Showing papers by "School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences published in 1992"
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that an increase in public debt reduces the growth rate, so there always exists a future generation that will be harmed, and that a reduction in the public debt, although it increases the growth, cannot be Pareto-improving: one current generation must be harmed.
Abstract: In a neoclassical growth model, it is possible to make a case for public debt, because a balanced growth path may be dynamically inefficient. This paper shows that this possibility no longer holds in an endogenous growth model with constant external returns to capital. It is shown that an increase in public debt reduces the growth rate, so there always exists a future generation that will be harmed, and that a reduction in public debt, although it increases the growth rate, cannot be Pareto-improving: one current generation must be harmed.
420 citations
TL;DR: Infants' sensitivity to acoustic correlates of phrasal units in English is examined to suggest that pitch changes and in some cases durational changes are potential cues that infants might be using to make their discriminations.
367 citations
326 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of syllabic structure and stress assignment in the perceptual segmentation of Catalan and Spanish words is studied, and both task demands and language specific parameters play a role in the presence or absence of syllablification effects in segment detection.
182 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a stylized model of private transfers within the family under alternative assumptions as to the nature of relations between parents and children is presented, and the effectiveness of public education and social security to achieve efficiency when needed.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a confrontation between these domains is called for by considering the function of judgement in coordinating actions, the Author takes stock of the most legitimate ordinary judgements (those aiming at adjustments endowed with broad validity) in order to initiate confrontation with legal judgements.
Abstract: Ordinary Judgements and Legal Judgements. ; ; In converging fashion sociologists and economists have been increasingly inte rested in the diversity of the modes of interaction and transaction. They have consequently paid more and more attention to the judgement cognitive or normative agents make concerning situation and the actions of others. In attributing an important role to interpretation and its limits these social-scientific fields draw close to the legal field and its juridical reflections on the rule and its use. A confrontation between these domains is therefore called for by considering the function of judgement in coordinating actions, the Author takes stock of the most legitimate ordinary judgements (those aiming at adjustments endowed with broad validity) in order to initiate confrontation with legal judgements.
43 citations
TL;DR: Differences were found between the processes underlying audio-motor tasks that involve the head and tasks that involves the hands that involved the hands between normal subjects and subjects with right parietal damage.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, finds of plants of economic importance from 36 archaeological sites in France, dated from the 6th to the 15th century AD, are discussed. But they are not discussed in detail.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the past and present theoretical and experimental situations relating to wave-particle dualism are reviewed, and new tests aimed at enlightening the individual behavior as awave, then as aparticle, of a quantum mechanical system in the same experimental run are presented.
Abstract: We review the past and present theoretical and experimental situations relating to wave-particle dualism. New tests aimed at enlightening the individual behavior as awave, then as aparticle, of asingle quantum mechanical system in the same experimental run are presented. The related epistemological, philosophical, and historical backgrounds are presented in a twofold exposition taking into account thepositivistic standard Copenhagen interpretation as well as therealist de Broglian point of view.
14 citations
01 Dec 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of donnees de reseau d'un type encore peu utilise en sociologie (Krackhardt, 1986).
Abstract: Cet article presente une analyse de donnees de reseau d'un type encore peu utilise en sociologie (Krackhardt, 1986). Ces donnees ont ete recoltees aupres de 36 partenaires d'une firme americaine d'avocats d'affaires. Elles permettent de decrire des strategies d'acteurs utilisees a des fins de controle indirect. Une strategie est definie comme le choix par un acteur (la personne qui delegue le travail de controle) d'un levier (la personne a qui l'on delegue ce travail) pour s'occuper d'une cible (la personne a controler). L'analyse en composantes principales permet de representer dans un meme espace vectoriel les acteurs, les cibles et les leviers. Elle repere l'existence d'une division du travail et de roles differents de controle informel dans la firme. La base de cette analyse est, d'une part, la matrice des donnees brutes concernant l'usage des leviers pour chaque combinaison d'acteur-cible et, d'autre part, la matrice totalisant le nombre des recours a chaque levier pour un groupe d'acteurs et de cibles. A partir de cette analyse, on distingue inductivement entre strategies selon qu'elles supposent l'usage de leviers plutot universels et generalistes, ou celui de leviers plutot specialises et locaux
14 citations
TL;DR: The function of the metaphor of the political marriage between King and Republic in France from the 15th to the 17th Centuries is discussed in this paper, where it is argued that the marriage metaphor was used to modernize the ancient principal of the inalienability of the royal domain which became in 1566 a "fundamental law" complementing the statutory transmission (of power).
Abstract: The Function of the Metaphor of the Political Marriage Between King and Republic in France from the 15th to the 17th Centuries. From the 15th to the 17th centuries theologico-political metaphors created kind of cosmography of the legitimate monarchy. Closely linked to the corporative fiction, the image of the king's political marriage with the Republic was borrowed from Lucas of Penna by French jurists (associated with the Parliament of Paris) towards the end of the 1470's (and not in 1527), and the ceremonial basis appears to have been even older. During the 16th century, the function of the marriage-metaphor was to modernize the ancient principal of the inalienability of the royal domain which became in 1566 a "fundamental law" complementing the statutory transmission (of power). It would nevertheless be grave error to see, in the development of these fictions, an archeology of constitutionalism. The opposed consequences, on the political level, of the organicist metaphor (absorbing the kingdom into the persona of the "boss") and of the corporative metaphor (posing the possibility of proper representation of the kingdom), lead back to questions of freedom of king and freedom of kingdom. The "State in right" of the Ancien Regime condemned both kings of freedom. This paradox, however, tended to resolve itself durint the enlightenment, when critical space was opened in politics by juridical discourse and ceremonial rituel, both of which had contributed, in an on-going competition to founding the normative order of theologico-political power.
TL;DR: In this article, multitemporal and multispectral SPOT data were used for calculation of three spectral indices, (1) Radiometric means, (2) Vegetation Index (NDVI), (3) Brightness Index.
Abstract: Multitemporal and multispectral SPOT data were used for calculation of three spectral indices, (1) Radiometric means, (2) Vegetation Index (NDVI), (3) Brightness Index. The sequence reflectance, absorption, reflectance in bands 1,2 and 3 respectively, is common for all the studied crops and months (June and July). The highest differences in reflectance values are observed in July and especially in band 3 which proved very sensitive to chlorophyll development. Pearson correlation coefficients show that combination of band I and 2 or band I and 3 supply more thematic information than band 1 and 2. Discriminant Analysis shows that for sugarebeets, radiometric values and brightness index(BI) present the same classification accuracy. On the other hand Vegetation Index (NDVI) is sufficient for cotton and harvested alfalfa, while the classification accuracy of the other crops ranges between the Radiometric Values and Brightness Index. Pairwise squared generalized distances show that radiometric values a...
TL;DR: In this article, Popper's experimental schemes challenge the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, principally Heisenberg's indeterminacy relations and the EPR paradox, and the so-called Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox is not a paradox.
Abstract: Sir K. R. Popper's experimental schemes challenge the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, principally Heisenberg's indeterminacy relations and the EPR paradox. “The so-called Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox is not a paradox. It is a theoretical statement in expectation of an interpretation,” says K. R. Popper in this interview. “My experiment ought to be a classical experiment. It is very simple and free from any additional assumption. It should really be done.”
TL;DR: In the High Middle Ages, Law and Theology were perceived as novel twin disciplines based on the same principle contradictory enquiry as mentioned in this paper, and from the mid-twelfth to the beginning of the fourteenth century they constituted the axis of scholastic episteme.
Abstract: Law and Theology in the Thirteenth Century. ; ; In the High Middle Ages, Law and Theology were perceived as novel twin disciplines based on same principle contradictory enquiry. From the mid-twelfth to the beginning of the fourteenth century they constituted the axis of scholastic episteme. This New Regime of Truth was presented as construction or reconstruction; the heuristic fiction (that is, replacing reality by an efficient elaboration) was one of its fundamental constitutive traits. At the intersection of Law and Theology the concept of person once examined illustrates this analysis. In both fields (but starting from different reference-points, the ficticious person adopted from Roman Law and the distinction individual-person generated by the Trinitarian Dogma) the concept allowed to designate the zone within which the subject of this Truth was relevant, that is to iden tify the hub of this episteme.
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TL;DR: This paper used a semi-structural vector autoregression to distinguish the trend from the cycle and found that demand shocks tend to have a negative impact on productivity, both in the short and long run, and the short run impact is stronger in those countries where fluctuations are more transitory.
Abstract: Over recent years `opportunity cost' (OC) models of growth have been constructed which suggest that firms take advantage of the possibility of intertemporal subsitution in order to engage in productivity-improving activities during recessions. This paper tests whether this argument is correct, using a semi-structural vector autoregression to distinguish the trend from the cycle. The results are mildly supportive of the OC theory. Demand shocks tend to have a negative impact on productivity, both in the short and long run, and the short-run impact is stronger in those countries where fluctuations are more transitory. There is no evidence, however, of a significant R&D response to demand shocks.
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion avec un juriste who connait si bien l'histoire de la Revolution francaise was conducted, i.e., "Tout est joue en 1789, n'est certainement pas mienne".
Abstract: Je suis sensible a l'interet critique que Michel Troper porte a mes travaux et saisis bien volontiers l'occasion qui m'est offerte par les Annalesd'une discussion avec un juriste qui connait si bien l'histoire de la Revolution francaise. Je ne suis pas sur de me reconnaitre pleinement dans ce qui est pour lui une these generale de mon livre : l'idee qu'il m'attribue, par exemple, que « tout est joue en 1789», n'est certainement pas mienne. Je pense simplement que dans le domaine civil, l'essentiel de ce qu'accomplira la Revolution francaise est concu et entrepris tres tot, entre le 4 et le 11 aout 1789; et qu'en matiere politique, bien des elements de ce qui constituera le dilemme constitutionnel francais sont presents des les premieres annees de la Revolution.
TL;DR: For a given proper voting game G, the upper bound on the size of the space of alternatives, which guarantees that the core constitutes a von Neumann-Morgenstern solution for any profile of voter's preferences, was derived in this paper.
Abstract: Following the results of Nakamura (1979) and Muto (1984), we derive, for a given proper voting game G, the upper bound on the size of the space of alternatives, which guarantees that the core constitutes a von Neumann-Morgenstern solution for any profile of voter's preferences. In particular, we show that if the space of alternatives consists of more than two elements, then, in general, the core is not a von Neumann-Morgenstern solution.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of negation as a language and cognitive operation is discussed within the framework of argumentative strategies which consist in making certain cognitive landmarks of the discourse "flip over" with the intent of imposing the necessity to choose between two types of "notions" aiming at the transformation of this choice into an "implication".
Abstract: This article deals with the role of negation as a language and cognitive operation. Such a topic is treated here within the framework of the argumentative strategies which consist in making certain cognitive landmarks of the discourse ‘flip over’ with the intent of imposing the necessity to choose between two types of ‘notions’, aiming at the transformation of this choice into an ‘implication’. The reference here to the Aristotelian logic of Prior Analytics appears to be more efficient than any other contemporary logic and the author intends to give account of the role of negation as ‘contrary’ coming into play on an operational and cognitive basis in all the argumentative strategies which ‘oscillate’ reciprocally from universal to particular.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the labour market under firing restrictions and endogenous quits is constructed, and it is shown that in the spirit of Blanchard and Summers (1988), the model can generate multiple equilibria, with a low-quits/high-unemployment equilibrium coexisting with a high quits/low-unemployed equilibrium.
Abstract: A model of the labour market under firing restrictions and endogenous quits is constructed. It is shown that in the spirit of Blanchard and Summers (1988), the model can generate multiple equilibria, with a low-quits/high-unemployment equilibrium coexisting with a high-quits/low-unemployment equilibrium. Under weak conditions, low-unemployment equilibria Pareto dominate high-unemployment equilibria. Mobility premia improve aggregate welfare but may increase unemployment.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the consequences of the regulation of rates paid on deposits and show that in a regulated environment, the effectiveness of monetary policy is reduced in the sense that fluctuations of money market rates are less than fully transmitted in credit rates.
Abstract: The paper analyses a spatial competition model of the banking sector. Banks offer two kind of services (deposits and credit) and can either borrow or lend on the money market. We investigate the consequences of the regulation of rates paid on deposits. The main conclusions are as follows. Regulation first increases network size beyond social optimum. In the long run it results in lower equilibrium credit rates because of increased competition. Secondly, regulation generates tied sales contracts, by which banks propose bundles of credit and deposit services. Tied sales, in turn, motivate the introduction of cross-subsidies between the two activities, the rent levied upon regulated deposits financing lower rates in the credit market. Finally it is shown that in a regulated environment, the effectiveness of monetary policy is reduced in the sense that fluctuations of money market rates are less than fully transmitted in credit rates.
TL;DR: The History of European Ideas: Vol. 15, No. 4-6, 1992, pp. 537-542 as mentioned in this paper, discusses the role of femmes in the development of European ideas.