Showing papers by "San Jose State University published in 2020"
TL;DR: This work identifies key sustainability challenges with practices used in industries that will supply the metals and minerals needed for technologies such as solar photovoltaics, batteries, electric vehicle (EV) motors, wind turbines, fuel cells, and nuclear reactors and proposes four holistic recommendations to make mining and metal processing more sustainable and just.
Abstract: Climate change mitigation will create new natural resource and supply chain opportunities and dilemmas, as substantial amounts of raw materials will be required to build new low carbon energy devices and infrastructure (1). Between 2015 and 2050, the global electric vehicle stock needs to jump from 1.2 million light-duty passenger cars to 965 million passenger cars; battery storage capacity needs to climb from 0.5 gigawatt -hours (GWh) to 12,380 GWh; and the amount of installed solar PV capacity must rise from 223 gigawatts (GW) to over 7,100 GW (2). The materials and metals demanded by a low-carbon economy will be immense. (3).
250 citations
Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior1, University of California, Berkeley2, University of California, San Francisco3, Samuel Merritt University4, Boston University5, San Jose State University6, Drexel University7, University of Chicago8, Oregon Health & Science University9, Children's Hospital Oakland10
TL;DR: A brief, interprofessional structural competency curriculum is reported on that fills a gap in health professional education by equipping learners to understand and respond to the role that social, economic, and political structural factors play in patient and community health.
Abstract: Introduction Research on disparities in health and health care has demonstrated that social, economic, and political factors are key drivers of poor health outcomes. Yet the role of such structural...
128 citations
TL;DR: A mixed integer programming model based on path optimization, integrated scheduling, and conflicts and deadlocks is established to minimize AGVs delay time under the condition that the task allocation is known.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed and tested a conceptual model that investigates how tourists' attribution of destination social responsibility (DSR) motives impact destination trust and intention to visit a destination.
103 citations
TL;DR: This GC-IMS method proved to be feasible for the rapid and comprehensive detection of volatile compounds in Jinhua hams, and multivariance analysis (i.e.: PCA) was able to provide information related to aging time.
91 citations
Nova Southeastern University1, University of Warwick2, National University of Singapore3, George Mason University4, University of Limerick5, Stockholm School of Economics6, Massey University7, University of Virginia8, University of Amsterdam9, Nyenrode Business University10, University of Chicago11, University of California, Irvine12, New York University13, University of Hong Kong14, University of Cologne15, Michigan State University16, University of Michigan17, University of the Andes18, University of Maryland, College Park19, Stanford University20, San Jose State University21, Renmin University of China22, University of Denver23, Hainan University24, Tsinghua University25, University of Toronto26, European School of Management and Technology27, INSEAD28
TL;DR: Crowdsourced testing of research hypotheses helps reveal the true consistency of empirical support for a scientific claim.
Abstract: To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from two separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete one version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across different sets of materials designed to test the same hypothesis: materials from different teams rendered statistically significant effects in opposite directions for four out of five hypotheses, with the narrowest range in estimates being d = -0.37 to +0.26. Meta-analysis and a Bayesian perspective on the results revealed overall support for two hypotheses, and a lack of support for three hypotheses. Overall, practically none of the variability in effect sizes was attributable to the skill of the research team in designing materials, while considerable variability was attributable to the hypothesis being tested. In a forecasting survey, predictions of other scientists were significantly correlated with study results, both across and within hypotheses. Crowdsourced testing of research hypotheses helps reveal the true consistency of empirical support for a scientific claim.
89 citations
TL;DR: The first top emission CP-OLED is elaborated as a new approach of generating CP light in comparison with classical bottom-emission CP-olED architecture, and represents the only relevant device architecture for future microdisplay applications.
Abstract: Molecular designs merging circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF) using the concept of chiral perturbation appeared recently as a cornerstone for the development of efficient CP-organic light emitting diodes (CP-OLED). Such devices could strongly increase the energy efficiency and performances of conventional OLED displays, in which 50% of the emitted light is often lost due to the use of antiglare filters. In this context, herein, ten couples of enantiomers derived from novel chiral emitter designs are reported, exhibiting CPL, TADF, and aggregation induced enhancement emission properties (AIEE). Representing the first structure properties relationship investigation for CP-TADF materials, this thorough experimental and theoretical work brings crucial findings on the key structural and electronic parameters (isomerism, nature of the carbazole substituents) governing the synergy between CPL and TADF properties. To conclude this study, the first top emission CP-OLED is elaborated as a new approach of generating CP light in comparison with classical bottom-emission CP-OLED architecture. Indeed, the top-emission configuration represents the only relevant device architecture for future microdisplay applications. Thereby, in addition to offer molecular guidelines to combine efficiently TADF and CPL properties, this study opens new avenues toward practical applications for CP-OLEDs.
77 citations
TL;DR: This critical literature review surveys the existing studies on grid-scale stationary LIB ESS, and highlights research gaps concerning comprehensive environmental impacts, and concludes that further analysis specific to grid-connected LIB systems – encompassing use phase (battery operation) and EOL, in addition to production phase – is required for a robust assessment of environmental impacts of grid- connected energy storage in LIB systems.
74 citations
TL;DR: A qualitative study to answer the question, “For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?” focus groups probed reactions to SogI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines, and two major themes emerged.
Abstract: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people-including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities-are understudied and underrepresented in research. Current sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions do not sufficiently engage SGM people, and there is a critical gap in understanding how SOGI questions reduce inclusion and accurate empirical representation. We conducted a qualitative study to answer the question, "For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?" Focus groups probed reactions to SOGI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines. Questions were refined and presented in semi-structured cognitive interviews. Template analysis using a priori themes guided analysis. There were 74 participants: 55 in nine focus groups and 19 in cognitive interviews. Participants were diverse: 51.3% identified as gender minorities, 87.8% as sexual minorities, 8.1% as Hispanic/Latinx, 13.5% as Black or African-American, and 43.2% as Non-white. Two major themes emerged: (1) SOGI questions did not allow for identity fluidity and complexity, reducing inclusion and representation, and (2) SOGI question stems and answer choices were often not clear as to which SOGI dimension was being assessed. To our knowledge, this represents the largest body of qualitative data studying SGM perspectives when responding to SOGI questions. We present recommendations for future development and use of SOGI measures. Attention to these topics may improve meaningful participation of SGM people in research and implementation of such research within and for SGM communities.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the fundamental problem of action at a distance beyond the light-speed limits of relativity and proposed a framework wider than the usual hidden-variable formulation, indicating an allowable continuous action option.
Abstract: Quantum mechanics and relativity are two of the most profound theoretical developments of the 20th century. In 1964, John Bell proposed a test for quantum mechanics that shocked the theoretical community, showing that quantum mechanics implies a violation of locality, that is, action at a distance beyond the light-speed limits of relativity. In this Colloquium this fundamental problem is reviewed in a framework wider than the usual hidden-variable formulation, indicating an allowable ``continuous action'' option in addition to the standard action-at-a-distance approaches.
70 citations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology1, University of Cincinnati2, University of Pittsburgh3, Brookhaven National Laboratory4, Queen Mary University of London5, University of Texas at Arlington6, Southern Methodist University7, University of California, Riverside8, Northwestern University9, CERN10, University of Dallas11, State University of Campinas12, Michigan State University13, San Jose State University14, Durham University15, University of Minnesota16, Fermilab17, Texas A&M University18, University of Arizona19, University of Mainz20, University of Texas at Austin21, Illinois Institute of Technology22, Universidade Federal do ABC23, Chungnam National University24, University of Wisconsin-Madison25, Duke University26, Chonbuk National University27, University of Chicago28, Yonsei University29, Virginia Tech30, Washington University in St. Louis31, University of California, Los Angeles32, University College London33
TL;DR: A review of the current theory landscape theory in neutrino experiments in two selected areas of the BSM topics - dark matter and neutRino related BSM - and summarizes the current results from existing neutrinos experiments for benchmark.
Abstract: The combination of the high intensity proton beam facilities and massive detectors for precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters including the charge-parity violating (CPV) phase will open the door to help make beyond the standard model (BSM) physics reachable even in low energy regimes in the accelerator-based experiments. Large-mass detectors with highly precise tracking and energy measurements, excellent timing resolution, and low energy thresholds will enable the searches for BSM phenomena from cosmogenic origin, as well. Therefore, it is also conceivable that BSM topics in the next-generation neutrino experiments could be the dominant physics topics in the foreseeable future, as the precision of the neutrino oscillation parameter and CPV measurements continue to improve.This paper provides a review of the current landscape of BSM theory in neutrino experiments in two selected areas of the BSM topics-dark matter and neutrino related BSM-and summarizes the current results from existing neutrino experiments to set benchmarks for both theory and experiment. This paper then provides a review of upcoming neutrino experiments throughout the next 10 to 15 year time scale and their capabilities to set the foundation for potential reach in BSM physics in the two aforementioned themes. An important outcome of this paper is to ensure theoretical and simulation tools exist to carry out studies of these new areas of physics, from the first day of the experiments, such as Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment in the U.S. and Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment in Japan.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the psychological, emotional, and physiological toll of confronting racism to analyze the toll of racism on tea-drinking women. And they used RBF to analyze racism on women.
Abstract: Racial battle fatigue (RBF) has been operationalized as the psychological, emotional, and physiological toll of confronting racism. In this article, RBF is used to analyze the toll of racism on tea...
TL;DR: This paper considers green product design in a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two retailers, where retailer 1 aims at monetary profit maximisation, and retailer 2 has fairness concern, and finds that retailer 2’s fairness concern will always harm the manufacturer.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider green product design in a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two retailers, where retailer 1 aims at monetary profit maximisation, and retailer 2 has fairnes...
TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel solution called Dynamic Regional Combined short-term rainfall Forecasting approach (DRCF) using Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and shows that DRCF outperforms existing approaches in both threat score (TS) and root mean square error (RMSE).
Abstract: Rainfall forecasting is crucial in the field of meteorology and hydrology However, existing solutions always achieve low prediction accuracy for short-term rainfall forecasting Atmospheric forecasting models perform worse in many conditions Machine learning approaches neglect the influences of physical factors in upstream or downstream regions, which make forecasting accuracy fluctuate in different areas To improve the overall forecasting accuracy for short-term rainfall, this paper proposes a novel solution called D ynamic R egional C ombined short-term rainfall F orecasting approach (DRCF) using Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) First, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimension of thirteen physical factors, which serves as the input of MLP Second, a greedy algorithm is applied to determine the structure of MLP The surrounding sites are perceived based on the forecasting site Finally, to solve the clutter interference which is caused by the extension of the perception range, DRCF is enhanced with several dynamic strategies Experiments are conducted on data from 56 real-world meteorology sites in China, and we compare DRCF with atmospheric models and other machine learning approaches The experimental results show that DRCF outperforms existing approaches in both threat score (TS) and root mean square error (RMSE)
King's College London1, Texas A&M University2, University of British Columbia3, Arizona State University4, San Jose State University5, University of California, Davis6, University of California, Los Angeles7, Michigan State University8, University of South Florida9, University of Manitoba10, University of Notre Dame11, University of York12, Virginia Tech13, University of Saskatchewan14, Kettering University15, University of North Carolina at Greensboro16, Northwestern University17
TL;DR: The Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Study, University of British Columbia, PLUS Alliance, Texas AM University, and U.S. National Science Foundation have published a paper on the work of.
Abstract: Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Study, University of British Columbia; PLUS Alliance; Texas AM University; U.S. National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [BCS-17759972]
TL;DR: Different from traditional methods, this work converts the construction of n × n S-box into a process of putting n Boolean functions one by one into a container and proposes a novel genetic algorithm to construct bijective S-boxes with high nonlinearity.
TL;DR: This paper investigates the long-term impact that an intensive one-year university course had on individual carbon emissions by surveying students at least five years after having taken the course, and finds that course graduates have developed a strong personal connection to climate change solutions.
Abstract: Strategies to mitigate climate change often center on clean technologies, such as electric vehicles and solar panels, while the mitigation potential of a quality educational experience is rarely discussed. In this paper, we investigate the long-term impact that an intensive one-year university course had on individual carbon emissions by surveying students at least five years after having taken the course. A majority of course graduates reported pro-environmental decisions (i.e., type of car to buy, food choices) that they attributed at least in part to experiences gained in the course. Furthermore, our carbon footprint analysis suggests that for the average course graduate, these decisions reduced their individual carbon emissions by 2.86 tons of CO2 per year. Surveys and focus group interviews identify that course graduates have developed a strong personal connection to climate change solutions, and this is realized in their daily behaviors and through their professional careers. The paper discusses in more detail the specific components of the course that are believed to be most impactful, and the uncertainties associated with this type of research design. Our analysis also demonstrates that if similar education programs were applied at scale, the potential reductions in carbon emissions would be of similar magnitude to other large-scale mitigation strategies, such as rooftop solar or electric vehicles.
TL;DR: More high-quality research on SMW’s use of AODs is needed, but gaps and limitations are particularly large in non-western countries, as well as for informing policies that can help to reduce risky drinking and drug misuse among SMW.
Abstract: Until the 1980s, the limited research on alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among sexual minority women (SMW) focused on alcohol and used samples recruited from gay bars, resulting in inflated estimates of hazardous drinking. Over the past several decades the number of AOD studies with SMW has increased dramatically. To characterize this literature, we conducted a scoping review to answer the following questions: What do we know, and what are the gaps in research about AOD use among SMW? We searched multiple electronic databases (Medline [PubMed], CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) for peer-reviewed research articles about AOD use among adult SMW published between January 1, 2000 and May 31, 2017. After duplicates were removed the search identified 4,204 articles. We reviewed the titles and abstracts and removed articles that did not meet inclusion criteria. We used full-text review of the remaining 229 articles to make a final determination regarding inclusion and we retained 181 articles for review. Although the quantity of AOD research with SMW has grown substantially, the great majority of studies have been conducted in the United States (US) and most focus on hazardous drinking; relatively little research has focused on other drugs. In addition, although there has been marked improvement in theories and methods used in this research, many gaps and limitations remain. Examples are the lack of longitudinal research; reliance on samples that tend to over-represent white, well-educated, and relatively young women; sparse attention to mechanisms underlying the disproportionately high rates of AOD use among SMW; and the absence of intervention research. In general, more high-quality research on SMW's use of AODs is needed, but gaps and limitations are particularly large in non-western countries. Addressing these research gaps and limitations is essential for providing information that can be used to develop more effective prevention and early intervention strategies, as well as for informing policies that can help to reduce risky drinking and drug misuse among SMW.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors divided DSR strategies into proactive and reactive approaches and explored their influences on tourists' attribution and intention to visit a destination, finding that tourists who got a reactive DSR message from an internal (vs. external) information source tended to generate stronger visit intention.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider a firm consisting of two divisions, one responsible for designing and manufacturing new products and the other responsible for remanufacturing operations, and show that a decentralized internal structure can result in higher supply chain profit than a centralized internal structure.
Abstract: We consider a firm consisting of two divisions, one responsible for designing and manufacturing new products and the other responsible for remanufacturing operations. The firm will sell these new and remanufactured products either directly to the consumer (direct selling) or through an independent retailer (indirect selling). Our study demonstrates that a firm’s organizational structure can affect its marketing decisions. Specifically, a decentralized firm with separate manufacturing and remanufacturing divisions can benefit from indirect selling with higher firm profit, supply chain profit, and total consumer demand than direct selling. Moreover, this structure also induces a remanufacturable product design. In contrast, a centralized firm in which the manufacturing and remanufacturing divisions are consolidated is intuitively better off by choosing direct selling than indirect selling. Furthermore, we show that, surprisingly, when the focal firm sells through an independent retailer, a decentralized internal structure can result in higher supply chain profit than a centralized internal structure. We further investigate the case of dual dedicated channels and conclude that, while direct selling of remanufactured products and indirect selling of new products can better induce a remanufacturable product design and higher supply chain profit, it is not in the best interest of the firm in terms of total sales and firm profit.
TL;DR: This paper contributes to creating a new large gallery off-the-person ECG datasets that can provide new opportunities for the ECG biometric research community by exploring the impact of filtering type, segmentation, feature extraction, and health status on ECGBiometric by using the evaluation metrics.
Abstract: Robust authentication and identification methods become an indispensable urgent task to protect the integrity of the devices and the sensitive data Passwords have provided access control and authentication, but have shown their inherent vulnerabilities The speed and convenience factor are what makes biometrics the ideal authentication solution as they could have a low probability of circumvention To overcome the limitations of the traditional biometric systems, electrocardiogram (ECG) has received the most attention from the biometrics community due to the highly individualized nature of the ECG signals and the fact that they are ubiquitous and difficult to counterfeit However, one of the main challenges in ECG-based biometric development is the lack of large ECG databases In this paper, we contribute to creating a new large gallery off-the-person ECG datasets that can provide new opportunities for the ECG biometric research community We explore the impact of filtering type, segmentation, feature extraction, and health status on ECG biometric by using the evaluation metrics Our results have shown that our ECG biometric authentication outperforms existing methods lacking the ability to efficiently extract features, filtering, segmentation, and matching This is evident by obtaining 100% accuracy for PTB, MIT-BHI, CEBSDB, CYBHI, ECG-ID, and in-house ECG-BG database in spite of noisy, unhealthy ECG signals while performing five-fold cross-validation In addition, an average of 211% EER among 1,694 subjects is obtained
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of social trust in financial inclusion was examined using financial inclusion measures from Global Findex database and measure of trust from the World Values Survey, and it was found that social trust remains a significant and positive determinant for various aspects of financial inclusion.
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TL;DR: Gasper, a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, is presented, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain and proves safety, plausible liveness, and probabilistic liveness under different sets of assumptions.
Abstract: We present "Gasper," a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain. The protocol combines Casper FFG, a finality tool, with LMD GHOST, a fork-choice rule. We prove safety, plausible liveness, and probabilistic liveness under different sets of assumptions.
TL;DR: The degree to which caregiver intervention research has reported and considered social determinants of health is examined, to address caregiver heterogeneity and improve assessment, support, and instruction for diverse populations.
Abstract: Author(s): Young, Heather M; Bell, Janice F; Whitney, Robin L; Ridberg, Ronit A; Reed, Sarah C; Vitaliano, Peter P | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although most people have some experience as caregivers, the nature and context of care are highly variable. Caregiving, socioeconomic factors, and health are all interrelated. For these reasons, caregiver interventions must consider these factors. This review examines the degree to which caregiver intervention research has reported and considered social determinants of health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:We examined published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventions for older adults with age-related chronic conditions using the PRISMA and AMSTAR 2 checklists. From 2,707 papers meeting search criteria, we identified 197 potentially relevant systematic reviews, and selected 33 for the final analysis. RESULTS:We found scant information on the inclusion of social determinants; the papers lacked specificity regarding race/ethnicity, gender, sexual identity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. The majority of studies focused on dementia, with other conditions common in later life vastly underrepresented. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS:Significant gaps in evidence persist, particularly for interventions targeting diverse conditions and populations. To advance health equity and improve the effectiveness of interventions, research should address caregiver heterogeneity and improve assessment, support, and instruction for diverse populations. Research must identify aspects of heterogeneity that matter in intervention design, while recognizing opportunities for common elements and strategies.
TL;DR: This research applies feature ranking—based on linear support vector machine (SVM) weights—to identify changes within malware families to demonstrate that this technique can detect evolutionary changes inside malware families using an automated and quantifiable machine learning based technique.
Abstract: Malware families typically evolve over a period of time. Differences between malware samples within a single family can originate from various code modifications designed to evade detection, or changes that are made to alter the functionality of the malware itself. Thus, malware samples from the same family from different time periods can exhibit significantly different behavior. In this research, we apply feature ranking—based on linear support vector machine (SVM) weights—to identify changes within malware families. We analyze numerous malware families over extended periods of time. Our goal is to demonstrate that we can detect evolutionary changes within malware families using an automated and quantifiable machine learning based technique.
TL;DR: Telerehabilitation systems can be used as an efficient and user-friendly tool to deliver home-based stroke rehabilitation that enhance patients’ physical recovery and mental and social-emotional wellbeing.
Abstract: Objective: This paper reports a qualitative study of a home-based stroke telerehabilitation system. The telerehabilitation system delivers treatment sessions in the form of daily guided rehabilitation games, exercises, and stroke education in the patient's home. The aims of the current report are to investigate patient perceived benefits of and barriers to using the telerehabilitation system at home.Methods: We used a qualitative study design that involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 participants who were patients in the subacute phase after stroke and had completed a six-week intervention using the home-based telerehabilitation system. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data.Results: Participants mostly reported positive experiences with the telerehabilitation system. Benefits included observed improvements in limb functions, cognitive abilities, and emotional well-being. They also perceived the system easy to use due to the engaging experience and the convenience of conducting sessions at home. Meanwhile, participants pointed out the importance of considering technical support and physical environment at home. Further, family members' support helped them sustain in their rehabilitation. Finally, adjusting difficulty levels and visualizing patients' rehabilitation progress might help them in continued use of the telerehabilitation system.Conclusion: Telerehabilitation systems can be used as an efficient and user-friendly tool to deliver home-based stroke rehabilitation that enhance patients' physical recovery and mental and social-emotional wellbeing. Such systems need to be designed to offer engaging experience, display of recovery progress, and flexibility of schedule and location, with consideration of facilitating and social factors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of a lead independent independent board member on the corporate board is positively associated with investment efficiency, and the role of the lead independent board board member is associated with future firm performance.
16 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compile the largest study to date of 85 globular cluster (GC) systems around UDGs in the Coma cluster, using new deep ground-based imaging of the known UDGs and existing imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope of their GC systems.
Abstract: Ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) reveal extreme properties. Here we compile the largest study to date of 85 globular cluster (GC) systems around UDGs in the Coma cluster, using new deep ground-based imaging of the known UDGs and existing imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope of their GC systems. We find that the richness of GC systems in UDGs generally exceeds that found in normal dwarf galaxies of the same stellar mass. These GC-rich UDGs imply halos more massive than expected from the standard stellar mass-halo mass relation. The presence of such overly massive halos presents a significant challenge to the latest simulations of UDGs in cluster environments. In some exceptional cases, the mass in the GC system is a significant fraction of the stellar content of the host galaxy. We find that rich GC systems tend to be hosted in UDGs of lower luminosity, smaller size and fainter surface brightness. Similar trends are seen for normal dwarf galaxies in the Coma cluster. A toy model is presented in which the GC-rich UDGs are assumed to be `failed' galaxies within massive halos that have largely old, metal-poor, alpha-element enhanced stellar populations. On the other hand, GC-poor UDGs are more akin to normal, low surface brightness dwarfs that occupy less massive dark matter halos. Additional data on the stellar populations of UDGs with GC systems will help to further refine and test this simplistic model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to generate inputs for the ENVI-met model to produce building-scale canyon temperatures within a 300m square near downtown San Jose.