Showing papers by "Sao Paulo State University published in 1985"

Correlation between cell-mediated immunity and clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis

Abstract: Cellular immune response to specific and non-specific stimulants was investigated, both in vivo and in vitro, in 29 healthy controls and in 53 previously untreated patients with the chronic isolated organic form (CIOF), the chronic mixed form (CMF) and the acute progressive form (APF) of paracoccidioidomycosis. The study included skin tests to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (PbAg) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), DNCB sensitization, determination of T lymphocytes and complement rosette-forming cells, lymphocyte transformation and leucocyte migration inhibition tests using PbAg and PHA. Patients displayed staggered cutaneous response to PHA and to PbAg, with marked decrease in intensity in the APF group. DNCB sensitization test and proliferative response of lymphocytes to PHA and PbAg were severely depressed in most of the patients. Leucocyte migration inhibition indices to PbAg were highly positive, while response to PHA was slightly decreased regardless of the clinical form. The number of T lymphocytes was reduced in most of patients and in them the number of complement-rosette forming cells was normal. The distribution of patients according to a suppression index, based in the results of the tests employed, revealed a tendency towards an increased degree of cellular immunosuppression from the least severe (CIOF) to the most severe (APF) clinical form of the disease. On the whole, the present study demonstrated a gamut of immunological reactivity in paracoccidioidomycosis.

Spontaneous triploidy and NOR activity in Eigenmannia sp. (Pisces, Sternopygidae) from the Amazon basin

Abstract: The occurrence of a natural triploid among diploid individuals of Eigenmannia sp from the Amazon basin is described. The diploid individuals had 2n=31 and 32 chromosomes, the difference in chromosome number being due to a Robertsonian rearrangement. The triploid individual presented 2n=46 and had two fused acrocentrics. NOR activity was present in the three homologues of triploid and a NOR polymorphism was detected in the triploid and diploids.

Supernumerary System in Proechimys Iheringi Iheringi (Rodentia, Echimyidae), from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract: SUMMARYIn a sample of 13 animals (8 males and 5 females) of the spiny rat Proechimys iheringi theringi from three localities of the State of Sao Paulo (Casa Grande, Ubatuba and Iguape) the diploid numbers were 2n = 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 chromosomes due to the presence of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minute supernumerary chromosomes, respectively. G- and C-band patterns, localization of the nucleolus organizer regions (NOR's) and R-banding obtained after 5-BrdUrd incorporation are presented.

Characterization of Pinhão Starch. Part I. Extraction and Properties of the Starch Granules

Abstract: The starch fraction of Pinhao, the seeds of Pinheiro do Parana (Araucaria angustifolia, Bert, O. Ktze) was easily extracted and represents 21.87% of total weight. The low content of protein, fat and ash accounts for the efficiency of the extraction and purification. Pinhao starch shows an amylose level and strong anionic characteristic similar to corn starch. The round-shaped granules are smaller than those of cassava and similarly resistent to DMSO solubilization, what suggests a very homogenous granular structure. Charakterisierung der Pinhao-Starke. Teil 1. Extraktion und Eigen-schaften der Starkekorner. Die Starkefraktion von Pinhao, den Samen von Pinheiro do Parana, (Araucaria angustifolia, Bert, O. Ktze) lies sich nach einer in Wasser durchgefuhrten Zerkleinerung leicht gewinnen. Verunreinigungen liesen sich durch alkalische Be-handlung erfolgreich entfernen, wie aus dem niedrigen Gehalt an Protein, Fett und Asche hervorgeht. Der Amylosegehalt war dem der Maisstarke vergleichbar. Die runden Korner sind kleiner als die von Cassavastarke und ahnlich resistent gegenuber DMSO-Loslichkeit. was auf eine sehr homogene Struktur hindeutet.

Toxoplasmose em animais silvestres e domésticos da região de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract: Os Autores analisaram soros de 47 Cannis familiaris, de 9 Felis cattus, de 64 Didelphis marsupialis aurita, de 9 Dasypus novemcinctus, de 4 Cabassous tatouay e de 29 Rattus rattus, atraves da reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta, para pesquisar a presenca de anticorpos anti Toxoplasma gondii. Estes foram encontrados apenas em C. familiaris (63,8%) e em D. m. aurita (4,7%). Frente aos resultados obtidos, os Autores sugerem que novas pesquisas nesta area sejam realizadas, para que se conheca melhor a importância epidemiologica de varias especies animais na disseminacao da toxoplasmose.

Uma nova espécie de Crossodactylus da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)

Abstract: Crossodactylus bokermanni, sp. n., is described from Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brasil. The new species is characterized by the small size (20-27 mm), slender build, long legs, narrow head, long and acuminate snout, rounded but fairly defined canthus rostralis, and small tympanum. Also, notes on its habits are made and its tadpole is described.

Potassium uptake by soybean as affected by exchangeable potassium in soil

Abstract: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) has been shown to have a great capacity to take K from soil, suggesting that it might absorb K from non‐exchangeable forms. In this paper, the effect of level of K fertilization on soil exchangeable K content and K uptake by soybean are discussed. The experiment was conducted on a Typic Haplortox (sandy loam), fertilized with 0, 40, 80, 160 and 240 kg K2O/ha as KC1 or K2SO4. During five years before the experiment, half of the plots received those K rates annually and the other half only in the first three years, providing an opportunity to study the residual effect of applied K. Plant samples were taken at pod filling and at harvest. Soil cores were collected in 20 cm increments down to 80 cm deep at plant emergence, pod filling and after harvest. There was a residual effect of K, and 240 kg K2O/ha applied in a 3‐year term led to the same yield and K uptake as 80 kg ICO/ha applied annually for 3 years. Fertilized plants absorbed 160% more K than unfertilized on...

Characterization of Pinhão Starch. Part II. Rheological Properties of the Pastes

Abstract: Pinhao starch paste shows a viscoamylographic pattern that is not usual for cereal or tuber sources, being more closely related to leguminosae starches. The gel is highly resistant to heat and mechanical stirring and it shows a relatively low retrogradation. There is no peak viscosity and the gel is not easily cooked. The opacity is similar to that of cassava starch paste, when hot, and to that of corn, in cold conditions. Viscoelastic characteristics of the paste show a short-bodied behaviour, more similar to corn starch paste, although some elasticity may be clearly observed. The rheological properties of this starch make it a potential additive for blending with other starches, mainly for use in some processed acid foods submitted to cold storage. Charakterisierung der Pinhaostarke. Teil 2. Die rheologischen Eigenschaften ihrer Pasten. Die aus Pinhaostarke hergestellten Pasten zeigen ein charakteristisches Verhalten. Die Temperatur zu ihrer Herstellung ist relativ niedrig. Wenn die Pasten auch eine gewisse Elastizitat zeigen. so ist ihr viskoelastisches Verhalten dem der Maisstarke doch sehr ahnlich. Pinhaostarke-Pasten haben bei hohen Temperaturen eine der Cassavastarke-Pasten ahnliche Durchsichtigkeit und sind bei niedrigen Temperaturen ahnlich durchsichtig wie Maisstarke-Pasten. Durch Viskographie zeigte sich, das Pinhaostarke-Paste ein schwer kochbares Gel bildet. Dieses Gel ist besonders hitzestabil, zerfallt kaum bei mechanischer Einwirkung und retrogradiert fast nicht. Diese Eigenarten weisen auf die Anwendbarkeit von Pinhaostarke in schwach sauren Lebensmitteln hin, die bei niedrigen Temperaturen gelagert werden.

Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the mouse. III. Histopathological and immunological findings after intravenous infection in the presence or absence of previous immunization

Abstract: Fifty male white Swiss mice aged 4 weeks were inoculated with 5 x 105 viable yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (strain 18). Ten of these animals had been previously immunized with particulate P. brasiliensis antigenfor 4 weeks by intradermal injection. The controls consisted of 10 animals that were only immunized and 10 animals submitted to no treatment. The animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 7,11 and 16 weeks later. We studied: 1) the anti-P. brasiliensis delayed hypersensitivity response measured by the footpad test 24 hours prior to sacrifice; 2) the specific antibody production measured by double immunodiffusion in agar gel; 3) the histopathology of lungs, liver, spleen, adrenals and kidneys. We observed that: a) the immunized animals developed more intense cell-immune responses than the infected ones; b) infection reduced the cell- immune response of the immunized animals; c) intravenous infection of mice with P. brasiliensis was characterized by a systemic and progressive granulomatous inflammation. The animals infected after previous immunization showed less extensive lung inflammation, with smaller granulomas and fewer fungi. The results indicate that the present murine model mimics some findings of the human subacute form of paracoccidioidomycosis (systemic disease with depressed cellular immunity) and that the extrapulmonary immunization scheme was able to induce a certain degree of protection of the lung from infection with P. brasiliensis

The variance of the index (R) of aggregation of Clark and Evans.

Abstract: The exact formula for the variance of the Index (R) of aggregation of Clark and Evans is derived. Due to the fact that R is a dimensionless number, its variance is independent of population density, being only a function of the sample size and so can be manipulated.

Primary production and effects of enrichment with nitrate and phosphate on phytoplankton in the barra-bonita reservoir (state of sao-paulo, brazil)

Abstract: Primary productivity of the phytoplankton was evaluated by the 14C and dissolved oxygen methods in December 1981 at the Barra Bonita Reservoir (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). The primary production varied between 0.17 to 14.51 mg C m−3h−1 at 4 and 0 m depth, respectively. About 57 to 94% of the photosynthetic activity was due to phytoplankton > 50 μm. The highest value of assimilation rate (3.36 mg C mg Chl−1h−1) was found in the surface water. Dissolved nutrient concentrations were very high and consisted mainly of nitrate. Light penetration was low, the aphotic zone accounting for about 90% of the water column. Enrichment with nitrate and phosphate showed that both N and P stimulated the production of biomass (chlorophyll a), mainly due to the addition of phosphate. The enrichment experiment also indicated that phosphate addition has a significant stimulatory effect on the growth of Melosira sp. The limiting effect of light penetration on photosynthetic activity is more severe than that of nutrients.

Desenvolvimento das gônadas de Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Cuterebridae)

Abstract: O trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento das gonadas do berne (D. hominis) durante o periodo pupal. As pupas desenvolvidas de larvas com peso superior a 650 mg, deram imagos femeas, enquanto que as desenvolvidas daquelas pesando entre 500 e 650 mg deram macho, tendo havido um erro ao redor de 5%. Ate o oitavo dia de pupacao os testiculos crescem mais que os ovarios; a partir dai diminui o desenvolvimento, parando de crescer entre o vigesimo e vigesimo quinto dias. A espermatogenese inicia por volta do setimo dia de pupa quando e grande o numero de espermatocitos. No decimo dia alguns testiculos apresentam consideravel numero de espermatides e os espermatozoides comecam a aparecer por volta do vigesimo dia. A espermiogenese desenvolve-se sem interrupcao e ao final da pupacao quase toda loja testicular esta repleta de espermatozoides. Os machos comecam a nascer dois dias antes das femeas. Nessas, os ovariolos aparecem formados por volta do oitavo dia de pupa; os foliculos se individualizam por volta do vigesimo dia de pupa onde se distingue os trofocitos com nucleos politenicos e citoplasmas bem basofilos, enquanto o ovocito tem citoplasma mais acidofilo e nucleo com cromatina bastante frouxa. A vitelogenese tem inicio ao redor do vigesimo quinto dia de pupa e se completa ao nascimento da imago. A ligacao das gonadas com suas respectivas estruturas somaticas acontece ao redor do decimo terceiro dia de pupacao.

Surto de toxinfeccão alimentar por Salmonella bredeney

Abstract: Um surto de toxinfeccao alimentar por S. bredeney ocorreu na cidiade de Araraquara em 1983. A partir da madrugada do dia 7 de abril ate o final da tarde desse mesmo dia, 561 operarios de uma industria apresentaram problemas gastrintestinais. A refeicao suspeita de ser a causadora do surto foi servida para 922 pessoas, no refeitorio da industria, durante o almoco do dia anterior. Tal refeicao constava de carne assada com molho, linguica assada, salada, arroz, feijao, pao, abacaxi, bem como agua e leite. A sintomatologia clinica e a ocorrencia de febre sugeriram um quadro de gastrenterite por Salmonella.

Detecção e conscientização de portadores de hemoglobinopatias nas regiões de São José do Rio Preto e Presidente Prudente, SP (Brasil)

Abstract: Foram analisadas 7.657 amostras de sangue provenientes de 48 cidades das regioes de Sao Jose do Rio Preto e de Presidente Prudente, com o objetivo de detectar e conscientizar os portadores de hemoglobinas anormais. As analises efetuadas mostraram que 3,47% tinham hemoglobinas anormais, sendo 2,26% portadores de variantes moleculares (Hbs, AS, AC, SS, SC, AJ, AB2) e 1,21% de talasse-mias (alfa e beta). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que estudos semelhantes, alem de propiciar o melhor conhecimento das causas geneticas, bioquimicas e hematologicas dessas alteracoes hereditarias, oferecem tambem a oportunidade de estimar a importância que essas patologias representam para a saude publica do nosso pais. A acao preventiva foi estabelecida por meio de reunioes de esclarecimentos medicos e biologicos aos portadores de hemoglobinas anormais.

Developmental Cycle of the Mandibular Glands of Apis Mellifera Workers 2. Effect of Queenlessness

Abstract: SummaryAbout 300 newly-emerged workers were marked and placed in a queenless nucleus containing 3000–5000 bees Samples of 3 marked bees were taken at approximately 5-day intervals over a period of 43 days, and their ovaries and mandibular glands examined Development of the ovaries was detectable from the fifth day of life, and the mandibular gland cells exhibited a greater and more prolonged increase in size than those of workers from a queenright colony The phase of greatest gland development, between 10 and 25 days of age, coincided with that of greatest ovarian development

Biocompatibility of tissue conditioners--histological study in rats.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to verify histologically the biocompatibility of the tissue conditioners, F. I. T. T., Lynal, Visco-gel, and a zinc oxide and eugenol impression paste, when placed in intraoral wounds and surgical osseous cavities in rats. It was possible to conclude that the paste was the most irritating material. Among the tissue conditioners, Lynal and Visco-gel presented similar results and were more biocompatible.The biocompatibility of tissue conditioners was verified histologically using 120 albino rats. The animals operated on in the palatal mucosa were sacrificed after 2, 5, 10, and 15 postoperative days, and those operated on in the mandible were sacrificed after 4, 8, 16, and 30 postoperative days. Based on histological sections, it was possible to conclude that zinc oxide and eugenol impression paste is the most irritating material to the tissues; the tissue conditioners presented varying degrees of biocompatibility and the best results were provided by “Lynal” and “Visco-gel.”