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Institution

Santa Fe Institute

NonprofitSanta Fe, New Mexico, United States
About: Santa Fe Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Complex network. The organization has 558 authors who have published 4558 publications receiving 396015 citations. The organization is also known as: SFI.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analyzing data from a set of individuals identified during acute hepatitis B virus infection and developing mathematical models to test the role of immune responses in various stages of early HBV infection shows that it is necessary to hypothesize that newly generated uninfected cells are refractory to productive infection.
Abstract: During acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection viral loads reach high levels (≈1010 HBV DNA per ml), and nearly every hepatocyte becomes infected. Nonetheless, ≈85–95% of infected adults clear the infection. Although the immune response has been implicated in mediating clearance, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. As infection clears, infected cells are replaced by uninfected ones. During much of this process the virus remains plentiful but nonetheless does not rekindle infection. Here, we analyze data from a set of individuals identified during acute HBV infection and develop mathematical models to test the role of immune responses in various stages of early HBV infection. Fitting the models to data we are able to separate the kinetics of the noncytolytic and the cytolytic immune responses, thus explaining the relative contribution of these two processes. We further show that we need to hypothesize that newly generated uninfected cells are refractory to productive infection. Without this assumption, viral resurgence is observed as uninfected cells are regenerated. Such protection, possibly mediated by cytokines, may also be important in resolving other acute viral infections.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that 5,310 years ago, maize in the Tehuacan Valley was on the whole genetically closer to modern maize than to its wild counterpart, sharply contrasting with the ubiquity of derived alleles in living landraces.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a random intersection graph is constructed by assigning independently to each vertex a subset of a given set and drawing an edge between two vertices if and only if their respective subsets intersect.
Abstract: A random intersection graph is constructed by assigning independently to each vertex a subset of a given set and drawing an edge between two vertices if and only if their respective subsets intersect. In this article a model is developed in which each vertex is given a random weight and vertices with larger weights are more likely to be assigned large subsets. The distribution of the degree of a given vertex is characterized and is shown to depend on the weight of the vertex. In particular, if the weight distribution is a power law, the degree distribution will be as well. Furthermore, an asymptotic expression for the clustering in the graph is derived. By tuning the parameters of the model, it is possible to generate a graph with arbitrary clustering, expected degree, and—in the power-law case—tail exponent.

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper defines semantic information as the syntactic information that a physical system has about its environment which is causally necessary for the system to maintain its own existence, and uses recent results in non-equilibrium statistical physics to analyse semantic information from a thermodynamic point of view.
Abstract: Shannon information theory provides various measures of so-called syntactic information, which reflect the amount of statistical correlation between systems. By contrast, the concept of ‘semantic i...

110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A rapid and well-organized response to a bioterrorist attack would be necessary for effective surveillance and containment to control spread, but at a cost of many more vaccinated.

110 citations


Authors

Showing all 606 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
James Hone127637108193
James H. Brown12542372040
Alan S. Perelson11863266767
Mark Newman117348168598
Bette T. Korber11739249526
Marten Scheffer11135073789
Peter F. Stadler10390156813
Sanjay Jain10388146880
Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen102128648138
Dirk Helbing10164256810
Oliver G. Pybus10044745313
Andrew P. Dobson9832244211
Carel P. van Schaik9432926908
Seth Lloyd9249050159
Andrew W. Lo8537851440
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202341
202241
2021297
2020309
2019263
2018231