in the entrepreneurs' antecedents that might explain differences in their aspirations and examines the interaction between aspirations and business behaviour and outcomes. It finds that despite the importance of the family in their businesses, ethnic minority entrepreneurs have diverse aspirations. It is possible to distinguish between those with business‐first, family‐first, money‐first and lifestyle‐first aspirations. Their educational and family background affects entrepreneurs' aspirations, as does their stage on the family life cycle. Differences in aspirations are related to the nature of business, the way in which it is managed, the recruitment of professional managers and entrepreneurial performance. Our findings highlight the diversity in aspirations among family business owners and the complexity of the interaction between ethnicity, culture, class and entrepreneurship.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current body of literature on children of color in the child welfare system is presented as well as emerging themes and areas for further inquiry, focusing on four areas: (1) parent and family-related risk factors and CWS involvement; (2) social factors related to poverty, neighborhood effects and other community-related predictors of children of colour entering and staying in the CWS; (3) race and class biases in initial reporting and subsequent processing of children in the CPS, and (4) the impact of recent child welfare policy initiatives
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize past literature and bring the discussion up to date to advocate a position that would require a bachelor's degree for police officers over time, using a graduated timetable and supported by federal funding.
Abstract: There has been a long‐standing debate over whether a college education for police officers is desirable or even necessary. Today, with the ever‐expanding complexity of the police role and the transition toward community policing, this question is more significant than ever. A zenith of interest and debate over the requirement of higher education for officers was reached in the 1970s, but it soon died out. However, a quickly changing social landscape, changing job role, rapid technological advancement, domestic terrorism and increased scrutiny have combined to renew the debate over higher education. This article attempts to synthesize past literature and bring the discussion up to date. Finally, the authors will advocate a position that would require a bachelor's degree for police officers over time, using a graduated timetable and supported by federal funding.
TL;DR: Two other types of source credibility play a significant role in shaping students' perceptions of credibility, verifiable credibility and cost-effort credibility.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing students' perception of the credibility of scholarly information on the web. In addition to the four types of source credibility proposed by previous studies (presumed credibility, reputed credibility, surface credibility, and experienced credibility), this study shows that two other types of source credibility (verifiable credibility and cost-effort credibility) play a significant role in shaping students' perceptions of credibility. Circumstances that affect students' willingness to accept scholarly information on the web are identified. Implications for web system design are also discussed.
TL;DR: The proposed Hybrid Indirect Transmission protocol is promising and would contribute to the use of wireless micro sensor networks in future biomedical sensing technologies, and maintains longer network life compared to these three existing protocols.
Abstract: Sensor networks have many potential applications in biology, physics, medicine, and the military. One major challenge in sensor networks is to maximize network life under the constraint of limited power supply. The paper addresses energy-efficiency in the context of routing and data gathering. A new protocol is proposed: Hybrid Indirect Transmission (HIT). HIT is based on a hybrid architecture that consists of one or more clusters, each of which is based on multiple, multi-hop indirect transmissions. In order to minimize both energy consumption and network delay, parallel transmissions are used both among multiple clusters and within a cluster. This is made possible by having each sensor independently compute a medium access controlling TDMA schedule. The computation within each sensor is intelligent yet simple. Formal analysis shows that it requires O(n) space and O(n x logn) time complexities, and O(1) setup messages prior to the computation, where n is the total number of sensors. HIT does not require sensor nodes with CDMA capability, or the remote base station to compute a data gathering schedule. Performance is evaluated by simulating and comparing HIT with three other existing protocols, including Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power Efficient Gathering for Sensor Information System (PEGASIS), and Direct Transmission. Results have shown that HIT greatly reduces both energy consumption and network delay; it also maintains longer network life compared to these three existing protocols. Security issues and a potential application of HIT in biomedical sensing technology are also rigorously discussed. This work is significant to the advancement of energy-efficient micro sensor networks; the proposed protocol is promising and would contribute to the use of wireless micro sensor networks in future biomedical sensing technologies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of situational as well as consumer and retailer factors on preference for online, catalog, and store formats and found that situational factors have significant influence on online and catalog format selection and perceptions of attributes that are crucial to that selection.
Abstract: Most research related to consumer choice of retailers emphasizes retailer attributes and/or consumer characteristics. Since many retail formats, including online retailing, have emerged in recent years, knowledge of how consumers select retail formats must be updated. A source of influence that has been examined to a very limited extent for store retailers but not for emerging retail formats is situational influence. From a modern interactionism perspective, this study investigates the influence of situational as well as consumer and retailer factors on preference for online, catalog, and store formats. Key results show that situational factors have significant influence on online and catalog format selection and perceptions of attributes that are crucial to that selection.
Ames Research Center1, Technische Universität München2, University of Colorado Boulder3, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research4, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences5, San Jose State University6, Harvard University7, California Institute of Technology8, University of Denver9
TL;DR: The authors observed a plume of air highly enriched in carbon monoxide and particles in the stratosphere at altitudes up to 15.8 km, which can be unambiguously attributed to North American forest fires.
Abstract: We observed a plume of air highly enriched in carbon monoxide and particles in the stratosphere at altitudes up to 15.8 km. It can be unambiguously attributed to North American forest fires. This plume demonstrates an extratropical direct transport path from the planetary boundary layer several kilometers deep into the stratosphere, which is not fully captured by large-scale atmospheric transport models. This process indicates that the stratospheric ozone layer could be sensitive to changes in forest burning associated with climatic warming.
TL;DR: The authors examined the development of argumentation skills during adolescence and found that change in adolescents does indeed progress in the direction of adult discourse and that a combination of practice and reflection is more effective in promoting change than practice alone.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the amount of intercultural interactions individuals have within a given time period as well as the nature of such contact (e.g., topic of discussion, location, duration, relationship context).
TL;DR: The AMAR approach extends standard conservative adaptive mesh refinement algorithms by providing a robust flux-based method for coupling an atomistic fluid representation to a continuum model, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Abstract: We present an adaptive mesh and algorithmic refinement (AMAR) scheme for modeling multi-scale hydrodynamics. The AMAR approach extends standard conservative adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithms by providing a robust flux-based method for coupling an atomistic fluid representation to a continuum model. The atomistic model is applied locally in regions where the continuum description is invalid or inaccurate, such as near strong flow gradients and at fluid interfaces, or when the continuum grid is refined to the molecular scale. The need for such ''hybrid'' methods arises from the fact that hydrodynamics modeled by continuum representations are often under-resolved or inaccurate while solutions generated using molecular resolution globally are not feasible. In the implementation described herein, Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) provides an atomistic description of the flow and the compressible two-fluid Euler equations serve as our continuum-scale model. The AMR methodology provides local grid refinement while the algorithm refinement feature allows the transition to DSMC where needed. The continuum and atomistic representations are coupled by matching fluxes at the continuum-atomistic interfaces and by proper averaging and interpolation of data between scales. Our AMAR application code is implemented in C++ and is built upon the SAMRAI (Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Application Infrastructure)more » framework developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. SAMRAI provides the parallel adaptive gridding algorithm and enables the coupling between the continuum and atomistic methods.« less
TL;DR: Cassini radio science investigations will be conducted both during the cruise (gravitational wave and conjunction experiments) and the Saturnian tour of the mission (atmospheric and ionospheric occultations, ring occultation, determinations of masses and gravity fields) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Cassini radio science investigations will be conducted both during the cruise (gravitational wave and conjunction experiments) and the Saturnian tour of the mission (atmospheric and ionospheric occultations, ring occultations, determinations of masses and gravity fields). New technologies in the construction of the instrument, which consists of a portion on-board the spacecraft and another portion on the ground, including the use of the Ka-band signal in addition to that of the S- and X-bands, open opportunities for important discoveries in each of the above scientific areas, due to increased accuracy, resolution, sensitivity, and dynamic range.
Proceedings Article•
16 May 2004TL;DR: In this article, measurements of photo-induced birefringence n single domain and periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) crystals containing different non-photorefractive impurities are presented.
Abstract: Measurements of photo-induced birefringence n single domain and periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) crystals containing different non-photorefractive impurities are presented We find that doping by HfO/sub 2/ is very effective in reducing the photorefraction
TL;DR: A conceptual model with an expanded definition of health as a basis for holistic and conventional health strategies is provided, which includes concepts of balance, energy systems, and mind-body integration from non-Western health practices.
Abstract: Beginning with a holistic definition in ancient times, the predominant American definition of health now focuses on physical health and disease symptoms. This limited definition of health is an inadequate foundation for holistic health care strategies. This article provides a conceptual model with an expanded definition of health as a basis for holistic and conventional health strategies. The model includes concepts of balance, energy systems, and mind-body integration from non-Western health practices. A holistic definition of health suggests an expanded range of positive, pleasurable health behaviors. The visual representation of the model can be used by health care professionals and clients to identify disease reduction strategies or a health improvement program for well individuals. Understanding and expanding the conceptualization of health and health improvement strategies offers the possibility of improving client satisfaction and health status outcomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) with rank-1 elements and information-ally complete for all pure states in dimensions in $d$ dimensions was constructed.
Abstract: I construct a positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) which has $2d$ rank-1 elements and which is informationally complete for generic pure states in $d$ dimensions, thus confirming a conjecture made by Flammia, Silberfarb, and Caves (e-print quant-ph∕0404137). I show that if a rank-1 POVM is required to be informationally complete for all pure states in $d$ dimensions, it must have at least $3d\ensuremath{-}2$ elements. I also show that, in a POVM which is informationally complete for all pure states in $d$ dimensions, for any vector there must be at least $2d\ensuremath{-}1$ POVM elements which do not annihilate that vector.
TL;DR: The raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of zoonotic visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans and, in particular, of devastating encephalitis in young children.
Abstract: The raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of zoonotic visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans and, in particular, of devastating encephalitis in young children. Exposure occurs mainly at raccoon latrines, where large numbers of infective eggs may be accidentally ingested. Risk factors for infection include contact with raccoon latrines, pica/geophagia, age of <4 years, and male sex. The severity of central nervous system (CNS) disease depends on the number of eggs ingested, the extent and location of larval migration, and the severity of ensuing inflammation and necrosis. Diagnosis of Baylisascaris encephalitis is based on clinical CNS disease, peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia, deep white matter lesions visible by magnetic resonance imaging, and positive results of serologic tests. Treatment efficacy in clinical cases is poor, but albendazole prevents disease if given promptly after infection. Considering the seriousness of this disease and limitations of diagnosis and treatment, prevention of infection with eggs is of utmost importance.
TL;DR: The high prevalence of upper extremity pain reported by graduate students suggests a public health need to identify interventions that will reduce symptom severity and prevent impairment.
Abstract: Background The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with persistent or recurrent upper extremity and neck pain among engineering graduate students. Methods A random sample of 206 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) graduate students at a large public university completed an online questionnaire. Results Approximately 60% of respondents reported upper extremity or neck pain attributed to computer use and reported a mean pain severity score of 4.5 (� 2.2; scale 0–10). In a final logistic regression model, female gender, years of computer use, and hours of computer use per week were significantly associated with pain. Conclusions The high prevalence of upper extremity pain reported by graduate students suggests a public health need to identify interventions that will reduce symptom severity and prevent impairment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:297–303, 2004. 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of prescribed fire on soil and stream water chemistry were investigated in the Lake Tahoe Basin, and it was found that prescribed fires released calcium and raised soil pH and this may have resulted in the incorporation of phosphorus into insoluble forms.
Abstract: Before Euro-American settlement fire was a common process in the forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin The combination of drought, fire suppression, and past harvesting has produced ecosystems that are susceptible to high-severity wildfires Consequently, a program of prescribed fire has been recommended but there is incomplete understanding of the ecological effects of fuels treatments, especially with regard to how treatments will affect the flow of nutrients to Lake Tahoe Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important nutrients affecting algal growth, and thus lake clarity Existing data demonstrate a long-term shift from a co-limitation by both nitrogen and phosphorus to phosphorus limitation Two high-consumption, moderate-intensity prescribed fires were conducted to determine their effects on soil and stream water chemistry Stream water calcium concentrations increased in burned watersheds whereas soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were not significantly different Prescribed fires released calcium and raised soil pH and this may have resulted in the incorporation of phosphorus into insoluble forms Stream monitoring data indicates water quality effects last for ~3 months Prescribed fires did not significantly increase the amount of soluble reactive phosphorus in stream waters However, additional research is needed to determine if prescribed fire increases erosion or movement of particulate P, particularly in areas with steep slopes
TL;DR: Patients who received information about their surgery on a videotape before giving their consent demonstrated a significant increase in comprehension compared to patients who received this information verbally, and the benefit was even greater for patients with lower education levels.
Abstract: Background:The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a videotape to give patients information about the risks, benefits, alternatives, and treatment of a common orthopaedi...
25 Oct 2004
TL;DR: The design and evaluation of this system is rigorously detailed, its performance is evaluated, and directions for future work are outlined, showing that SIDS is a promising methodology for this important problem.
Abstract: Due to fundamental characteristics, routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are particularly vulnerable to attack. One such attack, the "sinkhole" problem, is analyzed in the context of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, and a sinkhole intrusion detection system (SIDS) is proposed for detecting it. The design and evaluation of this system is rigorously detailed, its performance is evaluated, and directions for future work are outlined. The simulation results show that SIDS is a promising methodology for this important problem.
TL;DR: It is concluded that although subjects are able to discriminate stereomotion speed reliably on the basis of CD information alone, IOVD provides a precise additional cue to stereomotions speed perception.
Abstract: The role of two binocular cues to motion in depth-changing disparity (CD) and interocular velocity difference (IOVD)- was investigated by measuring stereomotion speed discrimination and static disparity discrimination performance (stereoacuity) Speed discrimination thresholds were assessed both for random dot stereograms (RDS), and for their temporally uncorrelated equivalents, dynamic random dot stereograms (DRDS), at relative disparity pedestals of -19, 0, and +19 arcmin While RDS stimuli contain both CD and IOVD cues, DRDS stimuli carry only CD information On average, thresholds were a factor of 17 higher for DRDS than for RDS stimuli with no clear effect of relative disparity pedestal Results were similar for approaching and receding targets Variations in stimulus duration had no significant effect on thresholds, and there was no observed correlation between stimulus displacement and perceived speed, confirming that subjects responded to stimulus speed in each condition Stereoacuity was equally good for our RDS and DRDS stimuli, showing that the difference in stereomotion speed discrimination performance for these stimuli was not due to any difference in the precision of the disparity cue In addition, when we altered stereomotion stimulus trajectory by independently manipulating the speeds and directions of its monocular half-images, perceived stereomotion speed remained accurate This finding is inconsistent with response strategies based on properties of either monocular half-image motion, or any ad hoc combination of the monocular speeds We conclude that although subjects are able to discriminate stereomotion speed reliably on the basis of CD information alone, IOVD provides a precise additional cue to stereomotion speed perception
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Judd-Ofelt model to obtain three phenomenological parameters (referred to as Judd-ofelt intensity parameters), from which the spectroscopic quality factor for Dy3+-doped in Y3Sc2Ga3O12 (YSGG) was determined to be 0.68.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that occupational therapy services may help support homeless parents as they exercise their role as the organizer of family routines, which seemed to preserve family integrity while homeless and provide hope for the family to continue into the future.
Abstract: Objective This exploratory investigation sought to understand what meaning parents, living in a homeless shelter, attribute to family routines and the nature of those routines. Method In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 parents living in a homeless shelter. Thematic analysis was employed to develop descriptive codes and themes from transcribed data and field notes. Results Parents described family routines focused on three features: promoting intimacy, maintaining or developing a legacy, and connections with the community. These routines seemed to preserve family integrity while homeless and to provide hope for the family to continue into the future. Conclusions Homeless parents, in this investigation, seemed to expend a substantial amount of energy to create or maintain family routines while living in a homeless shelter. Findings suggest that occupational therapy services may help support homeless parents as they exercise their role as the organizer of family routines.