Santa Fe Institute

About: Santa Fe Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Complex network. The organization has 558 authors who have published 4558 publications receiving 396015 citations. The organization is also known as: SFI.

Allocation Rules for Network Games

Abstract: Previous allocation rules for network games, such as the Myerson Value, implicitly or explicitly take the network structure as fixed. In many situations, however, the network structure can be altered by players. This means that the value of alternative network structures (not just sub-networks) can and should influence the allocation of value among players on any given network structure. I present a family of allocation rules that incorporate information about alternative network structures when allocating value.

From QCD-based hard-scattering to nonextensive statistical mechanical descriptions of transverse momentum spectra in high-energy p p and p p ̄ collisions

Abstract: Transverse spectra of both jets and hadrons obtained in high-energy $pp$ and $p\overline{p}$ collisions at central rapidity exhibit power-law behavior of $1/{p}_{T}^{n}$ at high ${p}_{T}$. The power index $n$ is 4--5 for jet production and is 6--10 for hadron production. Furthermore, the hadron spectra spanning over 14 orders of magnitude down to the lowest ${p}_{T}$ region in $pp$ collisions at the LHC can be adequately described by a single nonextensive statistical mechanical distribution that is widely used in other branches of science. This suggests indirectly the possible dominance of the hard-scattering process over essentially the whole ${p}_{T}$ region at central rapidity in high-energy $pp$ and $p\overline{p}$ collisions. We show here direct evidences of such a dominance of the hard-scattering process by investigating the power indices of UA1 and ATLAS jet spectra over an extended ${p}_{T}$ region and the two-particle correlation data of the STAR and PHENIX collaborations in high-energy $pp$ and $p\overline{p}$ collisions at central rapidity. We then study how the showering of the hard-scattering product partons alters the power index of the hadron spectra and leads to a hadron distribution that may be cast into a single-particle nonextensive statistical mechanical distribution. Because of such a connection, the nonextensive statistical mechanical distribution may be considered as a lowest-order approximation of the hard-scattering of partons followed by the subsequent process of parton showering that turns the jets into hadrons, in high-energy $pp$ and $p\overline{p}$ collisions.

Using sonification

Abstract: The idea behind sonification is that synthetic nonverbal sounds can represent numerical data and provide support for information processing activities of many differentkinds. This article describes some of the ways that sonification has been used in assistive technologies, remote collaboration, engineering analyses, scientific visualisations, emergency services and aircraft cockpits. Approaches for designing sonifications are surveyed, and issues raised by the existing approaches and applications are outlined. Relationsare drawn to other areas of knowledge where similar issueshave also arisen, such as human-computer interaction, scientific visualisation, and computer music. At the end is a listof resources that will help you delve further into the topic.

Tranching, CDS and Asset Prices: How Financial Innovation Can Cause Bubbles and Crashes

Abstract: We show how the timing of financial innovation might have contributed to the mortgage bubble and then to the crash of 2007-2009. We show why tranching and leverage first raised asset prices and why CDS lowered them afterwards. This may seem puzzling, since it implies that creating a derivative tranche in the securitization whose payoffs are identical to the CDS will raise the underlying asset price while the CDS outside the securitization lowers it. The resolution of the puzzle is that the CDS lowers the value of the underlying asset since it is equivalent to tranching cash.

Strong reciprocity and team production: Theory and evidence

Abstract: Punishment of shirkers is often an effective means of attenuating incentive problems and sustaining coordination in work teams. Explanations of the motivation to punish generally rely either on small group size or on a Folk theorem that requires coordinated punishment and, hence, highly accurate information concerning the behavior of each player. We pro- vide a model of team production in which the punishment of shirkers depends on strong reciprocity: the willingness of some team members to contribute altruistically to a joint project and also to bear costs in order to discipline fellow members who do not con- tribute. This alternative does not require small group size, complex coordinated punishing activities, or implausible informational assumptions. An experimental public goods game provides evidence for the behavioral relevance of strong reciprocity and how it differs from unconditional altruism. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.