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Showing papers by "Sao Paulo State University published in 1984"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study shows the distribution of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in eight species of fresh-water fish of family Anostomidae belonging to the genera Leporinus, Leporellus and Schizodon using silver staining techniques.
Abstract: SUMMARYThe present study shows the distribution of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in eight species of fresh-water fish of family Anostomidae belonging to the genera Leporinus, Leporellus and Schizodon, using silver staining techniques. Only two NORs per karyotype were encountered in all the species investigated. Despite the karyotypic similarity of these species, NORs appear in distinct chromosome and/or positions, thus representing excellent cytologic markers.

85 citations


DOI
01 Oct 1984
TL;DR: Comparaison de la biologie florale de 2 especes de Philodendron dans leur habitat naturel a Sao Paulo.
Abstract: Comparaison de la biologie florale de 2 especes de Philodendron dans leur habitat naturel a Sao Paulo

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1984-Genetica
TL;DR: C-banding analysis of the mitotic chromosomes revealed constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of all acrocentrics, however, small metacentrics were C-band negative.
Abstract: Chromosomes of Eigenmannia sp. (7 males and 15 females) collected from the Tiete River in Botucatu (SP, Brazil) were examined from gill, kidney and testicular cells. The diploid chromosome number in males was 2n=31 and in females, 2n=32. In both sexes the number of chromosomal arms was 40. The difference in diploid number was due to the fusion of two acrocentrics. Mitotic and meiotic studies suggested that one of the fused acrocentrics was the Y chromosome. The sex-determining mechanism in Eigenmannia sp. could therefore be XX, AA in the female and X, \-YA A in the males. One of the males presented 2n=30 chromosomes due to the occurrence of another fusion of acrocentrics. C-banding analysis of the mitotic chromosomes revealed constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of all acrocentrics. However, small metacentrics were C-band negative. The YA chromosome is C-band negative except for a small amount of heterochromatin in the centromeric region. The nucleolar organizer region as identified by Ag-staining is present in the interstitial region of chromosome pair No. 10.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model is proposed for the early evolution of the coding mechanism and the existance of overlapping homologies indicates an approach to the reconstruction of an ancestral molecule.
Abstract: A model is proposed for the early evolution of the coding mechanism. A primordial RNA embodies the functions of today's nucleic acids in a single molecule. The molecule is generated by successive rounds of self-priming and -templating. After proximity is assured by enclosure in a cell, the functions can be partitioned among more efficient specialized molecules. The prediction of sequence homologies in later forms prompted a search for matches between t- and r-RNAs. These are described. Their distributions offer clues to their origins. The existance of overlapping homologies indicates an approach to the reconstruction of an ancestral molecule.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pectinesterase (PE) was partially purified from papaya pulp, and its biochemical properties were studied in this article, where the enzyme was eluted in a single peak after DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography.
Abstract: Pectinesterase (PE) was partially purified from papaya pulp, and its biochemical properties were studied. The enzyme was eluted in a single peak after DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The PE had a molecular weight of 53000 and showed an optimum pH of 8.0. Its activity was dependent on an NaCl concentration of 0.2M. The enzyme was heat stable: approximately 80% of the original activity remained after 60 min of heating at 50°C but completely inactivated by incubation at 80°C for 1 min. The activity was linear with time and protein concentration. The maximum reaction in 3 min was found at 60°C and the initial rate increased 9-fold from 20 to 60°C. The estimated Km was 0.12g litre−1 with citrus pectin as the substrate. The kinetic study revealed that polygalactur-onic acid is a competitive inhibitor, and a Ki value of 0.07 g litre−1 was determined. On the basis of this study, papaya PE properties resembled those of pectinesterase from other sources.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in diploid number were accompanied by differences in the number of acrocentric chromosomes present in the complement in two fish species of the family Gymnotidae.
Abstract: SUMMARYKaryotype studies were carried out on two fish species of the family Gymnotidae. In five samples of Gymnotus carapo from different localities chromosome number varied from 2n = 42 to 2n = 54. Specimens from the Amazon Basin had 2n = 42 (Belem—State of Para) and 2n = 48 (Humaita - State of Amazonas); from the Parana Basin, 2n = 52 (Brotas—State of Sao Paulo) and 2n = 54 (Botucatu—State of Sao Paulo); from the East Basins, 2n = 54 (Miracatu—State of Sao Paulo). These differences in diploid number were accompanied by differences in the number of acrocentric chromosomes present in the complement. Only one sample of Gymnotus sp., from Miracatu, was analyzed. Here the diploid number was 2n = 52 and the complement was similar to that of G. carapo from Brotas.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present observations reveal that the columnar cells of the midgut responded cytologically in the same way to fasting as they did to exposure to the toxic spores of B. thuringiensis.

32 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cholinergic and adrenergic agonists and antagonists were injected directly into the subfornical organ (SFO), via implanted cannulae, and the volume of water ingested was recorded over a period of 1 hour after injection.
Abstract: Cholinergic and adrenergic agonists and antagonists were injected directly into the subfornical organ (SFO), via implanted cannulae, and the volume of water ingested was recorded over a period of 1 hour after injection. Application of 2 nmol carbachol caused intense water intake in 100% of the animals (8.78 +/- 0.61 ml), with a very short intake latency. When the 2 nmol carbachol dose was preceded by increased doses of atropine, a progressive reduction in water intake was observed, with complete blockage of the thirst-inducing response to carbachol at the 20 nmol dose level with atropine. Followed by several doses of hexamethonium, the water intake caused by application of 2 nmol carbachol was reduced, although the response was not totally blocked. Injection of 80 nmol of nicotine had a significant thirst-inducing effect in 50% of the animals studied (1.06 +/- 0.18 ml) and increase in water intake was further reduced by application of increased doses of hexamethonium. Raising the dose levels of noradrenaline into the SFO caused an increase in water intake although to a lesser degree than was observed after carbachol injection. When the 40 nmol dose of noradrenaline was preceded by increased doses of propranolol (5 to 40 nmol), there was a gradual reduction in water intake, with total blockage at the 40 nmol dose. Application of phentolamine in doses of 10 to 80 nmol caused no reduction in water intake after 40 nmol of noradrenaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results with the Nif− strains provide evidence for the existence of two reductase activities, one of which is expressed in the presence of Mo (dinitrogenase reduct enzyme) and the other in the absence ofMo (alternative reduCTase).

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a trabalho analisa as possibilidades das estimativas das areas (9) of foliolos do apice, meio e base of folhas de Cassia tora L.
Abstract: O trabalho analisa as possibilidades das estimativas das areas (9) de foliolos do apice, meio e base de folhas de Cassia tora L., atraves das equacoes lineares (Y = A + BX ) e (Y = BX), geometricas ou potenciais (Y= A XB ) e exponenciais (Y = ABX ). O valor de X e tomado das medidas lineares do foliolo, a saber: comprimento da nervura principal (C) , largura maxima perpendicular a nervura principal (L) ou o produto C.L. A analise de 360 foliolos mostra que as areas podem ser estimadas de maneira proporcional ao retângulo C x L. Os coeficientes de correcao foram 0,6711 para os foliolos do apice, 0,7404 para as medianas e 0,7759 para as da base. Houve diferencas estatisticamente significativas entre os coeficientes, nao sendo possivel estabelecer-se um unico coeficiente para os tres foliolos.


01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a maquina revolucionou a Lexicografia, podendo executar tarefas basicas e enfadonhas como: compilar, classifying, and ordenar dados lexicos e contextuais.
Abstract: Tres topicos sao examinados: 1) Historia sucinta da Lexicografia de duas linguas latinas (espanhol e frances) e do portugues. Sao avaliados os principais dicionarios dessas linguas do seculo XVI ao seculo XX. 2) Tipologia de obras lexicograficas. Sao indicados e comentados os principais tipos de dicionario existentes nas linguas latinas e no ingles. 3) O uso do computador na Lexicografia contemporânea. Essa maquina revolucionou a Lexicografia, podendo executar tarefas basicas e enfadonhas como: compilar, classificar e ordenar dados lexicos e contextuais para a confeccao de dicionarios e depois recupera-los facilmente e com rapidez.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High levels of a precipitating antibody to a saline extract of brain tissue were detected in all patients; leucocyte migration inhibition test with the same antigen was found to be positive in most of them and the role of this autoimmune response in the pathogenesis of West and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes remains to the elucidated.
Abstract: We investigated humoral and cellular immune response to brain tissues in 15 patients with West syndrome, in 9 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and in 20 healthy children. High levels of a precipitating antibody to a saline extract of brain tissue were detected in all patients; leucocyte migration inhibition test with the same antigen was found to be positive in most of them. The role of this autoimmune response in the pathogenesis of West and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes remains to the elucidated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of enrichment with phosphate (0−500 µg. 1−1) and forms of nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia an and urea) (0 −3500 µgg. −1) on the phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir (Brazil) were studied in July, 1979 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The effects of enrichment with phosphate (0–500 µg. 1−1) and forms of nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia an and urea) (0–3500 µgg. −1) on the phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir (Brazil) were studied in July, 1979. Suspended matter, chlorophyll a, cell concentrations and the carotenoid:cchlorophyll ratio were estimated following 14 days of ‘in situ’ incubation. Phosphate alone caused no significant effects, but enrichment with nitrogen caused a substantial increase on the growth of phytoplankton. Comparison between the different forms of nitrogen showed insignificant effects after their additions with 350 µg. −1 and in combination with phosphate. However, when nitrogen was added in large quantities (3 500 µg. −1), significant differences between the nitrogeneous forms were found, with urea causing the strongest effect. In July, nitrogen is mhe main limiting nutrient to phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, considered to be adapted to man, were inoculated intragastrically and intravenously into Swiss mice and the kinetics of infection was established.
Abstract: Yersinia enterocolitica of different serotypes andY intermedia, Y frederiksenii, andY kristensenii, in a total of nine strains, were inoculated intragastrically and intravenously into Swiss mice The animals were observed daily to check for clinical alterations Groups of five were killed intermittently at 6-h, and 3-, 6-, 10-, 15-,and 21-day periods or more after the inoculation; possible macroscopic alterations of the organs and tissues were checked Development of infection at these periods was followed by performing viable bacterial counts on homogenates of selected tissues and the kinetics of infection was established Clinical and pathologic alterations occurred only in the animals inoculated with the human strains ofY enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:8, independent of the route of infection After intragastric inoculation, theY enterocolitica strains considered to be adapted to man were isolated from all organs and tissues, with the exception of the blood, from which only serotype 0:8 was isolated; otherYersinia strains were found only in the cecal content After intravenous challenge, all the strains infected the organs and tissues at different times and in varied intensity, with exception of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, which were not infected by all theYersinia strains


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of coalescence of teeth previously defined for the Tetraodontoid fishes is extended to some other teleostomes and comments are made on the «dentigerous plates» of non-teleostomian fishes and on the dermal plates bearing odontodes found in some fossil groups.
Abstract: In this paper the concept of coalescence of teeth previously defined for the Tetraodontoid fishes is extended to some other teleostomes. Comments are made on the «dentigerous plates» of non-teleostomian fishes and on the dermal plates bearing odontodes found in some fossil groups.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main caracteristics of the peanut production affected by weed s were grain and pod production per plant and per hectare pod number per plants and plot and, also, gram dimensions distribution.
Abstract: Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de diferentes periodos de matocompeticao sobre o crescimento e produtividade da cultura do amendoim cultivar Tatu-53, conduziu -se o presente experimento sobre solo Latossol Vermelho escuro fase arenosa na regiao de Jaboticabal, SP Constituiram-se os tratamentos de varios periodos de convivencia da comunidade infestante na cultura do amendoim, considerados a partir da emergencia da cultura ate 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 e 117 dias (colheita) Apos o periodo de convivencia, a cultura foi mantida no limpo atraves de capinas na entre-linha e monda na linha de semeadura, a cada duas semanas Houve ainda, um tratamento em que a cultura foi mantida no limpo durante todo o ciclo O espacamento foi de 0,60 m com densidade de 25 sementes por metro de sulco As principais especies de plantas daninhas que ocorreram na area experimental foram Cenchrus echinatus L, Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop, Alternantera ficoidea (L) R Br, Emilia sonchifolia DC e Sida spp O periodo em que a competicao torna-se critica para a produtividade do amendoim inicia-se entre 42 e 56 dias do ciclo da cultura Os parâmetros produtivos afetados pela matocompeticao foram producao de vagens e graos por hectare e por individuos, numero medio de vagens por planta e por parcela e distribuicao de graos de diferentes tamanhos na massa produzida


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cell-mediated and humoral immunity were investigated in patients with West syndrome, 12 with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and 19 healthy controls, finding cell-mediated deficiency was detected in 28 children whereas low levels of immunoglobulins were observed only in 6 children.
Abstract: Cell-mediated and humoral immunity were investigated in 18 patients with West syndrome, 12 with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and 19 healthy controls. The study included determination of T and B peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM, skin sensibilization with DNCB, intracutaneous PHA, leucocyte migration inhibition test and lymphocyte blastic transformation in the presence of PHA. Cell-mediated deficiency was detected in 28 children whereas low levels of immunoglobulins were observed only in 6 children. Immunological disturbances were more prominent in children with West syndrome.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A polarographic method for the measurement of the available oxygen in the muscle of living carp by the use of a platinum microelectrode is proposed and can be considered adequate for the measurements of tissue oxygen in living fishes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Levamisole may be of value as additional therapy in paracoccidioidomycosis because of the normal levels of cellular immune response and inflammatory reaction characterized by compact epithelioid granuloma during a longer period of time.
Abstract: The effect of levamisole (LMS) was studied in hamsters inoculated with live yeast phase culture of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by intratesticular route. One group started LMS therapy at an early stage of infection (LMS3 group), when the animals were immunocompetent, and another group was treated in a later stage, when the immune response was already depressed (LMS12 group). As control, one group was not treated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Karyotypes were compared in 5 species of Aratinga (Psittaciformes) by the conventional Giemsa staining, with cytobiometry, and G- and C-banding, and the reduced chromosome number was attributed to the fusion of micro Chromosomes into macrochromosomes.
Abstract: Karyotypes were compared in 5 species of Aratinga (Psittaciformes). The macrochromosomes of each species were analysed by the conventional Giemsa staining, with cytobiometry, and G- and C-banding. All the species showed 2n=70 chromosomes. These karyotypic data are compared to those in the literature on nine other parrot species. The reduced chromosome number in Aratinga was attributed to the fusion of microchromosomes into macrochromosomes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall results were very similar to those obtained from research with European breeds in temperate areas, with significant effects for genetic group, age of cow, month and year of calving, and lactation length.
Abstract: Data from 5270 lactation records of 1380 cows sired by 132 bulls and recorded from 1962 to 1977 were analysed. Statistical analyses, using least squares and maximum likelihood methods, showed significant effects for genetic group, age of cow, month and year of calving, and lactation length. Overall mean milk yield was 2780 kg (CV = 0·31) with mean lactation length of 281 days. Maximum production occurred in the fifth lactation (104 or 105 months of age at calving) with a yield of 1·3 times that of the first lactation. Repeatability estimated by intraclass correlation was 0·40 (s.e. 0·03). Heritability estimated from paternal half-sib correlation was 0·16 (s.e. 0·06). Overall results were very similar to those obtained from research with European breeds in temperate areas.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Mice incapable of an antibody response to polysaccharide capsular antigens effectively controlled rickettsial infection with no mortality, and nude mice produced antibody to thymus-independent antigen early in the course of infection, yet experienced severe ricketsial infection resulting in deaths.
Abstract: In order to determine the definitive importance of T- and B-lymphocytes in immunity to Rickettsia conorii, mice genetically deficient in T-cells, B-cells, or both T- and B-cells were infected experimentally. T-lymphocytes rather than humoral antibodies were crucial to rickettsial clearance and a reduced mortality rate. Mice incapable of an antibody response to polysaccharide capsular antigens effectively controlled rickettsial infection with no mortality. In contrast, nude mice produced antibody to thymus-independent antigens early in the course of infection, yet experienced severe rickettsial infection resulting in deaths. The observed hepatic lesions are similar to those of boutonneuse fever. This model offers the opportunity to investigate rickettsial immune mechanisms and hepatic injury.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors studied, through replantation of rat incisors, the effect of extraalveolar time upon postoperative events, and Root resorption and ankylosis seemed to be particularly affected by this factor.
Abstract: The authors studied, through replantation of rat incisors, the effect of extraalveolar time upon postoperative events. Root resorption and ankylosis seemed to be particularly affected by this factor.