Institution
Sapienza University of Rome
Education•Rome, Lazio, Italy•
About: Sapienza University of Rome is a education organization based out in Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 62002 authors who have published 155468 publications receiving 4397244 citations. The organization is also known as: La Sapienza & Università La Sapienza di Roma.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Context (language use), Cancer, Nonlinear system
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Significant contributions of early prosocial behavior to children's developmental trajectories in academic and social domains and possible mediating processes by which prosocialness may affect academic achievement and other socially desirable developmental outcomes are proposed.
Abstract: The present longitudinal research demonstrates robust contributions of early prosocial behavior to children's developmental trajectories in academic and social domains. Both prosocial and ag- gressive behaviors in early childhood were tested as predictors of academic achievement and peer relations in adolescence 5 years later. Prosocialness included cooperating, helping, sharing, and con- soling, and the measure of antisocial aspects included proneness to verbal and physical aggression. Prosocialness had a strong positive impact on later academic achievement and social preferences, but early aggression had no significant effect on either outcome. The conceptual model accounted for 35% of variance in later academic achievement, and 37% of variance in social preferences. Additional analysis revealed that early academic achievement did not contribute to later academic achievement after controlling for effects of early prosocialness. Possible mediating processes by which prosocialness may affect academic achievement and other socially desirable devel- opmental outcomes are proposed. A major interest of parents, teachers, and societal agencies centers on discovering early predictors of children's developmental trajecto- ries, with the goal of guiding them in desirable directions (Hartup, 1985; Hays, 1994; Lewis, 1995). Such knowledge enables individuals who influence children's psychosocial development to promote so- Using a longitudinal design and structural equation modeling, we tested the relative impact of early prosocial and aggressive behaviors on children's academic achievement and social ties to their peers 5 years later. In our conceptual model, early prosocialness is negatively associated with aggressiveness, and promotes both positive peer re- lations and academic achievement. In contrast, early aggressiveness adversely affects both peer relations and academic accomplishments.
813 citations
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25 Mar 2020
TL;DR: Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of Coronavirus (CoV) spectrum infections, and particularly COVID-19 disease due to SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy were reported, including miscarriage, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, pre term prelabor rupture of membranes, fetal growth restriction, and mode of delivery.
Abstract: Objective The aim of this systematic review was to report pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus spectrum infections, and particularly coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease because of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 infection during pregnancy. Data Sources Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched electronically utilizing combinations of word variants for coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome or MERS or COVID-19 and pregnancy. The search and selection criteria were restricted to English language. Study Eligibility Criteria Inclusion criteria were hospitalized pregnant women with a confirmed coronavirus related–illness, defined as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), or COVID-19. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods We used meta-analyses of proportions to combine data and reported pooled proportions, so that a pooled proportion may not coincide with the actual raw proportion in the results. The pregnancy outcomes observed included miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, fetal growth restriction, and mode of delivery. The perinatal outcomes observed were fetal distress, Apgar score Results Nineteen studies including 79 hospitalized women were eligible for this systematic review: 41 pregnancies (51.9%) affected by COVID-19, 12 (15.2%) by MERS, and 26 (32.9%) by SARS. An overt diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 91.8%, and the most common symptoms were fever (82.6%), cough (57.1%), and dyspnea (27.0%). For all coronavirus infections, the pooled proportion of miscarriage was 64.7% (8/12; 95% confidence interval, 37.9-87.3), although reported only for women affected by SARS in two studies with no control group; the pooled proportion of preterm birth Conclusion In hospitalized mothers infected with coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, >90% of whom also had pneumonia, preterm birth is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. COVID-19 infection was associated with higher rate (and pooled proportions) of preterm birth, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death. There have been no published cases of clinical evidence of vertical transmission. Evidence is accumulating rapidly, so these data may need to be updated soon. The findings from this study can guide and enhance prenatal counseling of women with COVID-19 infection occurring during pregnancy, although they should be interpreted with caution in view of the very small number of included cases.
813 citations
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TL;DR: Babelfy is presented, a unified graph-based approach to EL and WSD based on a loose identification of candidate meanings coupled with a densest subgraph heuristic which selects high-coherence semantic interpretations.
Abstract: Entity Linking (EL) and Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) both address the lexical ambiguity of language. But while the two tasks are pretty similar, they differ in a fundamental respect: in EL the textual mention can be linked to a named entity which may or may not contain the exact mention, while in WSD there is a perfect match between the word form (better, its lemma) and a suitable word sense. In this paper we present Babelfy, a unified graph-based approach to EL and WSD based on a loose identification of candidate meanings coupled with a densest subgraph heuristic which selects high-coherence semantic interpretations. Our experiments show state-of- the-art performances on both tasks on 6 different datasets, including a multilingual setting. Babelfy is online at http://babelfy.org
811 citations
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University of Manchester1, Leiden University2, University of Milan3, Curie Institute4, University of Paris5, University of Aberdeen6, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven7, Pasteur Institute8, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich9, Sapienza University of Rome10, Norwich Research Park11, Université catholique de Louvain12, Université libre de Bruxelles13, University of Amsterdam14, École Normale Supérieure15, Centre national de la recherche scientifique16, Kobe University17, Trinity College, Dublin18, VU University Amsterdam19, Rutgers University20, University of Konstanz21
TL;DR: The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined, which is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome from any organism.
Abstract: The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. This is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome from any organism. The 315-kilobase sequence reveals 182 open reading frames for proteins longer than 100 amino acids, of which 37 correspond to known genes and 29 more show some similarity to sequences in databases. Of 55 new open reading frames analysed by gene disruption, three are essential genes; of 42 non-essential genes that were tested, 14 show some discernible effect on phenotype and the remaining 28 have no overt function.
811 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that bradykinesia results from a failure of basal ganglia output to reinforce the cortical mechanisms that prepare and execute the commands to move, which leads to particular difficulty with self-paced movements, prolonged reaction times and abnormal pre-movement EEG activity.
Abstract: Bradykinesia means slowness of movement and is one of the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Weakness, tremor and rigidity may contribute to but do not fully explain bradykinesia. We argue that bradykinesia results from a failure of basal ganglia output to reinforce the cortical mechanisms that prepare and execute the commands to move. The cortical deficit is most apparent in midline motor areas. This leads to particular difficulty with self-paced movements, prolonged reaction times and abnormal pre-movement EEG activity. Movements are often performed with normally timed EMG bursts but the amount of EMG activity is underscaled relative to the desired movement parameters. There are also abnormalities in sensory scaling and sensorimotor integration. The brain appears to be able to compensate to some degree for the basal ganglia deficit. There is overactivity in the lateral premotor areas during task performance and movements can be speeded by giving sensory cues. Attention to movement is also beneficial. However, we propose that the engagement of compensatory processes may also lead to reduced performance in other tasks. For example, patients' problems in performing more than one task at the same time could result from lack of sufficient resources both to compensate for their basal ganglia deficit and to run two tasks simultaneously. Surgical therapies are unlikely to work solely by normalizing basal ganglia output to that seen in healthy individuals. It seems more plausible that surgery removes an interfering signal that allows more efficient compensation by other structures.
811 citations
Authors
Showing all 62745 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
Peter A. R. Ade | 162 | 1387 | 138051 |
H. Eugene Stanley | 154 | 1190 | 122321 |
Suvadeep Bose | 154 | 960 | 129071 |
P. de Bernardis | 152 | 680 | 117804 |
Bart Staels | 152 | 824 | 86638 |
Alessandro Melchiorri | 151 | 674 | 116384 |
Andrew H. Jaffe | 149 | 518 | 110033 |
F. Piacentini | 149 | 531 | 108493 |
Subir Sarkar | 149 | 1542 | 144614 |
Albert Bandura | 148 | 255 | 276143 |
Carlo Rovelli | 146 | 1502 | 103550 |
Robert C. Gallo | 145 | 825 | 68212 |
R. Kowalewski | 143 | 1815 | 135517 |