Showing papers by "Shanghai Jiao Tong University published in 1994"
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that both covenants and collateral can be motivated as contractual devices that increase a lender's incentive to monitor, which is consistent with a number of stylized facts about the use of covenants in institutional lending.
Abstract: Although monitoring borrowers is thought to be a major function of financial institutions, the presence of other claimants reduces an institutional lender's incentive to engage in costly monitoring. Thus loan contracts must be structured so as to enhance this incentive. Short-term debt gives the lender the power to force renegotiation or liquidation when the debt matures, but this ability is not contingent on monitoring. By contrast, covenants make the loan's effective maturity, and the ability to collateralize makes the loan's effective priority, contingent on monitoring by the lender. Thus both covenants and collateral can be motivated as contractual devices that increase a lender's incentive to monitor. These results are consistent with a number of stylized facts about the use of covenants and collateral in institutional lending.
159 citations
TL;DR: Ex expression of CRM1 was an independent prognostic parameter for longer overall survival and a significant prognostic indicator for progression-free survival in osteosarcoma and overall survival in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Abstract: The nuclear export protein chromosomal region maintenance/exportin 1/Xpo1 (CRM1) is involved in the nuclear export of proteins and messenger RNAs and, thus, mediates the subcellular distribution of important molecules. Osteosarcoma is a ubiquitous and highly aggressive malignant bone tumor. The expression of CRM1 protein in human osteosarcoma has not been reported to date. We investigated the expression of CRM1 in 57 human osteosarcoma and 5 normal cartilage tissues. Western blot investigation revealed expression of CRM1 was significantly increased in osteosarcoma compared with normal tissues. High expression of CRM1 was significantly associated with increased serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, P=0.001) but did not associate with that of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, P=0.06). In univariate analysis, a significant association between CRM1 expression and tumor size (P=0.014) as well as histological grade (P=0.003) was observed, while high CRM1 expression was not correlated with the other clinicopathological parameters. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, high CRM1 expression was a significant prognostic indicator for progression-free survival (P=0.016) as well as overall survival (P=0.008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that expression of CRM1 was an independent prognostic parameter for longer overall survival (95% CI, 1.27-5.39). Additional prospective studies are required to investigate the prognostic role of high expression of CRM1.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented theoretical modeling and an experimental investigation of the variation of oil effective bulk modulus (β e ) with pressure in hydraulic systems, and a pressure sensitive model of the and its several simplified forms have been derived.
Abstract: The paper presents theoretical modeling and an experimental investigation of the variation of oil effective bulk modulus (β e ) with pressure in hydraulic systems. A pressure sensitive model of the and its several simplified forms have been derived. In addition, a method for parameter identification has been formulated. In an actual hydraulic system, values for β e at different load pressures were obtained, model parameters identified and modelling errors evaluated
103 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a survey of the literature on optimal financial contracts in the face of various asymmetries of information, control, and type is presented, including costly state verification and agency, adverse selection, allocation of control rights among investors and the design of ownership structure.
Abstract: The firm can be regarded as consisting of several groups of investors and managers whose interests are regulated by the contracts between them. This survey covers the literature that looks at the nature of optimal financial contracts in the face of various asymmetries of information, control and type. Five areas are considered: (i) costly state verification and agency; (ii) adverse selection; (iii) the allocation of control rights among investors and the design of ownership structure; (iv) the allocation of risk and (v) acquisition of information.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a formula for partial arrest cycles number is proposed to calculate the fatigue life of crack closure under programmed spectrum load, and the experimental results show that the proposed formula is compared with other predicted and experimental data.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the tensile behavior of one Fe[sub 3]Al based alloy, Fe-28Al-2Ti (in atomic percent), under different strain rates at high temperatures was examined by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Abstract: In this paper the authors report the superplasticity behavior in Fe[sub 3]Al with large grains The tensile behavior of one Fe[sub 3]Al based alloy, Fe-28Al-2Ti (in atomic percent), under different strain rates at high temperatures was examined The microstructure before and after deformation was observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The results revealed that the Fe[sub 3]Al alloy with a large grain size of 100[mu]m exhibited a large elongation of more than 150% from 800 C to 900 C with a strain rate range of 10[sup [minus]4] [approximately] 10[sup [minus]3]/s The maximum elongation is 3328% at 850 C under a strain rate of 1 [times] 10[sup [minus]3]/s A tensile elongation of up to 507% was obtained by slightly changing the gauge section and/or modifying the composition The reason for the large elongation is ascribed to the dynamic recovery and recrystallization in this alloy at high temperature
48 citations
01 Jan 1994
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium equation of point defects in L 1 2 types of intermetallic compounds was established in a new simple method, which is independent of the chemical potentials.
Abstract: The equilibrium equation of point defects in L1 2 types of intermetallic compounds was established in a new simple method, which is independent of the chemical potentials. The formation energies of the relevant point defects in Ni 3 Al were calculated by EAM potentials and statical relaxations. The concentration of point defects at 1000 K as a function of bulk composition and the effect of temperature on them were studied for Ni 3 Al alloy. The results show that the Al-antisites are the constitutional defects in hypostoichiometric Ni 3 Al, and the Ni-antisite defects in hyperstoichiometric Ni 3 Al. The two types of vacancies belong to thermal defects. The positron annihilation technique was also conducted to measure the concentration of vacancies in Ni 3 Al alloys with and without boron. Although vacancies interact with the boron dopant, the changes of vacancy concentration in Ni 3 Al alloys can not be considered as the main reason in explaining the effect of stoichiometry on the segregation of boron. The effect of stoichiometry on diffusion in Ni 3 Al alloys was discussed additionally.
42 citations
TL;DR: It is found that SENP5 predominantly localized to cytoplasm of OSCC cells and the expression of SENp5 in OSCC is not the same as in paracarcinoma epithelia.
Abstract: Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) play an important role in tumors. The SUMOylation can be reversed by SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). As one of the crucial members of the SUMO system, SENP5 is essential in mitosis and/or cytokinesis. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of SENP5 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma and investigated the relationship between its expression level and clinicopathological parameters. Expression levels of SENP5 in 48 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was evaluated semiquantitatively using German immunoreactive score (IRS). The relationship between SENP5 expression status and the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients was analyzed and survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. We found that SENP5 predominantly localized to cytoplasm of OSCC cells and the expression of SENP5 in OSCC is not the same as in paracarcinoma epithelia. The SENP5 expression status was associated with differentiation of OSCC and not with any other clinicopathological parameters. These findings suggest altered subcellular localization of SENP5 in OSCC cells and the correlation between SENP5 expression and the differentiation of OSCC.
37 citations
34 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study indicated that zoledronate enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel synergistically, by reducing the incidence of bone metastasis from lung cancer and prolonging survival in a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer with a high potential for metastasis to bone.
Abstract: Zoledronic acid (Zometa, ZOL) and cytotoxic chemotherapy agents have been reported to have synergistic antitumor activities. However, there is limited data on the effects of combination therapies on the development of bone metastasis in animal models of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to establish a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line with high bone metastatic potential in an immunodeficient mouse model and to evaluate the synergistic inhibitory activity of zoledronate and paclitaxel (P) on bone metastasis in nude mice. A human lung adenocarcinoma cell line with high bone metastatic potential (SPC-A1-BM) was established by 10 rounds of in vivo selection. Cells were inoculated into the cardiac ventricle of NIH-BNX mice, which were treated 8 days later with: ZOL (0.2 mg/kg s.c. twice weekly) alone, P (6.0 mg/kg every week, i.p.) alone, P + ZOL, or vehicle (10 mice per group). Tumor growth was evaluated with bone scans, X-rays and in situ immunohistochemistry. Serum n-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) was measured by ELISA. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Bone scan, radiographic and histological assessments revealed fewer bone metastases in all treatment groups vs. vehicle, with P + ZOL significantly reducing the incidence of bone metastases detected by bone scans (P=0.020) and X-rays (P=0.036). A histological analysis revealed marginal differences in the number of bone metastases between P + ZOL and vehicle (P=0.058). There was a trend towards differences in survival between the groups (P=0.1511) and survival was significantly longer for the P + ZOL group vs. vehicle (P=0.022). Compared with vehicle and ZOL alone, cancerous cells in the bone of mice treated with P + ZOL expressed higher levels of Bax and lower levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. ZOL produced a trend towards reduced NTX levels vs. vehicle and P + ZOL produced a profound reduction in NTX vs. vehicle (P=0.022). The results of this study indicated that zoledronate enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel synergistically, by reducing the incidence of bone metastasis from lung cancer and prolonging survival in a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer with a high potential for metastasis to bone.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the starting temperature of the martensitic transformation and the grain size of the parent phase, d, in ZrO2-containing ceramics was investigated.
Abstract: The relationship between the starting temperature of the martensitic transformation, M
s, and the grain size of the parent phase, d, in ZrO2-containing ceramics was investigated. The experimental results showed that in tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with CeO2 (8 mol%) and Y2O3 (0.25 mol%) (8Ce, 0.25Y-TZP), the M
s temperature displays a linear relationship with d
−1/2, its slope being negative. A new explanation for this phenomenon, the so-called the size effect, has been presented, in which the grain size of the parent phase affects the M
s temperature through the strength of the parent phase. Thermodynamic calculation of the relationship between M
s and d gives a result consistent with the experimental ones.
TL;DR: In this article, the propagation of strong singularities for constant coefficient semilinear hyperbolic equations and systems is studied and the limits of regularized solutions are computed as the initial data converge to derivatives of Dirac measures on lower dimensional submanifolds.
Abstract: This paper deals with the propagation of strong singularities for constant coefficient semilinear hyperbolic equations and systems. Limits of regularized solutions are computed as the initial data converge to derivatives of Dirac measures on lower dimensional submanifolds. A general method is given which applies whenever the fundamental solution to the principal part is an integrable measure. Particular cases are semilinear first order systems in one space variable and the semilinear Klein-Gordon equation in at most three space variables.
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: Eight new nucleotide sequences derived from the second exons of class II genes within the major histocompatibility complex of Sanguinus oedipus (cotton‐top tamarin) are presented.
Abstract: SUMMARY
We present eight new nucleotide sequences derived from the second exons of class II genes within the major histocompatibility complex of Sanguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin). These comprise two DRB alleles (Saoe-DRB3*0504, -DRB*w1203), two DQA1 alleles (Saoe-DQA1*2501, -DQA1*2502), two DQB1 alleles (Saoe-DQB1*2201, -DQB1*2301), one DQB2 allele (Saoe-DQB2*0101) and one DPB1 allele (Saoe-DPB1*0101).
TL;DR: Positive correlations were found between the IGFBP3 protein-positive grade in cancerous tissue and the tumor size as well as lymph node metastasis, a larger tumor size and positive lymph nodes metastasis indicating a higher level of IGFBP2 protein- positive grade in OSCC.
Abstract: Previously, we established an in vitro cellular carcinogenesis model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including a human immortalized oral epithelial cell (HIOEC) line and its derived cancerous HB96 cell line. Further cDNA microarray analysis showed a significant up-regulated gene, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), accompanying with in vitro cancerization from HIOEC to HB96. In order to investigate IGFBP3 up-regulation and its potential usefulness as a molecular marker in OSCC, we detected the IGFBP3 expression with a panel of OSCC lines, and clinical samples of cancerous tissues and paired adjacent non-malignant epithelia from primary OSCC patients. Western blotting and real-time PCR showed increased IGFBP3 mRNA level and protein expression in OSCC cell lines compared with HIOEC in vitro; immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR also showed increased IGFBP3 mRNA level and protein expression in cancerous tissues compared with adjacent non-malignant epithelia from OSCC patients. Positive correlations were found between the IGFBP3 protein-positive grade in cancerous tissue and the tumor size as well as lymph node metastasis, a larger tumor size and positive lymph node metastasis indicating a higher level of IGFBP3 protein-positive grade. Based on these results, IGFBP3 may be used as a positive biomarker for OSCC development and progression.
26 Oct 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of second-order and third-order nonlinear optical waveguide devices including second harmonic generation, nonlinear directional coupler and nonlinear grating reflector is presented.
Abstract: Based on the discussion of general principles and fundamental phenomena in nonlinear guided-wave optics, this article presents a review of second-order and third-order nonlinear optical waveguide devices including second harmonic generation, nonlinear directional coupler, nonlinear grating reflector, nonlinear M-Z interferomenter, etc.; the analysis and comparison of nonlinear waveguide materials and measurement techniques; and an review of the research fields and prospects of nonlinear integrated optics.
TL;DR: It is reported here, however, that Tk could exert potent inhibitory effects on human lymphoproliferative responses in vitro to allogeneic, mitogenic and soluble antigens with 50% inhibition doses ranged between 0.05 and 0.5 μg/m1.
Abstract: Trichosanthin(Tk), a polypeptide with 249 amino acid residues isolated and purified from a Chinese medicinal herb, showed the capability of inducing abortion and was able to inhibit tumor growth and HIV replication. Owing to sequence homology of the peptide with a ribosome-inactivating protein, the downward activity of Tk was suggested to be related to its cytotoxic property. We report here, however, that Tk could exert potent inhibitory effects on human lymphoproliferative responses in vitro to allogeneic, mitogenic and soluble antigens with 50% inhibition doses ranged between 0.05 and 0.5 μg/m1. The low-responsiveness caused by Tk was not due to toxic cytolysis. Rather, evidences suggested that, in the dose range adopted, the Tk-induced inhibition was attributable, at least in part, to immune suppression, in view of (1) Tk was more effective in the early stage of alloreactivity; (2) Suppression also occurred if responder cells were pulse-treated with Tk rather than cocultured; (3) Irradiated Tk-pulsed cells were capable of inducing suppression in a Tk-free culture; (4) Suppression could also be transferred by the supernatants of Tk-pulsed cultured cells; (5) Tk-induced immune suppression was diminished by depletion of CD8+ cells from the culture, and, finally; (6) Adding CD8+ cells back to the culture could restore the suppression: Thus the possibility that Tk might function as a down-regulator by immunological mechanisms in human immune responses is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on cell proliferation, invasion and adhesion, which are all related to ovarian cancer, was investigated in the cultured human ovarian carcinoma cell line HO-8910PM.
Abstract: Hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) regulates the transcription of a number of genes under hypoxia and other extracellular or intracellular stimulations. It also promotes angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and invasion. To investigate the effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on cell proliferation, invasion and adhesion, which are all related to ovarian cancer, we applied chemically-induced hypoxia in the cultured human ovarian carcinoma cell line, HO-8910PM. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results show that CoCl2 induces the expression of HIF-1alpha in a time- and dose-dependent manner. MTT assay results show that CoCl2-induced hypoxia inhibits cell proliferation which is recovered by reoxygenation. The Boyden and cell adhesion test results indicate that CoCl2-induced hypoxia inhibits cell invasion and adhesion which are markedly enhanced by reoxygenation in the human ovarian carcinoma cell line, HO-8910PM. Collectively, our data provide insight into understanding molecular mechanisms of the invasiveness of ovarian cancer under the conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the necessary conditions for the existence of a 4-IPMD (v, n) (v − 3n − 1) ≡ 0 (mod 4) and v ≥ 3n + 1, are shown to be sufficient for the case n = 3.
Abstract: Let v, k, and n be positive integers. An incomplete perfect Mendelsohn design, denoted by k-IPMD(v, n), is a triple (X, Y, ) where X is a v-set (of points), Y is an n-subset of X, and is a collection of cyclically ordered k-subsets of X (called blocks) such that every ordered pair (a, b) ∈ (X × X)\(Y × Y) appears t-apart in exactly one block of and no ordered pair (a,b) ∈ Y × Y appears in any block of for any t, where 1 ≤ t ≤ k − 1. In this article, the necessary conditions for the existence of a 4-IPMD(v, n), namely (v − n) (v − 3n − 1) ≡ 0 (mod 4) and v ≥ 3n + 1, are shown to be sufficient for the case n = 3. For the case n = 2, these conditions are sufficient except for v = 7 and with the possible exception of v = 14,15,18,19,22,23,26,27,30. The latter result provides a useful application to the problem relating to the packing of perfect Mendelsohn designs with block size 4. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of the modified Gribov-Levin-Ryskin evolution equation which incorporates both shadowing and antishadowing are analyzed and some important conclusions of the GLR equation should be rewritten.
TL;DR: In this article, the peak and recovery heat flux densities (q P, q R ) in a bath of subcooled superfluid helium were measured using a RhFe wire (d = 51 μ m, L = 34.8 mm).
08 May 1994
TL;DR: The authors argue that among all data relevant to assembly, the key data for generating assembly sequences are the liaison type and the assembly direction, and from these data many important geometrical, topological and technological constraints can be inferred that can be used as criteria for reducing the user's input data and the information to be extracted from the CAD database.
Abstract: A general scenario of disassembly is figured out, starting from the authors' past study of the internal structures of machines and devices, based on a mechanical engineer's point of view. The authors argue that among all data relevant to assembly, the key data for generating assembly sequences are the liaison type and the assembly direction. From these data many important geometrical, topological and technological constraints can be inferred that can be used as criteria for reducing the user's input data and the information to be extracted from the CAD database. These criteria minimize the possible decompositions at each stage of disassembly, and may even guide the search towards the best plan. A fast planner has been implemented in PROLOG, giving a user friendly system capable of generating optimal assembly plans very quickly, with a computational cost roughly proportional to the number of parts in the final assembly. >
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of various reinforcements on damping behavior of Zn-Al alloys are investigated and some new phenomena are reported in preliminary damping studies of long graphite fiber, short graphite fibre and silicon carbide whisker reinforced ZnAl alloy based composites.
Abstract: Among high damping materials, Zn-Al alloys are considered to be the most excellent non-ferromagnetic damping alloys due to their attractive properties such as low melting point, low density, good workability and high damping capacity in a broad frequency range. The limitations to high temperature use of these alloys are their poor high temperature mechanical properties and dimensional instability. Recently, various reinforcements have been added to Zn-Al alloys to improve their high temperature properties while to increase their specific strength. Stiffness, wear resistance and to decrease thermal expansion coefficient. However, the effects of these reinforcements on damping behavior of Zn-Al alloys are yet to be elucidated. The present paper is to report some new phenomena found in preliminary damping studies of long graphite fiber, short graphite fiber and silicon carbide whisker reinforced Zn-Al alloy based composites.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors calculated the polaron binding energies in QWW with strong electron-phonon interaction using variational method of Pekar type and showed that, with the increasing confinement strength of QWW, the binding energy in the ground state and in the excited state increases.
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element-mathematical programming method is presented for solving frictional contact problems in elasticity, based on the derived contact conditions and the principle of virtual work, which can avoid the tiresome iteration appearing in previous trial and error methods.
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear Neumann condition is defined for the case where the initial data are the sum of a singular part (a, a,), consisting of distributions with discrete support in (0, oo), and a regular part (go, g,).
Abstract: \ 0. The functions f, G are assumed to be smooth and globally Lipschitz continuous, f(0) = G(0) = 0. Other boundary conditions can be treated as well; we focus on a nonlinear Neumann condition, which is the most relevant among nonlinear boundary conditions from the viewpoint of applications (see, for example, the discussion of boundary conditions in Graff [l]). The initial data are the sum of a singular part (a,, a,), consisting of distributions with discrete support in (0, oo), and a regular part (go, g,). The boundary data g(t) are also assumed to be sufficiently regular. Let U, be the classical solution to
13 Apr 1994
TL;DR: A new technique is proposed for LOG (Laplacian Of Gaussian) filtering based on the method using look-up-tables, taking advantage of the circularly symmetric characteristic of the LOG filter to transform a large amount of multiplying operations into easy look- up-table operations.
Abstract: A new technique is proposed for LOG (Laplacian Of Gaussian) filtering based on the method using look-up-tables. The authors take advantage of the circularly symmetric characteristic of the LOG filter, then a look-up-table with acceptable size is established. This transforms a large amount of multiplying operations into easy look-up-table operations. At the same time, another mask which can form an adaptive threshold is added to the LOG mask so that the decision whether a edge exists or not from the result of convolution can be made easily. As a result, LOG filtering becomes a method of edge detection in real time. >