Sao Paulo State University

About: Sao Paulo State University is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 55715 authors who have published 100436 publications receiving 1375332 citations.

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity

Abstract: The anthracyclines constitute a group of drugs widely used for the treatment of a variety of human tumors. However, the development of irreversible cardiotoxicity has limited their use. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity can persist for years with no clinical symptoms. However, its prognosis becomes poor after the development of overt heart failure, possibly even worse than ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies. Due to the successful action of anthracyclines as chemotherapic agents, several strategies have been tried to prevent/attenuate their side effects. Although anthracycline-induced injury appears to be multifactorial, a common denominator among most of the proposed mechanisms is cellular damage mediated by reactive oxygen species. However, it remains controversial as to whether antioxidants can prevent such side effects given that different mechanisms may be involved in acute versus chronic toxicity. The present review applies a multisided approach to the critical evaluation of various hypotheses proposed over the last decade on the role of oxidative stress in cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin, the most used anthracycline agent. The clinical diagnosis and treatment is also discussed.

Search for Dark Matter and Large Extra Dimensions in pp Collisions Yielding a Photon and Missing Transverse Energy

Abstract: Results are presented from a search for new physics in the final state containing a photon and missing transverse energy. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV by the CMS experiment. The observed event yield agrees with standard-model expectations for photon plus missing transverse energy events. Using models for production of dark-matter particles (chi), we set 90% confidence level (CL) upper limits of 13.6--15.4 femtobarns on chi production in the photon plus missing transverse energy state. These provide the most sensitive upper limits for spin-dependent chi-nucleon scattering for chi masses between 1 and 100 GeV. For spin-independent contributions, the present limits are extended to chi masses below 3.5 GeV. For models with 3--6 large extra dimensions, our data exclude extra-dimensional Planck scales between 1.65 and 1.71 TeV at 95% CL.

Computational methods for pigmented skin lesion classification in images: review and future trends

Abstract: Skin cancer is considered as one of the most common types of cancer in several countries, and its incidence rate has increased in recent years. Melanoma cases have caused an increasing number of deaths worldwide, since this type of skin cancer is the most aggressive compared to other types. Computational methods have been developed to assist dermatologists in early diagnosis of skin cancer. An overview of the main and current computational methods that have been proposed for pattern analysis and pigmented skin lesion classification is addressed in this review. In addition, a discussion about the application of such methods, as well as future trends, is also provided. Several methods for feature extraction from both macroscopic and dermoscopic images and models for feature selection are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, classification algorithms and evaluation procedures are described, and performance results for lesion classification and pattern analysis are given.

Disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo: decomposição e liberação de compostos orgânicos de resíduos vegetais

Abstract: O objetivo principal desta revisao foi reunir informacoes a respeito da acao de compostos orgânicos produzidos por plantas na disponibilidade de nutrientes nos solos, principalmente sobre os cations Ca, Mg e K e sobre o ânion fosfato. O sistema de cultivo adotado ocasiona mudancas nas propriedades quimicas e fisicas do solo, especialmente na disponibilidade de nutrientes e condicionamento fisico do solo. Tem-se observado o acumulo de nutrientes nas camadas superficiais do solo no sistema de semeadura direta, pelo nao-revolvimento do solo e pela deposicao de residuos de culturas na superficie. Os acidos orgânicos provenientes de plantas podem interagir com a fase solida e ocupar os sitios de adsorcao de nutrientes, competindo diretamente com eles e aumentando sua disponibilidade no solo. A adicao de residuos vegetais pode promover, antes da humificacao, a elevacao do pH, por promover complexacao de H e Al com compostos do residuo vegetal, deixando Ca, Mg e K mais livres em solucao, o que pode ocasionar aumento na saturacao da CTC por estes cations de reacao basica. Tambem e normal observar o aumento na disponibilidade de P no solo com a adicao de residuos vegetais, tanto pelo P presente no residuo como por competicao de compostos orgânicos dos residuos pelos sitios de troca no solo. A persistencia dos compostos orgânicos tambem e fator que tem grande interferencia nos processos de sorcao/dessorcao de cations e ânions, dependendo da atividade microbiana, da disponibilidade metabolica do substrato carbonado e da sorcao aos coloides do solo.