Institution
Sandia National Laboratories
Facility•Livermore, California, United States•
About: Sandia National Laboratories is a facility organization based out in Livermore, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Combustion. The organization has 21501 authors who have published 46724 publications receiving 1484388 citations. The organization is also known as: SNL & Sandia National Labs.
Topics: Laser, Combustion, Thin film, Hydrogen, Finite element method
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the usable energy of anaerobic life in subsurface environments and found that in groundwater of near neutral pH the three functional groups see roughly equivalent amounts of usable energy.
Abstract: A tenet of geomicrobiology is that anaerobic life in the subsurface arranges itself into zones, according to a thermodynamic ladder. Iron reducers, given access to ferric minerals, use their energetic advantage to preclude sulfate reduction. Sulfate reducers exclude methanogens in the same way, by this tenet, wherever the environment provides sulfate. Examining usable energy—the energy in excess of a cell's internal stores—in subsurface environments, we find that in groundwater of near neutral pH the three functional groups see roughly equivalent amounts. Iron reducers hold a clear energetic advantage under acidic conditions, but may be unable to grow in alkaline environments. The calculations fail to identify a fixed thermodynamic hierar- chy among the groups. In long-term bioreactor experiments, usable energy did not govern microbial activity. Iron reducers and sulfate reducers, instead of competing for energy, entered into a tightly balanced mutualistic relationship. Results of the study show thermodynamics does not invariably favor iron reducers relative to sulfate reducers, which in turn do not necessarily have an energetic advantage over methano- gens. The distribution of microbial life in the subsurface is controlled by ecologic and physiologic factors, and cannot be understood in terms of thermodynamics alone.
260 citations
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260 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of crack face boundary conditions on the fracture mechanics of piezoelectric solids are studied, and the results illustrate that the impermeable assumption can lead to significant errors regarding the effect of the electric fields on crack propagation based on an energy release rate criterion.
260 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy to investigate the active particle population in phase-separating electrode lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4; LFP).
Abstract: Many battery electrodes contain ensembles of nanoparticles that phase-separate on (de)intercalation. In such electrodes, the fraction of actively intercalating particles directly impacts cycle life: a vanishing population concentrates the current in a small number of particles, leading to current hotspots. Reports of the active particle population in the phase-separating electrode lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4; LFP) vary widely, ranging from near 0% (particle-by-particle) to 100% (concurrent intercalation). Using synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy, we probed the individual state-of-charge for over 3,000 LFP particles. We observed that the active population depends strongly on the cycling current, exhibiting particle-by-particle-like behaviour at low rates and increasingly concurrent behaviour at high rates, consistent with our phase-field porous electrode simulations. Contrary to intuition, the current density, or current per active internal surface area, is nearly invariant with the global electrode cycling rate. Rather, the electrode accommodates higher current by increasing the active particle population. This behaviour results from thermodynamic transformation barriers in LFP, and such a phenomenon probably extends to other phase-separating battery materials. We propose that modifying the transformation barrier and exchange current density can increase the active population and thus the current homogeneity. This could introduce new paradigms to enhance the cycle life of phase-separating battery electrodes.
260 citations
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TL;DR: A review of current state-of-the-art commercial central receiver systems and emerging technologies intended to increase the outlet temperature to >700°C is provided in this paper, where particle-based, gas-based and liquid-based receiver designs are discussed.
260 citations
Authors
Showing all 21652 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Lily Yeh Jan | 162 | 467 | 73655 |
Jongmin Lee | 150 | 2257 | 134772 |
Jun Liu | 138 | 616 | 77099 |
Gerbrand Ceder | 137 | 682 | 76398 |
Kevin M. Smith | 114 | 1711 | 78470 |
Henry F. Schaefer | 111 | 1611 | 68695 |
Thomas Bein | 109 | 677 | 42800 |
David Chandler | 107 | 424 | 52396 |
Stephen J. Pearton | 104 | 1913 | 58669 |
Harold G. Craighead | 101 | 569 | 40357 |
Edward Ott | 101 | 669 | 44649 |
S. Das Sarma | 100 | 951 | 58803 |
Richard M. Crooks | 97 | 419 | 31105 |
David W. Murray | 97 | 699 | 43372 |
Alán Aspuru-Guzik | 97 | 628 | 44939 |