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Institution

School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

FacilityVillejuif, France
About: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences is a facility organization based out in Villejuif, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 1230 authors who have published 2084 publications receiving 57740 citations. The organization is also known as: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales & EHESS.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2010-Synthese
TL;DR: A semantics of degrees of clarity is proposed, inspired from the signal detection theory model, and a view of higher-order vagueness in which the notions of subjective clarity and unclarity are handled asymmetrically at higher orders is outlined.
Abstract: In this paper we compare different models of vagueness viewed as a specific form of subjective uncertainty in situations of imperfect discrimination. Our focus is on the logic of the operator “clearly” and on the problem of higher-order vagueness. We first examine the consequences of the notion of intransitivity of indiscriminability for higher-order vagueness, and compare several accounts of vagueness as inexact or imprecise knowledge, namely Williamson’s margin for error semantics, Halpern’s two-dimensional semantics, and the system we call Centered semantics. We then propose a semantics of degrees of clarity, inspired from the signal detection theory model, and outline a view of higher-order vagueness in which the notions of subjective clarity and unclarity are handled asymmetrically at higher orders, namely such that the clarity of clarity is compatible with the unclarity of unclarity.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is no climate argument to support intensification by switching from sawn-wood timber production towards energy-wood in forestry systems, and a legal framework would be needed to ensure that harvested products are first used for raw materials prior to energy use.
Abstract: No consensus has been reached how to measure the effectiveness of climate change mitigation in the land-use sector and how to prioritize land use accordingly. We used the long-term cumulative and average sectorial C stocks in biomass, soil and products, C stock changes, the substitution of fossil energy and of energy-intensive products, and net present value (NPV) as evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of a hectare of productive land to mitigate climate change and produce economic returns. We evaluated land management options using real-life data of Thuringia, a region representative for central-western European conditions, and input from life cycle assessment, with a carbon-tracking model. We focused on solid biomass use for energy production. In forestry, the traditional timber production was most economically viable and most climate-friendly due to an assumed recycling rate of 80% of wood products for bioenergy. Intensification towards "pure bioenergy production" would reduce the average sectorial C stocks and the C substitution and would turn NPV negative. In the forest conservation (non-use) option, the sectorial C stocks increased by 52% against timber production, which was not compensated by foregone wood products and C substitution. Among the cropland options wheat for food with straw use for energy, whole cereals for energy, and short rotation coppice for bioenergy the latter was most climate-friendly. However, specific subsidies or incentives for perennials would be needed to favour this option. When using the harvested products as materials prior to energy use there is no climate argument to support intensification by switching from sawn-wood timber production towards energy-wood in forestry systems. A legal framework would be needed to ensure that harvested products are first used for raw materials prior to energy use. Only an effective recycling of biomaterials frees land for long-term sustained C sequestration by conservation. Reuse cascades avoid additional emissions from shifting production or intensification.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the wheat productive chain in Brazil and focus on the economic reality of its main connecting links, with emphasis on the links between agricultural and industrial production, concluding that the national wheat culture is threatened and will hardly reach self-sufficiency, since Brazilian producers cannot become competitive enough, neither sustain comparative advantages particularly in relation to competitors from Argentina.
Abstract: The present article is about the wheat productive chain in Brazil and focuses on the economic reality of its main connecting links, with emphasis on the links between agricultural and industrial production. Let it be accentuated that the article brings present time accounts of the sector in Brazil, from the result analysis of field research among agricultural producers, producer co-operatives and wheat mills. The study of the Brazilian wheat culture chain, with its problems, offers a broader view to understand the e country’s conditions, which would allow us not only to answer the exposed doubts, but over all to shed some light on the main paths traced by Brazil’s wheat production in these first years of the XXIst century. The national wheat culture is threatened and will hardly reach self-sufficiency, since Brazilian producers cannot become competitive enough, neither sustain comparative advantages particularly in relation to competitors from Argentina.Wheat commercialization faces equal misfortune, whether related to the product’s prices or to the quality demanded by the mills. Since the full withdrawal of state intervention in national wheat production, carried out in 1991/91, wheat production has been regulated merely by market moods, and this completely modified the status of Brazilian producer competitiveness and it’s negative aftermath is felt throughout chain itself. Thus, one of the main conclusions is that the Brazilian wheat chain does not function adequately, as the efficiency of the national production is kept in check, and its future, compromized.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that Japanese preschoolers were more likely to believe a subordinate than a dominant individual, both compared to chance and compared to previous findings among French preschoolers, which revealed an early emerging cross-cultural difference in the valuing of dominance.
Abstract: Developmental research suggests that young children tend to value dominant individuals over subordinates. This research, however, has nearly exclusively been carried out in Western cultures, and cross-cultural research among adults has revealed cultural differences in the valuing of dominance. In particular, it seems that Japanese culture, relative to many Western cultures, values dominance less. We conducted two experiments to test whether this difference would be observed in preschoolers. In Experiment 1, preschoolers in France and in Japan were asked to identify with either a dominant or a subordinate. French preschoolers identified with the dominant, but Japanese preschoolers were at chance. Experiment 2 revealed that Japanese preschoolers were more likely to believe a subordinate than a dominant individual, both compared to chance and compared to previous findings among French preschoolers. The convergent results from both experiments thus reveal an early emerging cross-cultural difference in the valuing of dominance.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Moreno et al. as discussed by the authors presented an inexact version of the proximal point method for nonsmooth functions, whose regularization is given by a generalized perturbation term, defined as a "curved enough" function of the quasi distance between two successive iterates.
Abstract: In this paper, following the ideas presented in Attouch et al. Math. Program. Ser. A, 137: 91–129, (2013), we present an inexact version of the proximal point method for nonsmooth functions, whose regularization is given by a generalized perturbation term. More precisely, the new perturbation term is defined as a “curved enough” function of the quasi distance between two successive iterates, that appears to be a nice tool for Behavioral Sciences (Psychology, Economics, Management, Game theory, … ). Our convergence analysis is an extension, of the analysis due to Attouch and Bolte Math. Program. Ser. B, 116: 5–16, (2009) and, more generally, to Moreno et al. Optimization, 61:1383–1403, (2011), to an inexact setting of the proximal method which is more suitable from the point of view of applications. In a dynamic setting, (Bento and Soubeyran (2014)) present a striking application on the famous Nobel Prize (Kahneman and Tversky. Econometrica 47(2), 263–291 (1979); Tversky and Kahneman. Q. J. Econ. 106(4), 1039–1061 (38))“loss aversion effect” in Psychology and Management. This application shows how the strength of resistance to change can impact the speed of formation of a habituation/routinization process.

15 citations


Authors

Showing all 1316 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Philippe Aghion12250773438
Andrew J. Martin8481936203
Jean-Jacques Laffont8333232930
Jonathan Grainger7832919719
Jacques Mehler7818823493
James S. Wright7751423684
Thomas Piketty6925136227
Dan Sperber6720732068
Arthur M. Jacobs6726014636
Jacques Mairesse6631020539
Andrew E. Clark6531828819
François Bourguignon6328718250
Emmanuel Dupoux6326714315
Marc Barthelemy6121525783
Pierre-André Chiappori6123018206
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202318
2022134
2021121
2020149
2019119
2018118