Showing papers by "Simón Bolívar University published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this paper, a consistent extension of the minimal geometric deformation approach is developed, which contains modifications of both the time component and the radial component of a spherically symmetric metric.
Abstract: The minimal geometric deformation approach was introduced in order to study the exterior spacetime around spherically symmetric self-gravitating systems, such as stars or similar astrophysical objects, in the Randall–Sundrum brane-world framework. A consistent extension of this approach is developed here, which contains modifications of both the time component and the radial component of a spherically symmetric metric. A modified Schwarzschild geometry is obtained as an example of its simplest application, and a new solution that is potentially useful to describe stars in the brane-world is also presented.
178 citations
TL;DR: MASK appears to be an advanced, global and integrated ICT answer for many unmet needs in allergic diseases which will improve policies and standards.
Abstract: Several unmet needs have been identified in allergic rhinitis: identification of the time of onset of the pollen season, optimal control of rhinitis and comorbidities, patient stratification, multidisciplinary team for integrated care pathways, innovation in clinical trials and, above all, patient empowerment. MASK-rhinitis (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a simple system centred around the patient which was devised to fill many of these gaps using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools and a clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on the most widely used guideline in allergic rhinitis and its asthma comorbidity (ARIA 2015 revision). It is one of the implementation systems of Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). Three tools are used for the electronic monitoring of allergic diseases: a cell phone-based daily visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of disease control, CARAT (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test) and e-Allergy screening (premedical system of early diagnosis of allergy and asthma based on online tools). These tools are combined with a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and are available in many languages. An e-CRF and an e-learning tool complete MASK. MASK is flexible and other tools can be added. It appears to be an advanced, global and integrated ICT answer for many unmet needs in allergic diseases which will improve policies and standards.
142 citations
TL;DR: The minimal geometric deformation approach is employed to show the existence of brane-world stellar distributions with a vacuum Schwarzschild exterior, thus without energy leaking from the exterior of the brane world star into the extra dimension as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The minimal geometric deformation approach is employed to show the existence of brane-world stellar distributions with a vacuum Schwarzschild exterior, thus without energy leaking from the exterior of the brane-world star into the extra dimension. The interior satisfies all the elementary criteria of physical acceptability for a stellar solution, namely, it is regular at the origin, the pressure and density are positive and decrease monotonically with increasing radius, and all energy conditions are fulfilled. A very thin solid crust with negative radial pressure separates the interior from the exterior, having a thickness inversely proportional to both the brane tension and the radius R of the star, i.e. . This brane-world star with Schwarzschild exterior would appear only thermally radiating to a distant observer and be fully compatible with the stringent constraints imposed on stellar parameters by observations of gravitational lensing, orbital evolutions or properties of accretion disks.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the principles, applications and perspectives of successive self-nucleation and Annealing (SSA), a thermal fractionation protocol designed to deconvolute Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) melting endotherms into elementary components.
128 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution of the effective four-dimensional brane-world equations, obtained from the general relativistic Schwarzschild metric via the principle of minimal geometric deformation, was considered, and the corresponding signatures stemming from the possible existence of a warped extra-dimension were investigated.
Abstract: We consider a solution of the effective four-dimensional brane-world equations, obtained from the general relativistic Schwarzschild metric via the principle of minimal geometric deformation, and investigate the corresponding signatures stemming from the possible existence of a warped extra-dimension. In particular, we derive bounds on an extra-dimensional parameter, closely related with the fundamental gravitational length, from the experimental results of the classical tests of general relativity in the Solar system.
123 citations
TL;DR: Self-nucleation (SN) as discussed by the authors is a special nucleation process triggered by self-seeds or selfnuclei that are generated in a given polymeric material by specific thermal protocols or by inducing chain orientation in the molten or partially molten state.
Abstract: Self-nucleation (SN) is a special nucleation process triggered by self-seeds or self-nuclei that are generated in a given polymeric material by specific thermal protocols or by inducing chain orientation in the molten or partially molten state. SN increases the nucleation density of polymers by several orders of magnitude, producing significant modifications to their morphology and overall crystallization kinetics. In fact, SN can be used as a tool for investigating the overall isothermal crystallization kinetics of slow-crystallizing materials by accelerating the primary nucleation stage in a previous SN step. Additionally, SN can facilitate the formation of one particular crystalline phase in polymorphic materials. The SN behavior of a given polymer is influenced by its molecular weight, molecular topology, and chemical structure, among other intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. This review paper focuses on the applications of DSC-based SN techniques to study the nucleation, crystallization, and morphology of different types of polymers, blends, copolymers, and nanocomposites.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution of the effective four-dimensional brane-world equations, obtained from the General Relativistic Schwarzschild metric via the principle of Minimal Geometric Deformation, was considered and the corresponding signatures stemming from the possible existence of a warped extra dimension.
Abstract: We consider a solution of the effective four-dimensional brane-world equations, obtained from the General Relativistic Schwarzschild metric via the principle of Minimal Geometric Deformation, and investigate the corresponding signatures stemming from the possible existence of a warped extra dimension. In particular, we derive bounds on an extra-dimensional parameter, closely related with the fundamental gravitational length, from the experimental results of the classical tests of General Relativity in the Solar system.
77 citations
TL;DR: It would, however, be necessary to consider a number of scaffolding options to improve the learning effectiveness of AR-based simulation environments when used with students who have low levels of either: 1) self-regulation skills, or 2) motivation to engage in AR- based simulation activities.
Abstract: This paper reports empirical evidence on having students use AR-SaBEr, a simulation tool based on augmented reality (AR), to discover the basic principles of electricity through a series of experiments. AR-SaBEr was enhanced with knowledge-based support and inquiry-based scaffolding mechanisms, which proved useful for discovery learning in Web-based simulation environments. Learning performance factors evaluated included students' learning behavior while interacting with the system, AR-SaBEr's learning effectiveness, and students' motivation in using the AR-based simulation environment. The study suggests that AR simulators can be exploited as effective learning environments for learning the basic principles of electricity. It would, however, be necessary to consider a number of scaffolding options to improve the learning effectiveness of AR-based simulation environments when used with students who have low levels of either: 1) self-regulation skills, or 2) motivation to engage in AR-based simulation activities.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of an external mass media on continuous opinion dynamics with heterogeneous bounds of confidence were investigated. And they found that, in the absence of mass media, diversity of confidence levels can improve the capacity of the systems to reach consensus.
Abstract: This work focuses on the effects of an external mass media on continuous opinion dynamics with heterogeneous bounds of confidence. We modified the original Deffuant et al. and Hegselmann and Krause models to incorporate both, an external mass media and a heterogeneous distribution of confidence levels. We analysed two cases, one where only two bounds of confidence are taken into account, and other where each individual of the system has her/his own characteristic level of confidence. We found that, in the absence of mass media, diversity of bounds of confidence can improve the capacity of the systems to reach consensus. We show that the persuasion capacity of the external message is optimal for intermediate levels of heterogeneity. Our simulations also show the existence, for certain parameter values, of a counter-intuitive effect in which the persuasion capacity of the mass media decreases if the mass media intensity is too large. We discuss similarities and differences between the two heterogeneous versions of these continuous opinion dynamic models under the influence of mass media.
69 citations
TL;DR: Marinas were the most contaminated areas, whilst imposex incidence and TBT levels were relatively low in areas nearby commercial harbors, indicating marinas have become the main source of fresh TBT to the region.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructural effects on the corrosion resistance of an API 5L X42 carbon steel in 0.5 M NaCl solution saturated with CO2 was investigated, and four microstructures were considered: banded (B), normalized (N), quenched and tempered (Q&T), and annealed (A).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the lithospheric structure of the Iberian Peninsula and lateral crustal density variations using a three-step approach, which includes joint geoid and elevation modeling combined with thermal analysis further constrained by seismic data.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Minimal Geometric Deformation approach to identify a master solution for the deformation undergone by the radial metric component when time deformations are produced by bulk gravitons.
Abstract: We use the extension of the Minimal Geometric Deformation approach, recently developed to investigate the exterior of a self-gravitating system in the Braneworld, to identified a master solution for the deformation undergone by the radial metric component when time deformations are produced by bulk gravitons. A specific form for the temporal deformation is used to generate a new exterior solution with a tidal charge $Q$. The main feature of this solution is the presence of higher-order terms in the tidal charge, thus generalizing the well known tidally charged solution. The horizon of the black hole lies inside the Schwarzschild radius, $h
TL;DR: In this article, a commercial chip-calorimeter Flash DSC1 was employed to compare the nucleation and overall crystallization rates between linear and cyclic poly(epsilon-caprolactones) (PCL) with similar molar masses of around 2.
17 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the concept, its evolution and extrapolation of the work context to the university academic context is performed in order to provide a better understanding and characterization of the nature of academic burnout in university students.
Abstract: In order to provide a better understanding and characterization of the nature of academic burnout in university students, a review of the concept, its evolution and extrapolation of the work context to the university academic context is performed. It is proposed its delimitation, differentiation and relationship with comorbid clinical conditions like depression and anxiety. Additionally, this paper reviews empirical research that establishes relationships of the academic burnout with the academic engagement, risk factors and protective, and its impact on mental health and academic performance of college students.
TL;DR: In this article, a consistent extension of the minimal geometric deformation approach is developed, which contains modifications of both the time component and the radial component of a spherically symmetric metric.
Abstract: The minimal geometric deformation approach was introduced in order to study the exterior space-time around spherically symmetric self-gravitating systems, like stars or similar astrophysical objects as well, in the Randall-Sundrum brane-world framework. A consistent extension of this approach is developed here, which contains modifications of both the time component and the radial component of a spherically symmetric metric. A modified Schwarzschild geometry is obtained as an example of its simplest application, and a new solution potentially useful to describe stars in the brane-world is also presented.
11 Oct 2015
TL;DR: This work tackles adaptivity for client-side query processing, and presents a network of Linked Data Eddies that is able to adjust query execution schedulers to data availability and runtime conditions.
Abstract: Client-side query processing techniques that rely on the materialization of fragments of the original RDF dataset provide a promising solution for Web query processing. However, because of unexpected data transfers, the traditional optimize-then-execute paradigm, used by existing approaches, is not always applicable in this context, i.e., performance of client-side execution plans can be negatively affected by live conditions where rate at which data arrive from sources changes. We tackle adaptivity for client-side query processing, and present a network of Linked Data Eddies that is able to adjust query execution schedulers to data availability and runtime conditions. Experimental studies suggest that the network of Linked Data Eddies outperforms static Web query schedulers in scenarios with unpredictable transfer delays and data distributions.
TL;DR: Nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp.
Abstract: Livestock trypanosomoses, caused by three species of the Trypanozoon subgenus, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum is widely distributed throughout the world and constitutes an important limitation for the production of animal protein. T. evansi and T. equiperdum are morphologically indistinguishable parasites that evolved from a common ancestor but acquired important biological differences, including host range, mode of transmission, distribution, clinical symptoms and pathogenicity. At a molecular level, T. evansi is characterized by the complete loss of the maxicircles of the kinetoplastic DNA, while T. equiperdum has retained maxicircle fragments similar to those present in T. brucei. T. evansi causes the disease known as Surra, Derrengadera or "mal de cadeiras", while T. equiperdum is the etiological agent of dourine or "mal du coit", characterized by venereal transmission and white patches in the genitalia. Nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp. isolates, from horse, donkey or capybara were genotyped and classified using microsatellite analyses and maxicircle genes. The variables from the microsatellite data and the Procyclin PE repeats matrices were combined using the Hill-Smith method and compared to a group of T. evansi, T. equiperdum and T. brucei reference strains from South America, Asia and Africa using Coinertia analysis. Four maxicircle genes (cytb, cox1, a6 and nd8) were amplified by PCRfrom TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1, the two Venezuelan isolates that grouped with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. These maxicircle sequences were analyzed by nucleotide BLAST and aligned toorthologous genes from the Trypanozoon subgenus by MUSCLE tools. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) with the MEGA5.1® software. We characterized microsatellite markers and Procyclin PE repeats of nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp. isolates with various degrees of virulence in a mouse model, and compared them to a panel of T. evansi and T. equiperdum reference strains. Coinertia analysis of the combined repeats and previously reported T. brucei brucei microsatellite genotypes revealed three distinct groups. Seven of the Venezuelan isolates grouped with globally distributed T. evansi strains, while TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1 strains clustered in a separate group with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain isolated in South Africa. A third group included T. brucei brucei, two strains previously classified as T. evansi (GX and TC) and one as T. equiperdum (BoTat-1.1). Four maxicircle genes, Cytochrome b, Cythocrome Oxidase subunit 1, ATP synthase subunit 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 8, were identified in the two Venezuelan strains clustering with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene sequences further separated these two Venezuelan T. equiperdum strains: TeAp-N/D1 grouped with T. equiperdum strain STIB818 and T. brucei brucei, and TeGu-N/D1 with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. Based on the Coinertia analysis and maxicircle gene sequence phylogeny, TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1 constitute the first confirmed T. equiperdum strains described from Latin America.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the one-and two-photon absorption and circular dichroism spectra of hexahelicene derivatives with helical chirality and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is presented.
Abstract: Herein we report on the theoretical–experimental analysis of the one- and two-photon absorption and circular dichroism spectra of two intrinsically chiral aromatic molecules – hexahelicene derivatives – with helical chirality and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The primary outcomes of our investigation demonstrate that the TPA cross-section and the amplitude of the TPCD signal of this type of helicenes are strongly affected by the strength of the ICT and the nature of the extension of the electronic delocalization, i.e. beyond (EXO-ICT) or within (ENDO-ICT) the helicene core. These results were corroborated through the comparative theoretical analysis of the corresponding contributions of the magnetic dipole transition moment and the electric quadrupole transition moment to the TPA rotatory strength on a series of five similar helicene derivatives with different molecular electron delocalization disposition. Two-photon absorption (TPA) and two-photon circular dichroism (TPCD) spectra were obtained using the double L-scan technique over a broad spectral range (400–900 nm) using 90 fs pulses at a low repetition rate (2–50 Hz) produced by an amplified femtosecond system. The theoretical simulations were performed using modern analytical response theory within the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) approach using B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP, and the aug-cc-pVDZ and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets.
TL;DR: An irrigation scheme defined by an algorithm that automates the amount of water supplied is presented, it considers the consumption of habanero pepper crop, and a fuzzy system evaluates the necessary duration of irrigation.
Abstract: Agriculture is the largest user of water worldwide by using about 70 percent of total consumption. The world food production depends on the availability of water, considering factors such as demographic and climate change, so the use of efficient irrigation is necessary to apply the correct amount of water to crops. The traditional irrigation systems generally program their scheme based on measurements made at Class A evaporimeter pan. In this paper an irrigation scheme defined by an algorithm that automates the amount of water supplied is presented, it considers the consumption of habanero pepper crop, and a fuzzy system evaluates the necessary duration of irrigation. The climatic variables considered are temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. The algorithm was programmed in a microcontroller Atmel 328p included in Arduino platform, with the addition of a ZigBee wireless system that allows for monitoring through a PC. The climatic variables were inserted into the fuzzy system by sets of trapezoidal and triangular form and a Mamdani type inference mechanism in which the knowledge of an expert is registered through the fuzzy rules. The system was applied to a habanero pepper crop at Conkal Institute of Technology in Yucatan, Mexico.
TL;DR: In this paper, a full study of stellar dynamics from the brane-world point of view in the case of constant density and of a polytropic fluid is presented, highlighting the low and high energy limit, the boundary conditions, and the appropriate behavior of Weyl contributions inside and outside of the star.
Abstract: We consider here a full study of stellar dynamics from the brane-world point of view in the case of constant density and of a polytropic fluid. We start our study cataloguing the minimal requirements to obtain a compact object with a Schwarzschild exterior, highlighting the low and high energy limit, the boundary conditions, and the appropriate behavior of Weyl contributions inside and outside of the star. Under the previous requirements we show an extensive study of stellar behavior, starting with stars of constant density and its extended cases with the presence of nonlocal contributions. Finally, we focus our attention to more realistic stars with a polytropic equation of state, especially in the case of white dwarfs, and study their static configurations numerically. One of the main results is that the inclusion of the Weyl functions from brane-world models allows the existence of more compact configurations than within general relativity.
11 Oct 2015
TL;DR: Experimental results suggest that Fedra efficiently solves SSP-FR, reducing the number of selected SPARQL endpoints as well as the size of query intermediate results.
Abstract: Federated query engines provide a unified query interface to federations of SPARQL endpoints. Replicating data fragments from different Linked Data sources facilitates data re-organization to better fit federated query processing needs of data consumers. However, existing federated query engines are not designed to support replication and replicated data can negatively impact their performance. In this paper, we formulate the source selection problem with fragment replication SSP-FR. For a given set of endpoints with replicated fragments and a SPARQL query, the problem is to select the endpoints that minimize the number of tuples to be transferred. We devise the Fedra source selection algorithm that approximates SSP-FR. We implement Fedra in the state-of-the-art federated query engines FedX and ANAPSID, and empirically evaluate their performance. Experimental results suggest that Fedra efficiently solves SSP-FR, reducing the number of selected SPARQL endpoints as well as the size of query intermediate results.
TL;DR: High genetic diversity and low clonality were found for both species, which is expected for O. faveolata but not for A. palmata, and both species showed low-to-moderate, yet significant population structure among populations along the MBRS.
Abstract: Studies of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in marine organisms are relevant to understanding populations’ variability, and therefore their ability to withstand environmental perturbations, their potential for resistance to local extinction and their natural rate of recovery. Population structure and genetic diversity were assessed at a regional spatial scale (i.e., Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, MBRS) in two major reef building coral species Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) faveolata and Acropora palmata, and at a larger spatial scale (i.e., Caribbean-wide; MBRS, Panama, Venezuela and Puerto Rico) for A. palmata only. The most significant findings were as follows: (1) high genetic diversity and low clonality were found for both species, which is expected for O. faveolata but not for A. palmata, (2) both species showed low-to-moderate, yet significant population structure among populations along the MBRS; in particular, O. faveolata and A. palmata from Ambergris (Belize) and O. faveolata from Calabash (Belize) and A. palmata from Puerto Morelos (Mexico) showed some genetic differentiation from the rest of the MBRS populations, and (3) A. palmata from MBRS, Panama, Puerto Rico and Venezuela were grouped into four subregions that could be considered as management units. A more spatially detailed sampling program and the inclusion of recruits will be necessary to get a comprehensive understanding of coral population structure and current gene flow patterns in these two species.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid power generation systems based on alternative renewable energy (ARE) systems using the net energy concept and considering technical, economical, societal as well as environmental aspects.
Abstract: In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid power generation systems based on alternative renewable energy (ARE) systems using the net energy concept and considering technical, economical, societal as well as environmental aspects. Results are presented for the design of a small-scale hybrid renewable energy system using the proposed methodology in Margarita Island, Venezuela. The proposed methodology applies the integrated analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to the selection of the best hybrid renewable energy system using the concept of net energy and is divided in two phases: a classic optimization process using levelized costs minimization and an AHP implementation for decision making problems. Under this methodology technical–economical aspects are considered as quantitative parameters, while social–environmental aspects depend largely on the criteria of the system planning engineers and future users of the system. Technical–economical aspects are considered using specialized software, used to optimize and compute the best configuration of an ARE project. Social–economical aspects are defined as a series of parameters that should be considered by the planning team, a meeting of experts or a community consensus on the project site. Several diesel price scenarios (low, intermediate and high) are considered. The results show the importance of the proposed tools for decision making problems.
TL;DR: Maslinic acid had an antioxidant effect at lower assayed levels measured as DHR and antioxidant defense, however, at higher dosages MA induced cellular damage by apoptosis as seen in the results obtained.
Abstract: Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural compound whose structure corresponds to a pentacyclic triterpene. It is abundant in the cuticular lipid layer of olives. MA has many biological and therapeutic properties related to health, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activities. However, no studies have been performed to understand the molecular mechanism induced by this compound in melanoma cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of MA in melanoma (B16F10) cells grown in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). We performed cell proliferation measurements, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) and activities of catalase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase. These changes were corroborated by expression assays. FBS absence reduced cell viability decreasing IC50 values of MA. The DHR 123 data showed an increase in the ROS level in the absence of FBS. Furthermore, MA had an antioxidant effect at lower assayed levels measured as DHR and antioxidant defense. However, at higher dosages MA induced cellular damage by apoptosis as seen in the results obtained.
01 Dec 2015
TL;DR: Fed-DSATUR scales up much better to SPARQL queries with a large number of triple patterns, and may exhibit significant improvements in performance while answer completeness remains close to 100i¾?%.
Abstract: We consider the problem of source selection and query decomposition in federations of SPARQL endpoints, where query decompositions of a SPARQL query should reduce execution time and maximize answer completeness. This problem is in general intractable, and performance and answer completeness of SPARQL queries can be considerably affected when the number of SPARQL endpoints in a federation increases. We devise a formalization of this problem as the Vertex Coloring Problem and propose an approximate algorithm named Fed-DSATUR. We rely on existing results from graph theory to characterize the family of SPARQL queries for which Fed-DSATUR can produce optimal decompositions in polynomial time on the size of the query, i.e., on the number of SPARQL triple patterns in the query. Fed-DSATUR scales up much better to SPARQL queries with a large number of triple patterns, and may exhibit significant improvements in performance while answer completeness remains close to 100i¾?%. More importantly, we put our results in perspective, and provide evidence of SPARQL queries that are hard to decompose and constitute new challenges for data management.
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthetic methodology utilizing 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was developed for the preparation of pentafluorosulfanyl-substituted heterocycles using SF 5 -substitized arylacetylenes as key building block dipolarophiles.
TL;DR: The authors compared entropy for text written in natural languages English, Spanish and artificial languages computer software based on a simple expression for the entropy as a function of message length and specific word diversity.
Abstract: We compared entropy for texts written in natural languages English, Spanish and artificial languages computer software based on a simple expression for the entropy as a function of message length and specific word diversity. Code text written in artificial languages showed higher entropy than text of similar length expressed in natural languages. Spanish texts exhibit more symbolic diversity than English ones. Results showed that algorithms based on complexity measures differentiate artificial from natural languages, and that text analysis based on complexity measures allows the unveiling of important aspects of their nature. We propose specific expressions to examine entropy related aspects of tests and estimate the values of entropy, emergence, self-organization, and complexity based on specific diversity and message length. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 25-48, 2015
11 Dec 2015
TL;DR: The importance of the knowledge of the hermeneutic process in any investigation strategy is discussed in this paper, where the authors point out the rules or canons that have been discovered by the most outstanding authors in the area, with the purpose of facilitating the process.
Abstract: RESUMEN La intencion de este articulo es exponer brevemente la importancia que tiene conocer el proceso hermeneutico que sigue nuestra mente en cualquier estrategia de investigacion. Se precisa que este proceso le es natural al ser humano en todo intento de conocer las realidades con que convive, ya sea utilizando textos orales o escritos, analizando sus conductas o estudiando los gestos de cualquier naturaleza que expresan su vida. Igualmente, se senalan las reglas o canones que han sido descubiertos por los autores mas destacados en el area con el fin de facilitar el proceso hermeneutico. En la segunda parte del articulo, se procede de igual forma, pero centrandose en todo lo que es especifico del analisis del discurso. Palabras Clave: Epistemologia, Investigacion Cualitativa, Unidad de Contexto; Niveles de Comunicacion. ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to shortly expose the importance that the knowledge of the hermeneutic process, followed by our mind in any investigation strategy, has. It affirms that this is a natural process in all human beings in their intent of knowing the realities with which they cohabit, either using oral texts or writings, analyzing their behaviors or studying the expressions of any nature that their life manifest. Equally, it points out the rules or canons that have been discovered by the most outstanding authors in the area, with the purpose of facilitating the hermeneutic process. In the second part of the article, a similar procedure is used, but this time it is centered in all that is specific of the analysis of the speech.