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Institution

Shandong Normal University

EducationJinan, Shandong, China
About: Shandong Normal University is a education organization based out in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Nonlinear system. The organization has 12378 authors who have published 12576 publications receiving 174572 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical quantum key distribution scheme using EPR pairs is presented, which is efficient in that it uses all EPR pair in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers.
Abstract: A theoretical quantum key distribution scheme using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is presented. This scheme is efficient in that it uses all EPR pairs in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers. The high capacity is achieved because each EPR pair carries 2 bits of key code.

1,494 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

1,129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Electrochemical tests reveal that MoS2 is first utilized to catalyze the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and this work represents an important addition to the growing family of transition-metal-based catalysts with advanced performance in NRR.
Abstract: The discovery of stable and noble-metal-free catalysts toward efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrogen (N2 ) to ammonia (NH3 ) is highly desired and significantly critical for the earth nitrogen cycle. Here, based on the theoretical predictions, MoS2 is first utilized to catalyze the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Electrochemical tests reveal that such catalyst achieves a high Faradaic efficiency (1.17%) and NH3 yield (8.08 × 10-11 mol s-1 cm-1 ) at -0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 m Na2 SO4 . Even in acidic conditions, where strong hydrogen evolution reaction occurs, MoS2 is still active for the NRR. This work represents an important addition to the growing family of transition-metal-based catalysts with advanced performance in NRR.

713 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on various strategies for the design of fluorescent probes for the selective detection of biothiols according to reaction types between the probes and thiols such as cyclization with aldehydes, conjugate addition-cyclization with acrylates, native chemical ligation, and aromatic substitution-rearrangement.
Abstract: Simple thiol derivatives, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play key roles in biological processes, and the fluorescent probes to detect such thiols in vivo selectively with high sensitivity and fast response times are critical for understanding their numerous functions However, the similar structures and reactivities of these thiols pose considerable challenges to the development of such probes This review focuses on various strategies for the design of fluorescent probes for the selective detection of biothiols We classify the fluorescent probes for discrimination among biothiols according to reaction types between the probes and thiols such as cyclization with aldehydes, conjugate addition–cyclization with acrylates, native chemical ligation, and aromatic substitution-rearrangement

662 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A metal-free catalyst that selectively reduces nitrogen to ammonia with high efficiency and stability is reported, placing it among the most active aqueous-based nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts.
Abstract: Conversion of naturally abundant nitrogen to ammonia is a key (bio)chemical process to sustain life and represents a major challenge in chemistry and biology. Electrochemical reduction is emerging as a sustainable strategy for artificial nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions by tackling the hydrogen- and energy-intensive operations of the Haber–Bosch process. However, it is severely challenged by nitrogen activation and requires efficient catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction. Here we report that a boron carbide nanosheet acts as a metal-free catalyst for high-performance electrochemical nitrogen-to-ammonia fixation at ambient conditions. The catalyst can achieve a high ammonia yield of 26.57 μg h–1 mg–1cat. and a fairly high Faradaic efficiency of 15.95% at –0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, placing it among the most active aqueous-based nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Notably, it also shows high electrochemical stability and excellent selectivity. The catalytic mechanism is assessed using density functional theory calculations. Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen is a promising route to industrial-scale nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions, but is challenged by activation of inert nitrogen. Here the authors report a metal-free catalyst that selectively reduces nitrogen to ammonia with high efficiency and stability.

575 citations


Authors

Showing all 12482 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Jinde Cao117143057881
Wei Zhang112118993641
Miao Liu11199359811
Qian Wang108214865557
Jun Yang107209055257
Feng Li10499560692
Feng Chen95213853881
Gang Li9348668181
Jianhong Wu9372636427
Chen-Ho Tung8966230111
Shu Tao8763927304
Bernhard Hommel8547528851
Lingxin Chen8542125147
Bo Tang8370624472
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202339
2022173
20211,864
20201,710
20191,488
20181,346