Showing papers by "Sapienza University of Rome published in 1992"
TL;DR: This delicate balance between tumor-associated macrophages and neoplastic cells may be considered to have a symbiotic relationship and the prospects for its therapeutic manipulation are described.
1,028 citations
TL;DR: The phenotypic reversion is characterized by a progressive release of the transcriptional inhibition and seems to correlate with a reduction of the number of the ectopic integrated sequences, which indicates that quelling appears to be monodirectional, as, once relieved, it cannot take place again, despite the continuing presence of some of theectopic sequences in the genome.
Abstract: Up to 36% of Neurospora crassa transformants showing an albino phenotype were recovered by transforming a wild-type strain with different portions of the carotenogenic albino-3 (al-3) and albino-1 (al-1) genes. The presence of the exogenous sequences (which were randomly integrated in ectopic locations) provoked a severe impairment in the expression of the endogenous al-1 or al-3 genes. This phenomenon, which we have termed 'quelling', was found to be spontaneously and progressively reversible, leading to wild-type or intermediate phenotypes. The phenotypic reversion is characterized by a progressive release of the transcriptional inhibition and seems to correlate with a reduction of the number of the ectopic integrated sequences. Moreover, quelling appears to be monodirectional, as, once relieved, it cannot take place again, despite the continuing presence of some of the ectopic sequences in the genome.
853 citations
University of Manchester1, Leiden University2, University of Milan3, Curie Institute4, University of Paris5, University of Aberdeen6, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven7, Pasteur Institute8, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich9, Sapienza University of Rome10, Norwich Research Park11, Université catholique de Louvain12, Université libre de Bruxelles13, University of Amsterdam14, École Normale Supérieure15, Centre national de la recherche scientifique16, Kobe University17, Trinity College, Dublin18, VU University Amsterdam19, Rutgers University20, University of Konstanz21
TL;DR: The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined, which is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome from any organism.
Abstract: The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. This is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome from any organism. The 315-kilobase sequence reveals 182 open reading frames for proteins longer than 100 amino acids, of which 37 correspond to known genes and 29 more show some similarity to sequences in databases. Of 55 new open reading frames analysed by gene disruption, three are essential genes; of 42 non-essential genes that were tested, 14 show some discernible effect on phenotype and the remaining 28 have no overt function.
811 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that this technique is a viable alternative in the management of patients with posterior fossa aneurysms associated with high surgical risk and longer angiographic and clinical follow-up study is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of this recently developed endovascular occlusion technique.
Abstract: In a multicenter study, 120 patients with intracranial aneurysms presenting a high surgical risk were treated using electrolytically detachable coils and electrothrombosis via an endovascular approach. The results of treatment in patients with posterior fossa aneurysms (42 patients with 43 aneurysms) are presented. The most frequent clinical presentation was subarachnoid hemorrhage (24 cases). The clinical follow-up periods ranged from 1 week to 18 months. Complete aneurysm occlusion was obtained in 13 of 16 aneurysms with a small neck and in four of 26 wide-necked aneurysms. A 70% to 98% thrombosis of the aneurysm was achieved in 22 of 26 aneurysms with a wide neck and in three of 16 small-necked aneurysms. One aneurysm could not be treated due to a technical complication. Two cases required postprocedural surgical clipping of a residual aneurysm. One patient (originally in Hunt and Hess Grade V) experienced procedural rupture of the aneurysm requiring an emergency parent artery occlusion. He eventually died 5 days later. Another patient (originally in Grade IV) had coil migration and posterior cerebral artery territory ischemia. A third patient developed a permanent neurological deficit (hemianopsia) after complete occlusion of a wide-necked basilar bifurcation aneurysm. One patient, harboring an inoperable giant basilar bifurcation aneurysm, died from aneurysm bleeding 18 months after partial occlusion. Overall morbidity and mortality rates related to treatment were 4.8% (two cases) and 2.4% (one case), respectively (2.6% and 0% if considering only patients in Hunt and Hess Grades I, II, and III). It is suggested that this technique is a viable alternative in the management of patients with posterior fossa aneurysms associated with high surgical risk. Longer angiographic and clinical follow-up study is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of this recently developed endovascular occlusion technique. Close postoperative angiographic and clinical monitoring of patients with wide-necked subtotally occluded aneurysms is mandatory to check for potential aneurysmal recanalization, regrowth, and rupture.
620 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the canonical Gibbs measure associated to a N-vortex system in a bounded domain Λ, at inverse temperature, was considered and it was shown that, in the limitN→∞, β∈(−8π, + ∞) (here α denotes the vorticity intensity of each vortex), the one particle distribution function ϱN = ϱnx,x∈Λ converges to a superposition of solutions ϱα of the following Mean Field Equation:
Abstract: We consider the canonical Gibbs measure associated to aN-vortex system in a bounded domain Λ, at inverse temperature\(\widetilde\beta \) and prove that, in the limitN→∞,\(\widetilde\beta \)/N→β, αN→1, where β∈(−8π, + ∞) (here α denotes the vorticity intensity of each vortex), the one particle distribution function ϱN = ϱNx,x∈Λ converges to a superposition of solutions ϱα of the following Mean Field Equation:
$$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\varrho _{\beta (x) = } \frac{{e^{ - \beta \psi } }}{{\mathop \smallint \limits_\Lambda e^{ - \beta \psi } }}; - \Delta \psi = \varrho _\beta in\Lambda } \\ {\psi |_{\partial \Lambda } = 0.} \\ \end{array} } \right.$$
604 citations
TL;DR: A review of the primate literature indicates that displacement activities tend to occur in situations of psychosocial stress and that their frequency of occurrence is affected by anxiogenic and anxiolytic drugs as mentioned in this paper.
549 citations
TL;DR: It is clearly demonstrates that fungal infections represent a common complication in cancer patients, especially in patients with leukemia.
Abstract: In an attempt to estimate the frequency of fungal infections among cancer patients, a survey of autopsy examinations was conducted in multiple institutions in Europe, Japan and Canada. Fungal infections were identified most often in leukemic patients and transplant recipients (25% each). Fifty-eight percent of fungal infections were caused by Candida spp. and 30% by Aspergillus spp. There was considerable variability in the frequency of fungal infections in different countries. Nevertheless, this study clearly demonstrates that fungal infections represent a common complication in cancer patients, especially in patients with leukemia.
527 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the signs that may arise after perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the clinical usefulness of the classification system and the prognostic importance of each disease pattern have not been established.
321 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the long-term potentiation (LTP) revealed that a brief treatment with the cytokine did not influence LTP, while a long-lasting application of TNF-alpha inhibited LTP in a dose-dependent way in the range of 1-100 nM.
303 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a series of 52 cases of serious knee ligament injuries in volleyball players and the most frequent mechanism of injury was landing from a jump in the attack zone.
Abstract: The authors report a series of 52 cases of serious knee ligament injuries in volleyball players. The most frequent mechanism of injury was landing from a jump in the attack zone. Women were more affected than men. Injuries were more frequent during games than training. Volleyball must then be considered among high-risk sports according to the frequency and gravity of our surgical findings. Results are similar to those obtained in athletes in other sports who underwent the same surgical procedure.
288 citations
TL;DR: NGF was present in the synovial fluid and synovium of patients with chronic arthritis, but was undetectable in control fluids, suggesting that NGF might be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Abstract: Cytokines regulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis during inflammatory processes. Since cytokines are also involved in the inflammatory processes of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, we examined levels of NGF in patients with rheumatoid or other types of chronic arthritis. NGF was present in the synovial fluid and synovium of patients with chronic arthritis, but was undetectable in control fluids. We conclude that NGF might be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that lumbar disk herniation may be primarily a medical (nonsurgical) disease and that MR imaging could play an important role in management of and research into the disorder.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of lumbar disk herniation in patients treated without surgery. Sixty-nine patients with a lumbar disk herniation proved at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging underwent a follow-up MR imaging study. The disk herniations evaluated during both MR imaging examinations were measured and classified into four categories according to the change in size that occurred. The patients were also divided into three clinical classes on the basis of the clinical outcome. Sixty-three percent of the patients showed a reduction of disk herniation of more than 30% (48% had a reduction of more than 70%), while only 8% demonstrated worsening of the clinical picture. These findings suggest that lumbar disk herniation may be primarily a medical (nonsurgical) disease and that MR imaging could play an important role in management of and research into the disorder.
TL;DR: Several stability results and additional properties of the delay-type neural network and cellular network dynamics are proved, including that if the feedback and delayed feedback matrices are nonnegative and their sum is irreducible, then the neural network is stable.
Abstract: Several stability results and additional properties of the delay-type neural network and cellular network dynamics are proved. As a typical example, it is proved that if the feedback and delayed feedback matrices are nonnegative and their sum is irreducible, then the neural network is stable. >
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimal board-to-board spacing and maximum total heat transfer rate from a stack of parallel boards cooled by laminar forced convection was reported. But the optimal spacing is not directly related to the surface thermal condition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the numerous ways of introducing spatial gravitational forces are fit together in a single framework enabling their interrelationships to be clarified, and the framework is then used to treat the acceleration equals force equation and gyroscope precession, both of which are then discussed in the post-Newtonian approximation, followed by a brief examination of the Einstein equations themselves.
TL;DR: The present results show that the activation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system induced by aversive stimuli adapts to repeated experiences differently from that produced by pleasurable events, suggesting that aversive and rewarding experiences involve different neural systems.
TL;DR: Thirteen patients with a stabilized hemineglect symptomatology due to right-hemisphere lesions were subjected to a rehabilitation training specifically aimed at reducing the scanning deficit, pointing to the extension of exploratory improvements to situations similar to those of daily life.
Abstract: Thirteen patients with a stabilized hemineglect symptomatology due to right-hemisphere lesions were subjected to a rehabilitation training specifically aimed at reducing the scanning deficit. The training consisted of four procedures (visual-spatial scanning, reading and copying training, copying of line drawings on a dot matrix, and figure description) which lasted 40 sessions. By the end of therapy, the patients as a group showed significant improvements on several standard tests of hemineglect. The results on a Semi-structured Scale for the Functional Evaluation of Hemineglect pointed to the extension of exploratory improvements to situations similar to those of daily life. In contrast, patients improved very slightly on a variety of standard visual-spatial tests, indicating the specificity of training in reducing the scanning defect. Seven patients were examined at a follow-up several months after the end of therapy and appeared stable on both standard and functional tests of neglect.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that sequential movements are abnormal in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and dystonia and that in the performance of long motor sequences, the deficit in sequencing movements is exacerbated only in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Abstract: We studied the performance of sequential arm movements in 14 patients with Parkinson's disease, nine patients with Huntington's disease and seven patients with arm dystonia. The results were compared with those from normal subjects. Subjects had to perform each movement of the sequence as fast as possible, stopping as briefly as possible between two successive movements. In one set of experiments, patients with Parkinson's disease drew four different geometrical patterns in a counter-clockwise direction. The patterns consisted of two, three, four and five segments of identical length. In a second set, the subjects drew a pentagon in a counter-clockwise and a clockwise direction and each side of the pentagon singly in a counter-clockwise direction. All three groups of patients were slow in executing movements and in switching from one movement to the next. Only patients with Parkinson's disease took longer to perform the segments at the end of a sequence. In other words, their movement times lengthened progressively as the sequence progressed. This phenomenon could still be recognized when the direction and position of the segments were changed (pentagon drawn in the counter-clockwise and the clockwise direction) and when the extra-time needed, mainly due to the sequential nature of the task, was considered by computing the differences between movement times obtained during drawing of the pentagon and those obtained when each segment was traced singly. This study demonstrates that sequential movements are abnormal in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and dystonia and that in the performance of long motor sequences, the deficit in sequencing movements is exacerbated only in patients with Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: It is suggested that synergistic cooperativity between the NFAT and AP-1 sites allows GR to mediate the Dex inhibition of IL-2 gene transcription, based on a combinatorial modular interplay.
Abstract: The immunosuppressant hormone dexamethasone (Dex) interferes with T cell-specific signals activating the enhancer sequences directing interleukin 2 (IL-2) transcription. We report that the Dex-dependent downregulation of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and calcium ionophore-induced activity of the IL-2 enhancer are mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via a process that requires intact NH2- and COOH-terminal and DNA-binding domains. Functional analysis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) vectors containing internal deletions of the -317 to +47 bp IL-2 enhancer showed that the GR-responsive elements mapped to regions containing nuclear factor of activated T cells protein (NFAT) (-279 to -263 bp) and AP-1 (-160 to -150 bp) motifs. The AP-1 motif binds TPA and calcium ionophore-induced nuclear factor(s) containing fos protein. TPA and calcium ionophore-induced transcriptional activation of homo-oligomers of the NFAT element were not inhibited by Dex, while AP-1 motif concatemers were not stimulated by TPA and calcium ionophore. When combined, NFAT and AP-1 motifs significantly synergized in directing CAT transcription. Such a synergism was impaired by specific mutations affecting the trans-acting factor binding to either NFAT or AP-1 motifs. In spite of the lack of hormone regulation of isolated cis elements, TPA/calcium ionophore-mediated activation of CAT vectors containing a combination of the NFAT and the AP-1 motifs became suppressible by Dex. Our results show that the IL-2-AP-1 motif confers GR sensitivity to a flanking region containing a NFAT element and suggest that synergistic cooperativity between the NFAT and AP-1 sites allows GR to mediate the Dex inhibition of IL-2 gene transcription. Therefore, a Dex-modulated second level of IL-2 enhancer regulation, based on a combinatorial modular interplay, appears to be present.
TL;DR: The structure of the Heterochromatic Fertility Factors and their role in the development of MelanOGASTER are discussed.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 239 THE STRUCTURE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER HETEROCHROMATIN . 241 THE HETEROCHROMATIC FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 The Y-Chromosome Fertility Factors . . ... . .. . . . ... . ... . . .... . . . . . . 246 The bobbed Locus, The Collochores and Rex . . . .. . ... . . . . . . ... . . . .. 252 The crystal Locus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 The Responder Locus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 The ABO Elements . .... . ... . .... . ... . . .... . 259 The Autosomal Heterochromatic Loci. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 HETEROCHROMATIN AND POSITION EFFECT VARIEGATION . . . . . . . . . . 262 MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE HETEROCHROMATIC FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES 266
TL;DR: Tests for a unique fusion transcript, PML/RAR alpha, in 35 APL patients who were in apparent remission after various treatments found 11 of 13 patients who tested positive 4 months after achieving remission were in relapse 1-4 months later.
TL;DR: In this paper, the number of light neutrino species is found to be Nv=3.30% CL with the constraints of the standard electroweak model, which rules out the possibility of a fourth type of LN at 98% CL.
TL;DR: Results strongly indicate that increased NGF production in CSF is a characteristic feature of the MS inflammatory response.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors re-evaluate the experimental data concerning the large scale structure of the universe utilizing the theoretical methods of modern statistical mechanics and demonstrate that the famous galaxy correlation length r0 almost-equal-to 5h-1 Mpc is a spurious result due to these inconsistencies.
TL;DR: An extensive neuropsychological assessment demonstrates the absence of cognitive impairments in visuo-spatial processing and confirms the selective presence of a severe representational deficit of the left side of the body.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors critically review the progress in this area and discuss the impact that rocking chair systems may have on the future of lithium battery technology, and suggest that the idea of exploiting the rocking lithium systems for achieving improvements in safety and cycle life dates back to the beginning of the eighties.
Abstract: In recent years consistent attention has been devoted to novel types of lithium rechargeable batteries in which the metal anode is replaced by a lithium‐source anode. The general interest in these batteries, often called rocking‐chair batteries, has increased consistently; however, the idea of exploiting the rocking lithium systems for achieving improvements in safety and cycle life is not new, but dates back to the beginning of the eighties. In this paper we critically review the progress in this area and discuss the impact that rocking chair systems may have on the future of lithium battery technology.
TL;DR: Rectal mucosal eicosapentaenoic acid content increased in fish oil patients, whereas arachidonic acid levels decreased, and fish oil-induced kinetic changes represent contraction of the proliferative compartment to the levels of a low-risk population.
TL;DR: The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the PGIP gene showed no significant similarity with any known databank sequence and were successfully utilized as primers in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with total DNA of P. vulgaris as a template.
Abstract: Summary
Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a cell wall protein purified from hypocotyls of true bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PGIP inhibits fungal endopolygalacturonases and is considered to be an important factor for plant resistance to phytopathogenic fungi (Albersheim and Anderson, 1971; Cervone et al., 1987). The amino acid sequences of the N-terminus and one internal tryptic peptide of the PGIP purified from P. vulgaris cv. Pinto were used to design redundant oligonucleotides that were successfully utilized as primers in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with total DNA of P. vulgaris as a template. A DNA band of 758 bp (a specific PCR amplification product of part of the gene coding for PGIP) was isolated and cloned. By using the 758-bp DNA as a hybridization probe, a lambda clone containing the PGIP gene was isolated from a genomic library of P. vulgaris cv. Saxa. The coding and immediate flanking regions of the PGIP gene, contained on a subcloned 3.3 kb Sa/I–Sa/I DNA fragment, were sequenced. A single, continuous ORF of 1026 nt (342 amino acids) was present in the genomic clone. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the PGIP gene showed no significant similarity with any known databank sequence. Northern blotting analysis of poly(A)+ RNAs, isolated from various tissues of bean seedlings or from suspension-cultured bean cells, were also performed using the cloned PCR-generated DNA as a probe. A 1.2 kb transcript was detected in suspension-cultured cells and, to a lesser extent, in leaves, hypocotyls, and flowers. A cDNA clone containing part of the coding region for the PGIP (from nt 345 to the poly(A) tail) was isolated from a λgt11 cDNA library prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from suspension-cultured cells of P. vulgaris cv. Pinto. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the PGIP genes from the two different cultivars shared 96.4% and 97.4% identity, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, a differential equation for diffusion in isotropic and homogeneous fractal structures is derived within the context of fractional calculus, which generalizes the fractional diffusion equation valid in Euclidean systems.
Abstract: A differential equation for diffusion in isotropic and homogeneous fractal structures is derived within the context of fractional calculus. It generalizes the fractional diffusion equation valid in Euclidean systems. The asymptotic behavior of the probability density function is obtained exactly and coincides with the accepted asymptotic form obtained using scaling argument and exact enumeration calculations on large percolation clusters at criticality. The asymptotic frequency dependence of the scattering function is derived exactly from the present approach, which can be studied by X-ray and neutron scattering experiments on fractals.