Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University

About: Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University is a education organization based out in Gurgaon, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Materials science. The organization has 471 authors who have published 467 publications receiving 1455 citations.

Cholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer's therapeutics (Review).

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. AD is a chronic syndrome of the central nervous system that causes a decline in cognitive function and language ability. Cholinergic deficiency is associated with AD, and various cholinesterase inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of AD, including naturally‑derived inhibitors, synthetic analogues and hybrids. Currently, the available drugs for AD are predominantly cholinesterase inhibitors. However, the efficacy of these drugs is limited as they may cause adverse side effects and are not able to completely arrest the progression of the disease. Since AD is multifactorial disease, dual and multi‑target inhibitors have been developed. The clinical applications and the limitations of the inhibitors used to treat AD are discussed in the present review. Additionally, this review presents the current status and future directions for the development of novel drugs with reduced toxicity and preserved pharmacological activity.

Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptides: Guardian of the Oral Cavity

Abstract: Gingival epithelium provides first line of defence from the microorganisms present in dental plaque It not only provides a mechanical barrier but also has an active immune function too Gingival epithelial cells participate in innate immunity by producing a range of antimicrobial peptides to protect the host against oral pathogens These epithelial antimicrobial peptides (EAPs) include the β-defensin family, cathelicidin (LL-37), calprotectin, and adrenomedullin While some are constitutively expressed in gingival epithelial cells, others are induced upon exposure to microbial insults It is likely that these EAPs have a role in determining the initiation and progression of oral diseases EAPs are broad spectrum antimicrobials with a different but overlapping range of activity Apart from antimicrobial activity, they participate in several other crucial roles in host tissues Some of these, for instance, β-defensins, are chemotactic to immune cells Others, such as calprotectin are important for wound healing and cell proliferation Adrenomedullin, a multifunctional peptide, has its biological action in a wide range of tissues Not only is it a potent vasodilator but also it has several endocrine effects Knowing in detail the various bioactions of these EAPs may provide us with useful information regarding their utility as therapeutic agents

Carbohydrate-to-hydrogen production technologies: A mini-review

Abstract: Hydrogen is a promising future with high-energy utilization efficiency and a clean energy carrier featuring lower emissions of pollutants as compared to the liquid fuels used in internal combustion engines. Hydrogen fuel production from renewable biomass carbohydrates has a better future perspective as it achieves zero CO2 emissions lifecycle and hence will reduce global warming, acid rain and improve rural economy. Herein, we present H2 production from biomass carbohydrates by using different types of catalysis such chemical catalysis, biocatalysis, and their combinations. The chemical catalysis includes aqueous phase reforming, pyrolysis, gasification, and gasification in supercritical water. The biocatalysis includes electrohydrogenesis, anaerobic fermentation, photo-fermentation, cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (cell-free SyPaB). Since, energy efficiency or hydrogen yield is the most critical economic factor for H2 production, cell-free SyPaB which can produce 12H2 / glucose equivalent appears to be a potential solution for H2 production. In addition, the pathway design of cell-free SyPaB has several advantages such as use of availability of stable enzymes and coenzymes building blocks, less expensive bioreactors, modest reaction conditions, acceptable reaction rates, metabolic load balancing, in-situ monitoring, absence of cell membrane, real-time control, and reduced toxicity effects. Along with all these advantages, cell-free SyPaB addresses few more challenges associated with costly infrastructure, distribution, storage and safety.

Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison.

Abstract: Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with country-level COVID-19 factors and personal COVID-19 exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, North Macedonia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Mental health (anxiety, depression, resilient coping, hope) and other study data were collected between June-August 2020. Of the 13,263 participants, 62.8% were female and 51.7% were 18-34 years old. Participants living in Brazil had the highest anxiety and depression symptoms while participants living in Singapore had the lowest. Greater personal COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, but country-level COVID-19 factors were not. Higher levels of hope were associated with reduced anxiety and depression; higher levels of resilient coping were associated with reduced anxiety but not depression. Substantial variations exist in anxiety and depression symptoms across countries during the COVID-19 lockdown, with personal COVID-19 exposure being a significant risk factor. Strategies that mitigate COVID-19 exposure and enhance hope and resilience may reduce anxiety and depression during global emergencies.