Sapienza University of Rome

About: Sapienza University of Rome is a education organization based out in Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 62002 authors who have published 155468 publications receiving 4397244 citations. The organization is also known as: La Sapienza & Università La Sapienza di Roma.

A Versatile and Highly Selective Hypervalent Iodine (III)/2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl-Mediated Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds

Abstract: Catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) are used in combination with [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene (BAIB) as a stoichiometric oxidant in the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds. This procedure works efficiently at room temperature in almost all common solvents and neat in some cases. This process exhibits a very high degree of selectivity for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes, without any noticeable overoxidation to carboxyl compounds, and a high chemoselectivity in the presence of either secondary alcohols or of other oxidizable moieties. This procedure allows an easy, convenient, high-yielding method for the oxidation of alcohols starting from commercially available compounds.

Vascular endothelial–cadherin is an important determinant of microvascular integrity in vivo

Abstract: In the present paper, we characterize an antibody, mAb BV13, directed to mouse vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, a major adhesive protein of interendothelial adherens junctions. When added to cultured endothelial cells, BV13 induces a redistribution of VE-cadherin from intercellular junctions. VE-cadherin redistribution did not change the localization of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule or tight junction markers such as zonula occludens 1, cingulin, and junctional adhesion molecule. Intravenous administration of mAb BV13 induced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in vascular permeability in heart and lungs. By electron microscopy, interstitial edema and accumulation of mixed types of inflammatory cells in heart and lungs were observed. Injection of (rhodamine-labeled) Ricinus communis I lectin showed focal spots of exposed basement membrane in the alveolar capillaries and in some larger pulmonary vessels. These data indicate that VE-cadherin is required for vascular integrity and normal organ functions.

Cortical Networks for Visual Reaching: Physiological and Anatomical Organization of Frontal and Parietal Lobe Arm Regions

Abstract: The functional and structural properties of the dorsolateral frontal lobe and posterior parietal proximal arm representations were studied in macaque monkeys. Physiological mapping of primary motor (MI), dorsal premotor (PMd), and posterior parietal (area 5) cortices was performed in behaving monkeys trained in an instructed-delay reaching task. The parietofrontal corticocortical connectivities of these same areas were subsequently examined anatomically by means of retrograde tracing techniques. Signal-, set-, movement-, and position-related directional neuronal activities were distributed nonuniformly within the task-related areas in both frontal and parietal cortices. Within the frontal lobe, moving caudally from PMd to the MI, the activity that signals for the visuo-spatial events leading to target localization decreased, while the activity more directly linked to movement generation increased. Physiological recordings in the superior parietal lobule revealed a gradient-like distribution of functional properties similar to that observed in the frontal lobe. Signal- and set-related activities were encountered more frequently in the intermediate and ventral part of the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), in area MIP. Movement-and position-related activities were distributed more uniformly within the superior parietal lobule (SPL), in both dorsal area 5 and in MIP. Frontal and parietal regions sharing similar functional properties were preferentially connected through their association pathways. As a result of this study, area MIP, and possibly areas MDP and 7m as well, emerge as the parietal nodes by which visual information may be relayed to the frontal lobe arm region. These parietal and frontal areas, along with their association connections, represent a potential cortical network for visual reaching. The architecture of this network is ideal for coding reaching as the result of a combination between visual and somatic information.

Integrated multimode interferometers with arbitrary designs for photonic boson sampling

Abstract: The boson-sampling problem was demonstrated by studying three-photon interference in a five-mode integrated interferometer containing three-dimensional S-bent waveguides. Three single photons were input into the interferometer and the probability ratios of all events were measured. The results agree with quantum mechanical predictions for three-photon interference.