Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

About: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 19456 authors who have published 33659 publications receiving 365676 citations.

Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits.

Abstract: Genistein is an isoflavone first isolated from the brooming plant Dyer’s Genista tinctoria L. and is widely distributed in the Fabaceae family. As an isoflavone, mammalian genistein exerts estrogen-like functions. Several biological effects of genistein have been reported in preclinical studies, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, the effects of angiogenesis and estrogen, and the pharmacological activities on diabetes and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date evidence of preclinical pharmacological activities with mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and clinical evidence of genistein. The literature was researched using the most important keyword “genistein” from the PubMed, Science, and Google Scholar databases, and the taxonomy was validated using The Plant List. Data were also collected from specialized books and other online resources. The main positive effects of genistein refer to the protection against cardiovascular diseases and to the decrease of the incidence of some types of cancer, especially breast cancer. Although the mechanism of protection against cancer involves several aspects of genistein metabolism, the researchers attribute this effect to the similarity between the structure of soy genistein and that of estrogen. This structural similarity allows genistein to displace estrogen from cellular receptors, thus blocking their hormonal activity. The pharmacological activities resulting from the experimental studies of this review support the traditional uses of genistein, but in the future, further investigations are needed on the efficacy, safety, and use of nanotechnologies to increase bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

The metabolomics of airway diseases, including COPD, asthma and cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) are characterized by airway obstruction and an inflammatory process. Reaching early diagnosis and discrimination of subtypes of these respiratory diseases are quite a challenging task than other chronic illnesses. Metabolomics is the study of metabolic pathways and the measurement of unique biochemical molecules generated in a living system. In the last decade, metabolomics has already proved to be useful for the characterization of several pathological conditions and offers promises as a clinical tool. In this article, we review the current state of the metabolomics of COPD, asthma and CF with a focus on the different methods and instrumentation being used for the discovery of biomarkers in research and translation into clinic as diagnostic aids for the choice of patient-specific therapies.

The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Mental Disorders: A Review on Depression, Anxiety, Alzheimer, and Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Abstract: Background: Probiotics and their nutrient sources (prebiotics) have been shown to have positive effects on different organs of the host. The idea of their potential benefits on Central Nervous Systems (CNS) and the incidence of Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer, Depression, Autism, and other mental disorders has proposed a new category of medicines called �psychobiotic� which is hoped to be of low-side effect anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety constitutes. Objective: In the current review, we present valuable insights into the complicated interactions between the GI microbiota (especially in the colon), brain, immune and central nervous systems and pro-vide a summary of the main findings of the effects of pro-and prebiotics on important mental disorders from the potential mechanisms of action to their application in clinical practice. Methods: Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched using following key words: �probiotics�, �prebiotics�, �mental disorders�, �psychological disorders�, �depres-sion�, �anxiety�, �stress�, �Alzheimer� and �autism spectrum�. The full text of potentially eligible studies was retrieved and assessed in detail by the reviewers. Data were extracted and then summarized from the selected papers. Results: The results of the provided evidence suggest that probiotic and prebiotics might improve mental function via several mechanisms. The beneficial effects of their application in Depression, Anxiety, Alzheimer and autism spectrum diseases have also been supported in clinical studies. Conclusion: Pro and prebiotics can improve mental health and psychological function and can be of-fered as new medicines for common mental disorders, however, more clinical studies are necessary to conduct regarding the clinical significance of the effects and their bioequivalence or superiority against current treatments. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.

Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ciprofloxacin

Abstract: We have developed a novel and efficient electrochemical sensor to measure ciprofloxacin using a composite of magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Magnetic MIP (MMIP) capable of selectively responding to ciprofloxacin was successfully synthesized by a simple method. The characterization of the imprinted composite was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The performance of the carbon paste electrode modified with MMIP was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry to detect ciprofloxacin selectively. The detection limit of this method was determined to be 0.0017 μmol L−1 with a linear detection range (3Sb/m) of 0.005–0.85 μmol L−1. This method proved to be a simple, selective and rapid way of determining ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids. It has potential applications in routine analysis with high specificity, excellent reproducibility, and good stability.