Showing papers by "SDM College of Engineering and Technology published in 2018"

Survey of Smart Healthcare Systems using Internet of Things (IoT) : (Invited Paper)

Abstract: Monitoring health of a person(s) has become a major IoT application where we need to have a system at home that helps inhabitants to have their health check done without affecting their daily routines. It is very much essential to have a IoT driven remote health monitoring system for ailing individuals which can inform caretakers in case of an emergency. These applications are constrained by the amount of data collected, managed and exchanged. The factors that constraint IoT applications are robustness, privacy, security and reliability. In this paper, a survey of various health care solutions using Internet of Things (IoT) is presented. This paper presents various challenges and problems that occur in smart health system and proposes solution to overcome them.

Continental growth histories revealed by detrital zircon trace elements: A case study from India

Abstract: Simultaneous acquisition of detrital zircon Pb-Pb ages and trace element abundances from grains collected across the Indian craton, spanning ~3 b.y., reveals prominent shifts in Eu/ Eu* and light and middle to heavy rare earth element ratios. These shifts correspond to a ca. 3.0–2.2 Ga interval of crustal thickening during Indian craton formation, followed by a period wherein arc magmatism occurred along thinner craton margins from ca. 1.9 to 1.0 Ga, with arc magmatism concentrated along attenuated continental margins after ca. 1.0 Ga. Similar temporal shifts in trace element concentrations are recognized in global whole-rock compilations. We propose that the post–1.0 Ga increase in juvenile magmatism reflects a switch to lateral arc terrane accretion as the primary style of continental growth over the past billion years. INTRODUCTION In contrast to thin dense mafic oceanic crust, thick continental crust is composed of buoyant, intermediate to felsic rock. These compositional distinctions govern how modern plate tectonics operate: dense oceanic crust is consumed along subduction zones, whereas long-lived continents resist subduction (Rudnick and Gao, 2003; Korenaga, 2013). Because tectonic processes regulate conditions on Earth’s surface environment, primarily through volcanism and chemical weathering, and the presence of exposed continental crust is critical for maintaining habitability, investigating the chemical and structural evolution of continental lithosphere is essential for understanding Earth system evolution. Various geochemical proxies have been used to track crustal growth through time (e.g., Taylor and McLennan, 1995; Rudnick and Gao, 2003), including zircon U-Pb age compilations (Campbell and Allen, 2008; Condie and Aster, 2010). Potential preservational biases in the U-Pb zircon record directed attention to zircon Hf isotopic compositions under the assumptions that these data record extraction of melts from the upper mantle (Kemp et al., 2006; Belousova et al., 2010; Voice et al., 2011). While zircons with mantle-like δ18O values avoid signals from crustal recycling (Dhuime et al., 2012; Kemp et al., 2006), thus serving as a viable means to track volumetric extraction of continental crust from the mantle, these data lack information on the compositional evolution of continents via contributions from mixed, highly fractionated melts. Here we explore the potential for detrital zircon trace element (ZrTE) compositions as a proxy for crustal evolution. Detrital ZrTE data can be used as a provenance tool to distinguish between igneous source rocks (e.g., Belousova et al., 2002; Barth et al., 2013; Grimes et al., 2015); however, these data have not been systematically evaluated with respect to crystallization age over time scales relevant to continent formation. Zircon saturation is elevated in silicic melts, which are often generated along continental arcs (Lee and Bachmann, 2014). The detrital zircon record is therefore strongly influenced by regional arc magmatism (Lee et al., 2016; McKenzie et al., 2016), an important mechanism for crustal addition via water-induced melting of the upper mantle (Rudnick and Gao, 2003). Before the onset of lateral plate tectonics, tonalite-trondhjemitegranodiorites (TTGs) may have been prominent sources of detrital zircon (Moyen and Martin, 2012). However, the detrital zircon record is dominated by zircons younger than 3 Ga (Lee et al., 2016), and so largely reflects secular changes in arc magmatism since plate tectonic initiation (Dhuime et al., 2012, 2015). METHODS AND RATIONALE Three factors suggest that igneous zircon rare earth element (REE) abundances faithfully preserve a record of the composition of silicic parental melts. (1) REE diffusion in zircon is exceedingly slow (Cherniak et al., 1997), precluding diffusive equilibration after crystallization. (2) Zr is an incompatible trace element of moderately high abundance (~101–102 ppm) in silica-rich and intermediate composition magmas, meaning that fractional crystallization elevates melt Zr concentrations to the point of zircon saturation for a large range of melt compositions, H2O contents, and, critically, temperatures (Watson and Harrison, 1983); typical arc magmas are expected to reach zircon saturation at temperatures in excess of ~750 °C (Lee and Bachmann, 2014). (3) Zircon has a propensity to sequester heavy (H) REEs relative to light (L) REEs and middle (M) REEs from the host melt. This is likely driven by the xenotime coupled substitution mechanism (Y + REE)3+ + P5+ = Zr4+ + Si4+ in which the capacity of zircon to accommodate LREE3+ is limited by the large ionic radii of LREEs and attendant lattice strain at the Zr site (Speer and Cooper, 1982). Conversely, the smaller mismatch between ionic radii of Zr4+ and the HREEs accounts for partition coefficients >101 for the REEs Gd and Lu (Hanchar and van Westrenen, 2007). These crystalchemical controls on partitioning mean that REE abundances in zircon are sensitive to the presence of cogenetic HREE-compatible minerals phases, notably garnet or amphibole, in the parental melt. Application of combined detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and TE abundances has been limited by collection of ages and elemental data from different portions of the same grain (Hoskin and Ireland, 2000). Laser ablation split stream– inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LASS-ICP-MS) circumvents this shortfall by simultaneous collection of U-Pb isotopic and TE abundance data from the same analytical volume, enabling zircon crystallization ages to be linked to melt composition. Provided that ZrTE abundances reflect the primary composition of the parental melt, this technique is ideally suited to assess secular trends in TE chemistry of detrital accessory phases. Our study focuses on a detrital zircon data set derived exclusively from the Indian subcontinent. Samples are from southern India (Kaldagi Basin), central India (Vindhyan, Aravalli-Delhi, and Marwar sectors), and northern *E-mails: ryan00@hku.hk; smye@psu.edu GEOLOGY, March 2018; v. 46; no. 3; p. 275–278 | GSA Data Repository item 2018077 | https://doi.org/10.1130/G39973.1 | Published online 24 January 2018 © 2018 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. 276 www.gsapubs.org | Volume 46 | Number 3 | GEOLOGY India (Himalaya) (Fig. 1) (see the GSA Data Repository1). LASS analyses, following the methodology presented by Kylander-Clark et al. (2013), were undertaken at the University of Texas (Austin, Texas, USA) using two ThermoFisher Element 2 high-resolution ICP-MS instruments, coupled to a Photon Machines Analyte G.2 ArF 192 nm excimer laser ablation system (www.teledynecetac.com/; see the Data Repository for analytical details). Our ZrTE and U-Pb data set comprises 574 singlegrain analyses with Pb-Pb ages between ca. 0.4 and 3.4 G—an ~3 b.y. record. To assess variations of mean ZrTE concentration with time, we used Monte Carlo bootstrap resampling (see the Data Repository) (Fig. 2). The bootstrap analysis yields an estimate of the average Indian ZrTE composition through time. To avoid inclusions and metamict grains, ZrTE analyses with Ti > 50 ppm and REE + Y > 1 wt% (Hoskin and Schaltegger, 2003) were discarded (n = 82) from the bootstrap analysis.

Efficient Medical Image Enhancement Technique Using Transform HSV Space and Adaptive Histogram Equalization

Abstract: Medical imaging is required for medical analysis and to extract information about various parts of the body. Imaging methods such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and X-ray are used for diagnosis, and they suffer from low contrast leading to deterioration of image quality. Image enhancement is a technique to improve the perception of information in images so as to provide better visualization. The Medical Image Enhancement plays a vital role and targets the problems of low contrast and high-level noise in accurate diagnosis of particular disease and also for research documentation and analysis. In this work, we propose Efficient Medical Image Enhancement using Transform (Hue, Saturation, and Value) HSV Space, and Adaptive Histogram Equalization. The input color image is converted from RGB to transform HSV space while enhancing only the S space with enhancement factor. The S and V spaces are subjected to Adaptive Histogram Equalization with calculation of local variance for both. Further, the correlation between V and S space is calculated with luminance enhancement saturation feedback. Finally, the Enhanced Luminance V and S Space with H space are converted back to RGB to obtain the enhanced image. The gray images are subjected to the same procedure using Adaptive Histogram Equalization along with pre- and postprocessing filters while excluding the conversion space. The standard medical images from standard datasets (MEDPIX) are considered and subjected to analysis and validation. It is observed that the proposed method is better compared to existing methods in terms of PSNR and also the enhanced quality.

Shielded metal arc welding of UNS S32750 steel: microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour

Abstract: In the present investigation, ER2594 (conventional) and ER2595 (consisting of additional Cu and W) electrodes were used to produce butt joints of 5.5 mm thick super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) sheets using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process. During SMAW process, the heat input was 0.81 kJ mm−1 for ER2594 electrode and 0.75 kJ mm−1 for ER2595 electrode. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the microstructures of different zones, namely, fusion zone (FZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM). Tensile test, impact test and micro-hardness measurements were carried out for both the weldments on samples cut across the weld. The microstructures of the FZ consisted of inter-granular austenite (IGA), grain boundary austenite (GBA) and Widmanstatten austenite (WA). There was minor change in the width of the HAZ of the weldments with the change in electrode. This is expected to be due to the minor change in the heat input during SMAW process. The weld zone (cap pass) of both the weldments predominantly showed WA and mode of solidification was found to be ferritic (F mode). The tensile strength of both the weldments was approximately same as that of base metal and both the samples fractured through the BM. Cr, Fe and Mo rich precipitates were found in the FZ (weld region), which are expected to be formed due to pick of gaseous content from the atmosphere during welding. The FZ of the weldments produced by ER2595 electrode showed better pitting corrosion resistance than those produced by ER2594 electrode.

Implementation of Fingerprint Based Biometric System Using Optimized 5/3 DWT Architecture and Modified CORDIC Based FFT

Abstract: The real-time biometric systems are used to authenticate persons for wide range of security applications. In this paper, we propose implementation of fingerprint-based biometric system using Optimized 5/3 DWT architecture and Modified CORDIC-based Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Optimized 2D-DWT architecture is designed using Optimized 1D-DWT architectures, Memory Units and novel Controller Unit which is used to scan rows and columns of an image. The database fingerprint image is applied to the proposed Optimized 2D-DWT architecture to obtain four sub-bands of LL, LH, HL and HH. The efficient architecture of FFT is designed by using Modified CORDIC processor which generates twiddle factor angles of range $$0^{\circ }$$ – $$360^{\circ }$$ using Pre-processing Unit and Comparator Block. Further, the LL sub-band coefficients are applied to the Modified CORDIC based FFT to generate final fingerprint features. The test fingerprint features are obtained by repeating the same procedure and are used to match the database fingerprint image features using Euclidean Distance. The performance parameters of proposed architecture in terms of area utilization, speed and accuracy is compared with existing architecture to validate the obtained results.

Performance prediction and assessment of energy conservation potential for a light pipe system in Indian composite climate of New Delhi

Abstract: Light pipes are popularly used for transporting outdoor sunlight into deep spaces of the building, and hence, use of artificial lighting could be substantially reduced. Performance prediction of a light pipe is an essential step before its use in buildings, so that energy saving potential of the light pipe could be quantified. This paper deals with experimental validation of three existing semi-empirical models for light pipes with different aspect ratios, installed on a windowless test room, at IIT Delhi, New Delhi. Two new semi-empirical models based on the existing correlations are developed. The new model found to perform better with mean bias error (MBE) and root-mean-squared error (MSE) of 0.076 and 0.01, respectively. The better performing new model is used for the evaluation of hourly internal illuminance by the light pipe in a typical meteorological year (TMY) in New Delhi. From hourly internal illuminance in a typical meteorological year, the energy saving potential and CO2 mitigation potential of light pipe system for the test room are evaluated. Monthly average energy saving potentials of the light pipe-fluorescent tube light system are found to be 50% for continuous dimming control and 38% for three-step on–off control. Results show that the light pipe-fluorescent tube light system, with different lighting controls, could reduce CO2 emissions to 15–50%.

Application of remote sensing and GIS for identification of potential ground water recharge sites in Semi-arid regions of Hard-rock terrain, in north Karnataka, South India

Abstract: Hydro-geomorphological characteristics, together with soil, slope, lineament density and Land use Land cover are signatures of potential ground water recharge areas, and are vital for water harvesting. In the present paper, Fifth order sub-basins in Semi-arid regions of the Varada River basin in South India is studied for selection of suitable area for recharge and prioritize the sub-basins using Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS) P6; Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS III) and ArcGIS 9.2. The Fifth order sub-basins of the Varada River spread in Hard-rock terrain and of different agro-climatic zones. The study shows that there are significant spatial variations in the fifth order basins with respect to their morphometric characteristics such as the basin area, drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and circularity ratio, constant of channel maintenance and slope of the basin. These variations reflect the differences in the hydrological process in the different Sub-basins. Based on the variations in the linear, aerial, relief as well as the slope, lineament density, and precipitation pattern rankings are assigned for each parameter with respect to ground water recharge within the Subbasins. Weighted sum overlay for precipitation, Land use, soil and Water table fluctuation are used to select the suitable areas of recharge within the sub-basins. Buffers created for lineaments and drainage networks were intersected with the suitable area of recharge for the probable tank's locations for recharge. The tank locations identified after intersection and having higher stream orders are further filtered for the identification of potential sites for ground water recharge. In the prioritized sub-basins SB-8, SB-10, SB-11 locations have been selected for recharge.

Blood Vessels Extraction of Retinal Image Using Morphological Operations

Abstract: Blood vessel extraction is on high demand now-a-days as it plays very important role is diagnosing eye related disease in faster rate and efficient way as compared to manual segmentation and detection. The proposed algorithm focuses mainly on pre-processing, extraction and removing frills. Pre-processing has the main important role to play as the result is totally dependent on this step, so pre-processing is done by the use of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). In the next step that is extraction of blood vessels is done through mathematical morphological functions as the vessels resemble patterns. The HRF database consisting of 45 images is used. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB 2013a software. The proposed method provides the accuracy of 95.95%, 96.26% and 95.37% for healthy, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy cases respectively.

Structural mechanical and electrical property evaluation of nano cadmium oxide polyvinyl alcohol composites

Abstract: In this work, the effect of nano cadmium oxide material on the physico-mechanical and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films was studied. A series of PVA/CdO nanocomposites with varying amounts of cadmium oxide (CdO) viz. 0, 0.5, 1.0 2.0 and 4.0 wt% have been prepared by solution casting method. The prepared polymer nanocomposites were analysed for XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV–vis spectra. Further, the tensile strength and elongation of these polymer nanocomposites were measured and compared with those of the neat polymer systems. UV–vis spectra showed that the absorbance increases with the increasing amount of nano CdO. The nano CdO particles are not agglomerated in the PVA matrix as observed from SEM images. The influence of frequency on the dielectric properties was studied at room temperature. The dielectric properties provide the information about the dielectric relaxation and possible interaction between the nano material and polymer matrix which can be exploited for microwave applications.

Performance and emission characteristics of a CNG-Biodiesel dual fuel operation of a single cylinder four stroke CI engine

Abstract: The introducement of stringent emissions norms like Euro V and Euro VI is diverting the research to develop new technologies to reduce the engines exhaust emissions. Many researchers have adopted different techniques for lowering the tailpipe emissions from the engines where oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke are mainly formed. In this study a diesel engine having single cylinder is converted into dual-fuel engine to operate with pilot injection of Diesel/biodiesel ethanol blend and Compressed natural gas (CNG). The engine was operated on both single fuel(SF) and dual fuel(DF) mode. The CNG was inducted into the inlet manifold through a gas carburettor on purpose designed for this application. The injection timings was optimized for CNG- biodiesel. The optimum injection timing was 27°BTDC. The pilot fuel injection pressure was maintained at 230 bar. Engine was operated with optimum Compression ratio of 17.5 and CNG flow rate was optimized and found to be 0.5 kg/h. The effect of CNG induction on combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine with a dual fuel was studied and compared with single fuel operation. Comparative results revealing the effect of dual fuel combustion on the engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions. Based on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics it is concluded that, use of CNG in the dual fuel mode in a diesel engine improves the performance and reduces the exhaust emissions from the engine except for HC and NOX emissions.

Enhancement of Available Transfer Capability of Transmission Lines Using Thyristor Controlled Reactor

Abstract: Increasing energy costs and effect of new transmission lines on environment to meet increasing energy demand have initiated the search and application of various controllers to minimize transmission loss and maximize the power transfer capability of transmission lines. These objectives can be either met by reactive power control on transmission lines using passive devices such as capacitors and inductors or by Thyristor based controllers. In this paper, the capability of Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) to improve voltage profile, to minimize transmission loss and to increase power transfer capability of transmission lines are explained. The comparative study is carried out on Enhancement of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of transmission lines with and without TCR by Power Transfer Distribution Factor (PTDF) method and Repeated Power Flow method (RPF). The simulation results are discussed on IEEE 6 bus system for different degree of compensation using MATLAB and Power World Simulator.

Effect of combustion geometry on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CI engine using simarouba oil methyl ester

Abstract: Present study investigates the effect hemispherical (HCC), cylindrical (CCC), toroidal (TCC) and toroidal re-entrant (TrCC) type combustion chamber (CC) geometry on the characteristics of combustion, performance and exhaust emissions from the engine using Simarouba Oil Methyl Ester (SuOME) and to compare with base engine operated with diesel fuel. Simarouba oil biodiesel is prepared by 2 stage transesterification using methanol and KoH. 4-stroke naturally aspirated single-cylinder water-cooled direct-injection diesel engine with different optimized injection parameters of injection pressure to 240 bar, injection timing to 270bTDC, 6 hole injector of 0.2 mm diameter, and loading condition at rated speed of 1500 rpm were used for testing. Ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD), peak pressure (PP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and exhaust emissions (HC, CO, smoke opacity and NOx) were measured to estimate the behaviour of the diesel engine running on SuOME with different combustion geometry. Results were indicated that, use of SuOME reduces the engine performance with increased emissions compared to fossil diesel conventional fuel. However use of toroidal re-entrant CC gave the better combustion and performance with reduced emission except NOx comparing with other combustion chamber design.

Efficient non-local means denoising for image sequences with dimensionality reduction

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to improve both accuracy and computational efficiency of non-local means video (NLMV) denoising algorithm. A technique of principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the heavy dimensionality of patches. A pre-processing step of shot boundary detection is used to split the video sequence into different shots having content-wise similar frames. Further PCA is computed globally for these shots. To speed-up the denoising process, weights are computed in reduced subspace. In the proposed method, we modify the original histogram difference (HD) technique such that content-wise similar frames are separated more systematically and accurately. We have achieved improvement with respect to accuracy and computational speed compared to standard NLM. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that the proposed method is consistently superior compared to that of NLM and some of its variants.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure drop Characteristics by using twisted tapes of different Twist ratio

Abstract: There are many engineering application that involve heat transfer process, such as solar power collector, thermal power plant, drying agriculture products and many more. All these applications need effective heat transfer. This requires a need of more effective heat transfer with the minimum frictional loss. In view of this an experimental set-up has been built up and experimental investigation has been performed to study the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of air flow through circular pipe. Obtained experimental results through smooth tube are validated with Blasius correlation and Petukhov correlation for friction losses and Dittus-Boelter's correlation, Petukhov's correlation and Gnielinski's correlation for Nusselt number. Further, to study the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics an experimental study has been performed by inserting twisted tapes with and without triangular baffles attached on twisted tapes of twist ratio of 3.8, 3 and 2.6(p itch of 95 mm, 75 mm and 65 mm) and also for Reynolds number ranging from 2600 to 8880. The enhancement heat transfer characteristics were observed with increase in Reynolds number and also with decrease in twist ratio. Friction factor decreases with increase in Reynolds number and also increases with decrease in twist ratio. Further significant enhancement of heat transfer characteristics were observed in twisted tape with triangular baffles compared to twisted tape without baffles.

Performance Analysis of P&O and INC MPPT for WECS

Abstract: By virtue of start of fossil fills overall warming expedited by normal issues, the raising expenses of unrefined oils and standard gasses. They hoist tenacious push to upgrade vitality framework and its proficiency. This paper presents reproduction and execution investigation of network associated WECS with MPPT calculation. The breeze control period structure uses wind turbine (WT), a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a three-organize diode rectifier connect, dc/dc support converter, multilevel inverter with MPPT controller. Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) is utilized for maximum power tracking. The execution of the created display is examined for constant and variable wind speeds. The wind control yield is contrasted and both MPPT calculations. Multilevel inverter is utilized to step up the voltage and to reduce the THD. The MATLAB/Simulink outcome demonstrates the power sharing amongst wind and the Network. At long last the most appropriate MPPT calculation is recommended for the matrix interface of wind vitality change framework.

Performance Comparison of Rectangular and Circular Micro-Strip Antenna at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Applications Using IE3D

Abstract: This paper compares the performance parameters of rectangular and circular micro-strip antenna for 2.4 GHz RFID wireless applications using IE3D simulation software. The main parameters of comparison are return loss, gain, and area. The main objective of the work is to obtain the reduction in the size of circular antenna compared to rectangular for same frequency of operation. Impedance matching between the feeder line and radiating patch is done using planar micro-strip transmission lines. Quarter wave feeding technique is used for both the antennas to provide best matching between antenna and the source. Simulation is done using IE3D simulation software and parameters like bandwidth, return loss, and gain are measured. Results are optimized using optimizing techniques and results are compared with practically measured results. Finally antennas are fabricated and tested using in-house facilities.

Evaluation of Performance Parameters and Economic Analysis of 1MW Grid Connected Solar PV Plant

Abstract: The ongoing shift in the paradigm from conventional power generation to non-conventional power generation has resulted in several interesting developments. Solar power being one of the important renewable energy sources of recent times is likely to play a phenomenal role in the bulk power generation for years to come. The role of a site specific power source is appreciated for the bulk power generation only with its favorable technical and economic feasibility. This paper presents the evaluation of certain performance parameters and economic feasibility analysis of a site specific grid connected solar PV plant using a widely used solar PV performance analysis tool for different PV technologies. The same results are compared with a similarly rated real time solar power plant. The presented results are expected to be the key statistics for the futuristic solar PV site specific installations.

A Framework for Microgrid to Distribution Management System (DMS) Communication in Smart Distribution Network

Abstract: The transformation from conventional power grid to smart grid has brought interdisciplinary concepts together. The distribution management system is a part of the smart grid and is a complex entity which requires different applications for monitoring, control and manage the distribution network operator (DNO). In this paper the communication framework is proposed for microgrid control center (MGCC) to DMS using long term evolution protocol (LTE). The LTE physical layer is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the bit error rate (BER) to signal to noise ratio (SNR) curves are plotted.

Performance Analysis of Steganography for Hiding Miscellaneous Data Using Daubechies Wavelet

Abstract: Securing the private data from getting misused by the eavesdropper during the exchange of data between two or more parties has become a major concern, as large amount of information gets exchanged through the internet nowadays. Image steganography is one such way that can be applied to hide the secret information in an image. The embedding information in an image takes place in steganography such that unauthorized persons cannot identify the presence of hidden data through naked eyes. The aim is to implement embedding and extracting algorithms to hide large number of miscellaneous data (1 colour image, 1 text file and 3 black and white (B&W) images) in a single cover image by applying Daubechies Wavelet. The performance of the algorithm is measured by obtaining high security of the hidden data by embedding it in various patterns, high capacity, high Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and low Mean Square Error (MSE) by using different embedding techniques like Least Significant Bit (LSB) and pseudo random number technique.

Comparative Analysis of TCSC and STATCOM in Power System

Abstract: The demand for electrical power has grown at faster rate due to increasing population. The recent progressions in power electronic area have presented Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) control equipment and these modules enhance the power transfer capability, improves stability, security of the power system. The principle operating modes and applications of FACTS equipment in power system such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) are discussed here. TCSC and STATCOM, in which one is series compensator and another is shunt compensator respectively, Main objectives in this work are to control the active and reactive power flow, voltage regulation in the network using above FACTS devices and Comparative study of TCSC and STATCOM using SIMULINK/MATLAB is carried out. A case study of IEEE standard five-bus system is modelled in the Mi-power, different cases have been worked out and comparative results are tabulated. Finally the best suited FACTS device is suggested for the application in transmission lines.