Showing papers by "Sao Paulo State University published in 1995"

Introdução à pesquisa qualitativa e suas possibilidades

Abstract: A historical review of the main authors and their writings that are representative of this particular kind of methodological research in Social Sciences.

Pesquisa qualitativa: tipos fundamentais

Abstract: The qualitative approach ollers three representatives kinds 01doing research: document study, case study and ethnography.

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Histologic categorization and its relationship to ploidy and immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors, p53, and c-erbB-2 protein.

Abstract: Background. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been diagnosed increasingly since the advent of mammography. However, the natural history of these lesions remains uncertain. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast does not represent a single entity but a heterogeneous group with histologic and clinical differences. The histologic subtype of DCIS seems to have an influence on its biologic behavior, but there are few studies correlating subtype with biologic markers. Methods. The authors studied a consecutive series of 40 cases of DCIS and after its histologic categorization verified its relationship with ploidy using image analysis and analyzing estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53 and c-erbB-2 expression using immunohistochemistry. Results. The three groups proposed according to the grade of malignancy were correlated significantly with some of the additional parameters studied, including aneuploidy and c-erbB-2 expression. Aneuploidy was detected in 77.5% of cases of DCIS mainly in high and intermediate grade subtypes (100% and 80% vs. 35.7% in low grade) whereas immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 was detected in 45% of cases of DCIS mainly in the high grade group. Expression of ER and PR were observed frequently in this study (63.9% and 65.7% respectively), but without correlation with the histologic subtype of DCIS, although we found a somewhat significant association between high grade DCIS and lack of ER. p53 protein expression was detected in 36.8% of these cases, but no relationship between this expression and histologic subtype or grading of DCIS was found. Conclusions. These results provide further evidence for the morphologic and biologic heterogeneity of DCIS. Besides histologic classification and nuclear grading, some biologic markers such as aneuploidy and c-erbB-2 expression constitute additional criteria of high grade of malignancy. Cancer 1995 ; 75 :2123-31.

A pesquisa qualitativa e sua utilização em Administração de Empresas

Abstract: Examples of document study, case study and ethnograph as applied to the area of Business Administration.

Effect of the Heat‐Moisture Treatment on the Enzymatic Susceptibility of Corn Starch Granules

Abstract: Normal and waxy corn starches were isolated, adjusted to different levels of moisture and heated at 100°C for 16h. The heat treated starches were hydrolysed with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The starch samples were studied by determining their water-binding capacity, pasting properties, X-ray diffraction and by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the heat-moisture treatment produced an increase in the degree of crystallinity of normal and waxy corn starches at the level of 18% moisture. This result, in conjunction with a significant decrease in the enzymatic susceptibility, suggested a rearrangement of the starch molecules with strengthening of the linkages within the granules. On the other hand, the heat-moisture treatment caused a rupture with further rearrangment of linkages within the granules for normal and waxy corn starches adjusted to the 27% moisture level. This produced a certain degree of starch degradation increasing the accessible regions of the granule to amylolysis. Einflus der Hitze-Feuchtigkeitsbehandlung auf die enzymatische Angreifbarkeit von Maisstarkekornern. Normal und wachsige Maisstarken wurden isoliert, auf verschiedene Feuchtigkeitsgehalte eingestellt und 16h bei 100°C erhitzt. Die hitzebehandelten Starken wurden mit α-Amylase und Amyloglucosidase hydrolysiert. Die Starkeproben wurden untersucht durch Bestimmung ihrer Wasserbindungs-Kapazitat, Verkleisterungseigenschaften, Rontgenbeugung und durch optische und raster-elektronische Mikroskopie. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, das die Hitze-Feuchtigkeitsbehandlung eine Erhohung des Kristallinitatsgrades von normalen und wachsigen Maisstarken bei 18% Feuchtigkeit hervorrief. Dieses Ergebnis in Verbindung mit einer signifikanten Verringerung der enzymatischen Angreifbarkeit last eine Ruckordnung der Starkemolekule vermuten mit einer Festigung der Bindungen innerhalb der Korner. Andererseits verursachte die Ruckordnung der Bindungen innerhalb der Korner bei normalen und wachsigen Maisstarken, die auf 27% Feuchtigkeit eingestellt waren, ein Zerreisen. Dies fuhrte zu einem bestimmten Grad des Starkeabbaues mit Vergroserung der erreichbaren Regionen des Korns gegenuber der Amylolyse.

Ecological integrity and fisheries ecology of the Araguaia-Tocantins river basin, Brazil

Abstract: An attempt is made to evaluate the present environmental impacts of the Tucurui dam on the fisheries and ecological integrity of the Araguaia—Tocantins basin. Management and research needs to minimize the impacts from future hydroprojects and increased human activities in the basin are also addressed. The Tocantins and Araguaia fish fauna is not especially rich by Amazonian standards (about 300 species). Total yields are also rather low (about 8800 t/y) in a river stretch of about 2500 km and unique for being concentrated (90%) in the main channel. Fisheries are heavily dependent on migratory fish and may be severely damaged as a consequence of river regulation. Downstream from the Tucurui Dam important fisheries have been drastically reduced (70%), probably by recruitment failure, lower productivity and overfishing. Upstream from the dam, however, fisheries have benefited from the higher productivity of the artificial lake, although this has not compensated for the regional economic shortages. Management based on ‘basinwise’ catch statistics and fish migration research should take account of likely future disruptions of commercial fisheries by the synergistic effects of other planned impoundments, mining, deforestation and uncontrolled sport fisheries in the middle and upper basins.

Estivation in south-american amphibians and reptiles

Abstract: A number of amphibians and reptiles have cyclic behavior, becoming inactive with the coming of the dry season. In South America this pattern of activity is common, particularly in savannah-like vegetation. During the dry season amphibians burrow into the mud or soil, and either form a cocoon or increase the osmotic concentration of body fluids to reduce evaporative water loss. Some phyllomedusid tree frogs coat their body surface with skin secretion and excrete uric acid to minimize water loss. Reptiles also retreat into shelter deep enough to avoid temperature fluctuation during estivation or reduce metabolic response to temperature. Reduction of temperature sensitivity of the metabolism seems to be a strategy common to estivating amphibians and reptiles. Despite seasonal change of the environment, some species of reptiles are active all year round.

Acute-phase reactions, including cytokines, in patients bitten by bothrops and crotalus snakes in brazil

Abstract: Thirty-one patients bitten by venomous snakes in Botucatu area (State of Sao Paulo - Brazil), sixteen by Bothrops spp. and fifteen by Crotalus durissus terrificus, were studied. The group comprised twenty-nine males and two females, ranging from fourteen to sixty-three years of age (mean 33 ± 15). Leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia, increase of mucoproteins and C-reactive protein, decrease of total serum protein and albumin, were observed on the first day after the accident. In addition, increased serum levels of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, but not of IL-1b and TNF-a, were observed. The alterations were generally more intense in patients bitten by Crotalus durissus terrificus than by Bothrops spp. It is concluded that these snakebite envenomations closely resemble an acute trauma, inducing a typical acute-phase response.

The subdomain structure of human serum albumin in solution under different pH conditions studied by small angle X-ray scattering

Abstract: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study structural characteristics of human serum albumin (HSA) in solution under different pH conditions. Guinier analysis of SAXS results yielded values of the molecular radius of gyration ranging from 26.7 A to 34.5 A for pH varying from 2.5 to 7.0. This suggests the existence of significant differences in the overall shape of the molecule at different pH. Molecular models based on subdomains with different spatial configurations were proposed. The distance distribution functions associated with these models were calculated and compared with those determined from the experimental SAXS intensity functions. The conclusion of this SAXS study is that the arrangement of molecular subdomains is clearly pH dependent; the molecule adopting more or less compact configuration for different pH conditions. The conclusions of this systematic study on the modification in molecular shape of HSA as a response to pH changes is consistent with those of previous investigations performed for particular pH conditions.

Studies on the use of a formic acid-propionic acid mixture (Bio-add) to control experimental Salmonella infection in broiler chickens.

Abstract: Summary Experiments were carried out on the antibacterial effects of a commercial formic acid‐propionic acid mixture (Bio‐add™) against different Salmonella serotypes. The preparation exerted a strong antibacterial effect on S. typhimurium strain F98 in artificially contaminated feed. After 28 days storage, the bactericidal effect was still considerable. When chickens were reared on feed that had been treated with Bio‐add™ and artificially contaminated with different serotypes, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium and S. agona were not isolated from the caecal contents, but S. infantis was. No organisms of this strain were isolated when a lower feed‐contamination rate of bacteria was used.

Analytical chemistry in a liquid film/droplet

Abstract: The measurement of nitrogen dioxide at the parts-perbillion level is described. The experimental arrangement consists of two optical fibers placed on opposite sides of and in contact with a liquid film (14-57 μL in volume) supported on a U-shaped wire guide and two tubular conduits (one of which constitutes the means for the delivery of the liquid). Light from a green (555 nm) light-emitting diode enters the liquid film, composed of Griess-Saltzman reagent The transmitted light is measured by a referenced photodetection arrangement Sample gas flows past the droplet at a low flow rate (typically 0.10-0.25 L/min). The response is proportional to the sampling period and the analyte concentration. The limit of detection for this nonoptimized arrangement is estimated to be <10 ppb by volume for a 5 min sample. Some unusual characteristics are observed. The initial absorbance, when most of the analyte/reaction product is still near the surface, is higher than that when the content of the droplet is fully mixed. The signal depends on the sample flow rate in a nonmonotonic fashion, first increasing and then decreasing with increasing sampling rate ; the specific chemistry involved in the collection and determination of NO 2 may be responsible.

Measurement of the $W$ boson mass

Abstract: We present a measurement of the W boson mass in W -> ev decays using 1 fb^-1 of data collected with the D0 detector during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. With a sample of 499830 W -> ev candidate events, we measure M_W = 80.401 +- 0.043 GeV. This is the most precise measurement from a single experiment.

Supersymmetry, variational method and hulthen potential

Abstract: The formalism of supersymmetric quantum mechanics provides us with the eigenfunctions to be used in the variational method to obtain the eigenvalues for the Hulthen potential.

Vocalizações de algumas espécies do gênero Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) do sudeste do Brasil e comentários taxonômicos

Abstract: Neste trabalho apresentamos a descricao das vocalizacoes de anuncio das seguintes especies do genero Scinax: S. altera, S. argyreomat.a, S. cuspidata, S. eurydice, S. tuscomarginata, S. tuscovaria, S. hayii, S. rizibilis e S. squalirostris. Tambem apresentamos uma tabela com os parâmetros das vocalizacoes descritas do genero Scinax do Sudeste do Brasil. O status especifico de S. altera e reafirmado e sao apresentadas indicacoes de que varias especies diferentes podem estar sendo confundidas sob esse nome. As vocalizacoes, a morfologia e o tipo de ambiente ocupado sugerem a existencia de mais de um genero sob a atual designacao de Scinax. E proposta a inclusao das especies do grupo rizibilis no grupo catharinae, uma vez que em S. trapicheiioi foram encontrados machos com saco vocal variando de subgular a lateralizado, o que invalida a unica sinapormorfia do grupo rizibilis.

Raiva em morcegos insetívoros (Molossidae) do Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract: Quatro casos positivos para a raiva foram diagnosticados em morcegos de tres especies de molossideos (um Molossus molossus, um Nyctinomops laticaudatus e dois N. macrotis) do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Tres deles foram encontrados durante o dia em locais visiveis e nao habituais e o outro entrou pela janela, no inicio da noite. Quadro descritivo com 19 casos semelhantes, envolvendo oito especies, e mostrado e indica que morcegos com comportamento atipico devem ser considerados como fortemente suspeitos de estarem doentes, possivelmente com raiva.

Lodo de esgoto como fonte de macronutrientes para a cultura do sorgo granífero

Abstract: O presente trabalho foi realizado em condicoes de casa-de-vegetacao com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da aplicacao de doses de lodo de esgoto (equivalentes a 0, 5, 10 e 20 t/ha), complementadas ou nao com nitrogenio e/ou potassio, sobre parâmetros de fertilidade do solo, absorcao de macronutrientes e producao de materia seca por plantas de sorgo granifero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) cultivadas em Latossolo Vermelho Escuro. De maneira geral, foi possivel observar que o lodo de esgoto, atraves de sua decomposicao no solo, liberou nutrientes para as plantas, refletindo no aumento da producao de materia seca. Entretanto, visando-se atender as necessidades da cultura, fez-se necessaria a complementacao com potassio.