Shanghai Jiao Tong University

About: Shanghai Jiao Tong University is a education organization based out in Shanghai, Shanghai, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 157524 authors who have published 184620 publications receiving 3451038 citations. The organization is also known as: Shanghai Communications University & Shanghai Jiaotong University.

Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Functionalization of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Abstract: Visible-light-induced radical decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids and their derivatives has recently received considerable attention as a novel and efficient method to create CC and CX bonds. Generally, this visible-light-promoted decarboxylation process can smoothly occur under mild reaction conditions with a broad range of substrates and an excellent functional-group tolerance. The radical species formed from the decarboxylation step can participate in not only single photocatalytic transformations, but also dual-catalytic cross-coupling reactions by combining photoredox catalysis with other catalytic processes. Recent advances in this research area are discussed herein.

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rice with Boro II Cytoplasm Is Caused by a Cytotoxic Peptide and Is Restored by Two Related PPR Motif Genes via Distinct Modes of mRNA Silencing

Abstract: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and nucleus-controlled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction remains unclear. Here, we show in rice (Oryza sativa) with Boro II cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading frame, orf79, is cotranscribed with a duplicated atp6 (B-atp6) gene and encodes a cytotoxic peptide. Expression of orf79 in CMS lines and transgenic rice plants caused gametophytic male sterility. Immunoblot analysis showed that the ORF79 protein accumulates specifically in microspores. Two fertility restorer genes, Rf1a and Rf1b, were identified at the classical locus Rf-1 as members of a multigene cluster that encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. RF1A and RF1B are both targeted to mitochondria and can restore male fertility by blocking ORF79 production via endonucleolytic cleavage (RF1A) or degradation (RF1B) of dicistronic B-atp6/orf79 mRNA. In the presence of both restorers, RF1A was epistatic over RF1B in the mRNA processing. We have also shown that RF1A plays an additional role in promoting the editing of atp6 mRNAs, independent of its cleavage function.

On the analytic solution of magnetohydrodynamic flows of non-Newtonian fluids over a stretching sheet

Abstract: A powerful, easy-to-use analytic technique for nonlinear problems, the homotopy analysis method, is employed to give analytic solutions of magnetohydrodynamic viscous flows of non-Newtonian fluids over a stretching sheet. For the so-called second-order and third-order power-law fluids, the explicit analytic solutions are given by recursive formulas with constant coefficients. Also, for real power-law index and magnetic field parameter in a quite large range, an analytic approach is proposed. All of our analytic results agree well with numerical ones. In particular, a simple analytic formula of the dimensionless velocity gradient at the wall is found, which is accurate for all real power-law indices and magnetic field parameters. This analytic formula can give sufficiently accurate results for the skin friction on the moving sheet that it would find wide application in industries. Physically, they indicate that the magnetic field tends to increase the skin friction, and that this effect is more pronounced for shear-thinning than for shear-thickening fluids.