School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

About: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences is a facility organization based out in Villejuif, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 1230 authors who have published 2084 publications receiving 57740 citations. The organization is also known as: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales & EHESS.

The structure of the overhanging relations associated with some types of closure systems

Abstract: Over many different kinds of cryptomorphisms equivalent with closure systems (and so with closure operators), we focus here on implication relations and the related overhanging relations, as introduced and axiomatized in a previous paper (Domenach and Leclerc, Math Soc Sci 47(3):349---366, 2004). In relation with data analysis motivations, we particularize the axioms on overhanging relations in order to account for some types of closure systems, such as nested or distributive ones. We also examine the lattice structure of overhanging relations, which is isomorphic to the lattice of closure systems, and derived structures for particular sets of overhangings. Parmi bien des types de structures lies par cryptomorphisme aux systemes de fermeture (et donc aux fermetures), nous considerons ici plus particulierement les relations d'implication et les relations d'emboitement qui leur sont liees, telles qu'introduites et caracterisees axiomatiquement dans un article precedent (Domenach and Leclerc, Math Soc Sci 47(3):349---366, 2004). En relation avec des motivations issues de l'analyse des donnees, nous etablissons des systemes d'axiomes particuliers pour les relations d'emboitement associees a des systemes de fermeture particuliers, comme les familles de parties totalement ordonnees ou distributives. Nous abordons aussi l'etude du treillis des relations d'emboitement, qui est isomorphe a celui des systemes de fermeture, ainsi que des structures qui en resultent sur les ensembles particuliers d'emboitements.

La radicalisation vue par la presse – Fluctuation d’une représentation:

Abstract: One of the consequences of the events that occurred in France in January and November 2015, and of the Syrian war is the focus on radicalisation phenomena. Nonetheless these phenomena have a long h...

Psychanalyse et épistémologie : comment s’extraire de l’impasse actuelle ?

Abstract: Resume Si la psychanalyse apparait encore dans les discussions contemporaines en epistemologie et en histoire des sciences, c’est comme un echec paradigmatique. Les chances sont en effet minces qu’on puisse sauver la psychanalyse dans le cadre epistemologique des sciences naturelles, quoi que pretendent les partisans d’une neuropsychanalyse. Cet article plaide pour un renversement complet des perspectives habituelles. Il soutient que la cure psychanalytique doit etre envisagee non comme un processus psychobiologique, mais avant tout comme un rituel therapeutique, autrement dit en termes sociologiques. La juste comprehension de ce fait, formulee au sein de la theorie psychanalytique, lui confere ensuite une texture anthropologique, et non psychologique. Enfin, la tendance, depuis Freud, a donner une forme naturaliste a la theorie psychanalytique doit elle-meme s’expliquer a la lumiere d’une sociologie historique de la connaissance.

The Cultural Evolution of Oaths, Ordeals, and Lie Detectors

Abstract: In many cultures oaths, ordeals, or lie detectors adjudicate in trials, even though they do not discern liars from truth-tellers. I suggest that these practices owe their cultural success to cognitive mechanisms that make them culturally attractive. Informal oaths trigger mechanisms of commitment in communication. Judicial oaths, by invoking supernatural punishments, trigger intuitions of immanent justice, linking misfortunes following an oath with perjury. These intuitions justify the infliction of costs on oath takers in a way that appears morally justified. Ordeals reflect the same logic. Intuitions about immanent justice link a worse outcome following the ordeal with a guilty verdict. This link justifies the application of the ordeal, and the fixed costs involved (burning, poisoning). Lie detectors also rely on the creation of a link between a specified outcome and a guilty verdict. However, they rely on a variety of intuitions ranging from the plausibly universal to the culturally

Generalized transition waves and their properties

Abstract: In this paper, we generalize the usual notions of waves, fronts and propagation speeds in a very general setting. These new notions, which cover all classical situations, involve uniform limits, with respect to the geodesic distance, to a family of hypersurfaces which are parametrized by time. We prove the existence of new such waves for some time-dependent reaction-diffusion equations, as well as general intrinsic properties, some monotonicity properties and uniqueness results for almost planar fronts. The classification results, which are obtained under appropriate assumptions, show the robustness of our general definition