Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

About: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 19456 authors who have published 33659 publications receiving 365676 citations.

Peripheral and central giant cell granulomas of the jaws: a demographic study.

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to assess the demographic characteristics of peripheral giant cell granulomas (PGCGs) and central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) in patients treated at our centers. Study design This 12-year retrospective study was based on existing data. Files of patients from 1993-2004 with a definite diagnosis of PGCGs and CGCGs from the oral pathology departments of our universities were assessed. Information regarding age distribution, gender, the jaw involved, the presenting area of the lesion, surgical treatment, and recurrence was documented. Results During the study period, 204 patients with CGCGs were treated. The patients with CGCGs varied in age from 5 to 72 years, and the mean age patients was 23.72 years. Among these, 127 cases (62.87%) occurred in the second and third decades of life. One hundred thirty cases (63.75%) occurred in females and 74 (36.25%) in males. Ninety cases (44.1%) presented in posterior parts of the jaws. One hundred forty-four cases (70.58%) appeared in the mandible. Peripheral GCGs presented in 575 patients, who varied in age from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 31.02 years. Among these, 297 cases (51.65%) occurred in females and 278 (48.34%) in males. Four hundred sixty-seven cases (81.2%) occurred in the first five decades of life, and 352 cases (61.21%) appeared in the mandible. Conclusions Giant cell granulomas comprised 9.29% of oral lesions. Peripheral GCG lesions occurred more than 2 times more frequently than CGCGs. Central GCGs occurred about 2 times more frequently in females, whereas PGCGs had an equal prevalence in both genders ( P P P P P

A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): A pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys

Abstract: Background Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors based on disease risk depends on valid risk prediction equations. We aimed to develop, and apply in example countries, a risk prediction equation for cardiovascular disease (consisting here of coronary heart disease and stroke) that can be recalibrated and updated for application in different countries with routinely available information. Methods We used data from eight prospective cohort studies to estimate coefficients of the risk equation with proportional hazard regressions. The risk prediction equation included smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, and total cholesterol, and allowed the effects of sex and age on cardiovascular disease to vary between cohorts or countries. We developed risk equations for fatal cardiovascular disease and for fatal plus non-fatal cardiovascular disease. We validated the risk equations internally and also using data from three cohorts that were not used to create the equations. We then used the risk prediction equation and data from recent (2006 or later) national health surveys to estimate the proportion of the population at different levels of cardiovascular disease risk in 11 countries from different world regions (China, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Iran, Japan, Malawi, Mexico, South Korea, Spain, and USA). Findings The risk score discriminated well in internal and external validations, with C statistics generally 70% or more. At any age and risk factor level, the estimated 10 year fatal cardiovascular disease risk varied substantially between countries. The prevalence of people at high risk of fatal cardiovascular disease was lowest in South Korea, Spain, and Denmark, where only 5–10% of men and women had more than a 10% risk, and 62–76% of men and 79–82% of women had less than a 3% risk. Conversely, the proportion of people at high risk of fatal cardiovascular disease was largest in China and Mexico. In China, 33% of men and 28% of women had a 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease of 10% or more, whereas in Mexico, the prevalence of this high risk was 15% for men and 11% for women. The prevalence of less than a 3% risk was 37% for men and 42% for women in China, and 54% for men and 68% for women in Mexico. Interpretation We developed a cardiovascular disease risk equation that can be recalibrated for application in different countries with routinely available information. The estimated percentage of people at high risk of fatal cardiovascular disease was higher in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Funding US National Institutes of Health, UK Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust.

Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Background The unpredictable nature of the new COVID-19 pandemic and the already alarming incidence of healthcare workers being affected can have a significant impact on the psychological well-being of the staff. Objective To describe the prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals and the associated factors. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Eight university affiliated hospitals in the capital city of Tehran, Iran. Participants All healthcare workers at the study sites who had been taking care of COVID-19 patients. Measurements Age, gender, marital status, having children, hospital, job category, experience, and work load, as well as the level of burnout in each subscale. Results 326 persons (53.0%) experienced high levels of burnout. The average score in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment was 26.6, 10.2, and 27.3, respectively. The level of burnout in the three subscales varied based on the personal as well as work related factors and gender was the only variable that was associated with high levels of all three domains. Limitations There was no control group and thus we cannot claim a causal relationship between COVID-19 and the observed level of burnout. Not all confounding factors might have been accounted for. Conclusions Burnout is prevalent among healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. Age, gender, job category, and site of practice contribute to the level of burnout that the staff experience. Funding source None

Textile wastewater decolorization by zero valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate: Compared with zero valent copper

Abstract: Textile wastewater must be decolorized before discharging into the environment. In this study, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was activated by zero valent iron (ZVI) to produce sulfate radical for degradation of organic compounds. The optimum condition for activation of PMS was provided in pH of 4 and 3000 mg/L ZVI. ZVI compared to zero valent copper (ZVC) was more effective in terms of COD and color removals. PMS and H 2 O 2 performances were compared and the results showed that PMS had more efficiency in similar conditions. Simultaneous use of PMS and H 2 O 2 synergically increased decolorization rate. The TOC and COD removal efficiencies of various processes were in the following order: ZVI–PMS–H 2 O 2 ≥ ZVI–PMS > ZVI–H 2 O 2 > ZVC–PMS > ZVC–H 2 O 2 . The average oxidation state (AOS) was considerably increased after oxidation processes using PMS and H 2 O 2. This result indirectly proves biodegradability improvement of real textile wastewater. Finally, the oxidative processes were economically compared based on cost of chemicals.

Does Severity of Alzheimer's Disease Contribute to Its Responsiveness to Modifying Gut Microbiota? A Double Blind Clinical Trial.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Evidence indicates that gut microbiota is altered in the AD and, hence, modifying the gut flora may affect the disease. In the previous clinical research we evaluated the effect of a probiotic combination on the cognitive abilities of AD patients. Since, in addition to pathological disorders, the AD is associated with changes in oxidant/antioxidant and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory biomarkers, the present work was designed to evaluate responsiveness of the inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers to the probiotic treatment. The control (CON) and probiotic (PRO) AD patients were treated for 12 weeks by the placebo and probiotic supplementation, respectively. The patients were cognitively assessed by Test Your Memory (TYM = 50 scores). Also serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-10) were measured. The cognitive test and the serum biomarkers were assessed pre- and post-treatment. According to TYM test 83.5% of the patients showed severe AD. The CON (12.86% ± 8.33) and PRO (-9.35% ± 16.83) groups not differently scored the cognitive test. Not pronounced change percent was found in the serum level of TNF-α (1.67% ± 1.33 vs. -0.15% ± 0.27), IL-6 (0.35% ± 0.17 vs. 2.18% ± 0.15), IL-10 (0.05% ± 0.10 vs. -0.70% ± 0.73), TAC (0.07% ± 0.07 and -0.06% ± 0.03), GSH (0.08% ± 0.05 and 0.04% ± 0.03) NO (0.11% ± 0.06 and 0.05% ± 0.09), MDA (-0.11% ± 0.03 and -0.17% ± 0.03), 8-OHdG (43.25% ± 3.01 and 42.70% ± 3.27) in the CON and PRO groups, respectively. We concluded that the cognitive and biochemical indications in the patients with severe AD are insensitive to the probiotic supplementation. Therefore, in addition to formulation and dosage of probiotic bacteria, severity of disease and time of administration deeply affects results of treatment.