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Showing papers by "Sofia University published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The pre-print version of the Published Article can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 Springer Verlag as discussed by the authors, which can be viewed as a preprint of the published article.
Abstract: This is the pre-print version of the Published Article, which can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 Springer Verlag

717 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the desiccation tolerance of the photosynthetic machinery in H. rhodopensis is mainly based on mechanism(s) that lead to inactivation of photosystem II reaction centres (transformation to heat sinks), triggered already by a small RWC decrease.

506 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC.
Abstract: Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity dN(ch)/d eta vertical bar(vertical bar eta vertical bar<0.5) = 5.78 +/- 0.01(stat) +/- 0.23(stat) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from root s = 0.9 to 7 TeV is [66.1 +/- 1.0(stat) +/- 4.2(syst)]%. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545 +/- 0.005(stat) +/- 0.015(syst) GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies.

464 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
G. Amelino-Camelia, F. Archilli, D. Babusci, Davide Badoni, G. Bencivenni, Jose Bernabeu1, R. A. Bertlmann2, Diogo Boito3, Cesare Bini, C. Bloise, V. Bocci, F. Bossi, P. Branchini, Antonio Budano, S. A. Bulychjev, P. Campana, G. Capon, F. Ceradini4, P. Ciambrone, Eryk Czerwiński, Henryk Czyz5, G. D’Ambrosio, E. Dané, E. De Lucia, G. De Robertis, A. De Santis, P. De Simone, G. De Zorzi, A. Di Domenico, C. Di Donato, B. Di Micco4, B. Di Micco6, D. Domenici, S. Eidelman7, O. Erriquez8, Rafel Escribano3, Rouven Essig9, G. V. Fedotovich7, G. Felici, S. Fiore, Paolo Franzini, P. Gauzzi, Francesco Giacosa10, S. Giovannella, F. Gonnella, E. Graziani, F. Happacher, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr11, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr2, Bo Höistad12, E. Iarocci13, S. Ivashyn5, S. Ivashyn14, Marek Jacewicz, Fred Jegerlehner15, Tord Johansson12, Juliet Lee-Franzini, W. Kluge16, V. Kulikov, Andrzej Kupsc12, R. Lehnert17, F. Loddo, P.A. Lukin7, M. Martemianov, M. Martini13, M. A. Matsyuk, Nikolaos Mavromatos18, Federico Mescia19, R. Messi, S. Miscetti, G. Morello20, D. Moricciani, Paweł Moskal21, Stefan E. Müller22, F. Nguyen, E. Passemar23, E. Passemar1, M. Passera, A. Passeri, Vincenzo Patera13, Michael R. Pennington24, Joaquim Prades25, Lina Quintieri, A. Ranieri, Michael J. Reece26, P. Santangelo, Sarben Sarkar18, I. Sarra, Marco Schioppa20, Philip Schuster9, Barbara Sciascia, Adalberto Sciubba13, Michał Silarski21, C. Taccini4, Natalia Toro27, Luca Tortora, G. Venanzoni, R. Versaci6, L.-T. Wang26, W. Wislicki, M. Wolke12, Jarosław Zdebik21 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the recent theoretical development and experimental progress in kaon physics relevant for the Standard Model tests in the flavor sector, the sensitivity we can reach in probing CPT and Quantum Mechanics from time evolution of entangled-kaon states, the interest for improving on the present measurements of non-leptonic and radiative decays of kaons and eta/eta' mesons, and contribution to understand the nature of light scalar mesons.
Abstract: Investigation at a f-factory can shed light on several debated issues in particle physics. We discuss: (i) recent theoretical development and experimental progress in kaon physics relevant for the Standard Model tests in the flavor sector, (ii) the sensitivity we can reach in probing CPT and Quantum Mechanics from time evolution of entangled-kaon states, (iii) the interest for improving on the present measurements of non-leptonic and radiative decays of kaons and eta/eta' mesons, (iv) the contribution to understand the nature of light scalar mesons, and (v) the opportunity to search for narrow di-lepton resonances suggested by recent models proposing a hidden dark-matter sector. We also report on the e(+)e(-) physics in the continuum with the measurements of (multi) hadronic cross sections and the study of gamma gamma processes.

257 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, structural and luminescence properties of fluoride and oxyfluoride phosphors were described and compared with a (Sr,Ca)3(Al,Si)O4(F,O):Ce3+ yellow-green phosphor and a K2TiF6:Mn4+ red phosphor.
Abstract: LED lamps using phosphor downconversion can be designed to replace incandescent or halogen sources with a “warm-white” correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2700−3200 K and a color rendering index (CRI) greater than 90. However, these lamps have efficacies of ∼70% of standard “cool-white” LED packages (CCT = 4500−6000 K; CRI = 75−80). In this report, we describe structural and luminescence properties of fluoride and oxyfluoride phosphors, specifically a (Sr,Ca)3(Al,Si)O4(F,O):Ce3+ yellow-green phosphor and a K2TiF6:Mn4+ red phosphor, that can reduce this gap and therefore meet the spectral and efficiency requirements for high-efficacy LED lighting. LED lamps with a warm-white color temperature (3088 K), high CRI (90), and an efficacy of ∼82 lm/W are demonstrated using these phosphors. This efficacy is ∼85% of comparable cool-white lamps using typical Y3Al5O12:Ce3+-based phosphors, significantly reducing the efficacy gap between warm-white and cool-white LED lamps that use phosphor downconversion.

250 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in two types of b- cyclodextrin suspensions. But no hematite positions appear throughout that investigation.

208 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the trajectories of charged particles produced in the collisions were reconstructed using the all-silicon Tracker and their momenta were measured in the 3.8 T axial magnetic field.
Abstract: The first LHC pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 2.36 TeV were recorded by the CMS detector in December 2009. The trajectories of charged particles produced in the collisions were reconstructed using the all-silicon Tracker and their momenta were measured in the 3.8 T axial magnetic field. Results from the Tracker commissioning are presented including studies of timing, efficiency, signal-to-noise, resolution, and ionization energy. Reconstructed tracks are used to benchmark the performance in terms of track and vertex resolutions, reconstruction of decays, estimation of ionization energy loss, as well as identification of photon conversions, nuclear interactions, and heavy-flavour decays.

194 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of the energetically most favourable single oxygen vacancies in ceria nanoparticles (CeO2n) focusing on their size dependence was studied. But the results were limited to a series of structures with increasing number of CeO2 units (n = 21, 30, 40 and 80).
Abstract: We address the formation of the energetically most favourable single oxygen vacancies in ceria nanoparticles (CeO2)n focusing on their size dependence. We study a series of structures with increasing number of CeO2 units (n = 21, 30, 40 and 80) that, according to well tested interatomic-potential calculations, approach the global minima for these particle sizes. The structures thus obtained are refined by means of density functional (DF) methods, modified by the on-site Coulomb correction. Subsequent DF calculations are performed to quantify and analyse the depletion of atomic O from the nanoparticles that results in the formation of a vacancy Ovac. We show that (i) removal of a low- (two-)coordinate O atom from ceria species requires the lowest energy, in line with evidence from other metal oxides; (ii) the depletion of such O atoms from the nanoparticles is strongly facilitated compared to extended (even irregular) surfaces; (iii) increase of the particle size is accompanied by a dramatic decrease of the Ovac formation energy, implying that at certain sizes this energy should reach a minimum; (iv) the size dependence of the Ovac formation energy is driven by the electrostatics, thus enabling the prediction of the most easily removable O atoms by analysing the distribution of the electrostatic potential in the pristine stoichiometric (vacancy-free) ceria systems. Our findings provide a key to rationalize the observed spectacularly enhanced reactivity of ceria nanostructures.

179 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The formation of oxygen vacancies in nanoparticles Ce(n)O(2n) (n < or = 80), studied using density-functional calculations, is found to be greatly facilitated compared to extended surfaces, which explains the observed spectacular reactivity of nanostructured ceria.

165 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A general integral expression for the capillary force was derived and applied to obtain convenient asymptotic formulas for the force and energy of interaction between capillary multipoles of arbitrary orders, which have a wider range of validity in comparison with the previously published ones.

158 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual pulsed magnetron sputtering system was used for nanoindentation and thrust washer wear testing of nanocomposite coatings with varying silver or copper contents.
Abstract: Nanocomposite coatings including CrN/Ag, ZrN/Ag, TiN/Ag and TiN/Cu with varying silver or copper contents were produced by co-deposition in a dual pulsed magnetron sputtering system. The compositions and structures of the coatings were characterised using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the physical and tribological properties were assessed by means of nanoindentation and thrust washer wear testing. Although increasing silver or copper content provided a reduction in the coefficient of friction, this was accompanied by reductions in hardness for all the coatings and wear resistance for some of the coatings. Zones of inhibition were used to determine the extent of silver ion release from the coating surfaces, and a NBT (nitro-blue tetrazolium) redox dye was used to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the coatings following incubation. The microorganisms tested were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For the NBT assays, significant reductions in the number of viable cells were observed with increasing Ag or Cu content, compared to the ‘pure’ nitride surfaces. Whilst no zones of inhibition were observed for S. aureus, on any of the surfaces, the diameter of the ‘kill’ zones generally increased with increasing silver content for P. aeruginosa.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of a study at the University of Wales, Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK and the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA.
Abstract: 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy 2 Department of Physics, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK 3 Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA 4 Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Energias (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain 5 Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria 6 Department of Physics, Sofia University, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria 7 Department of Physics, and IRMACS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the number of experimentally observed Raman modes exceeds the expected number for a normal spinelstructure and the polarization properties of most of the Raman lines provide evidence for a micro-scopic symmetry lower than that given by the Fd¯3m space group.
Abstract: . The numberof experimentally observed Raman modes exceeds significantly that expected for a normal spinelstructure and the polarization properties of most of the Raman lines provide evidence for a micro-scopic symmetry lower than that given by the Fd¯3m space group. We argue that the experimentalresults can be explained by considering the short range 1:1 ordering of Ni

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An approach to the diagnosis of these disorders is suggested and an update on new therapies is provided to help reduce the burden of this complication.
Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIN) is a common toxicity of anticancer treatment and its incidence is growing. It significantly affects quality of life and is a dose-limiting factor that interferes with treatment. Its diagnosis can be established in clinical terms but some complementary tests can help when the diagnosis is difficult. There is still no proven method to prevent it that has become a standard of care in spite of the huge amount of investigation carried out in recent years. There are promising strategies that could help reduce the burden of this complication. This review will suggest an approach to the diagnosis of these disorders and provide an update on new therapies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of the current Letter is to give some relations between gravitational lensing in the strong-deflection limit and the frequencies of the quasinormal modes of spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes.
Abstract: The purpose of the current Letter is to give some relations between gravitational lensing in the strong-deflection limit and the frequencies of the quasinormal modes of spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes. On the one side, the relations obtained can give a physical interpretation of the strong-deflection limit parameters. On the other side, they also give an alternative method for the measurement of the frequencies of the quasinormal modes of spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes. They could be applied to the localization of the sources of gravitational waves and could tell us what frequencies of the gravitational waves we could expect from a black hole acting simultaneously as a gravitational lens and a source of gravitational waves.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a search for narrow resonances in the dijet mass spectrum is performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 inverse pb collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC.
Abstract: A search for narrow resonances in the dijet mass spectrum is performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 inverse pb collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level (CL) are presented on the product of the resonance cross section, branching fraction into dijets, and acceptance, separately for decays into quark-quark, quark-gluon, or gluon-gluon pairs. The data exclude new particles predicted in the following models at the 95% CL: string resonances, with mass less than 2.50 TeV, excited quarks, with mass less than 1.58 TeV, and axigluons, colorons, and E_6 diquarks, in specific mass intervals. This extends previously published limits on these models.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the heterotic supersymmetry and the anomaly cancellation imply that the tangent bundle of a manifold has a unique SU (3 ) instanton.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aspergillus niger, strain B 77, was immobilized by inclusion in two different polymers: polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA) and Ca- alginate as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results obtained suggest that the immobilized biosorbent holds great potential for wastewater treatment applications and was evaluated by equilibrium and kinetic studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The multiple actions of NO in the tumor environment is related to heterogeneous cell responses with particular attention in the regulation of the stress response mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and p53 generally leading to growth arrest, apoptosis or adaptation.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a lipophilic, highly diffusible and short-lived physiological messenger which regulates a variety of important physiological responses including vasodilation, respiration, cell migration, immune response and apoptosis. NO is synthesized by three differentially gene-encoded NO synthase (NOS) in mammals: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS-1), inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS-2) and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS-3). All isoforms of NOS catalyze the reaction of L-arginine, NADPH and oxygen to NO, L-citrulline and NADP. NO may exert its cellular action by cGMP-dependent as well as by cGMP-independent pathways including postranslational modifications in cysteine (S-nitrosylation or S-nitrosation) and tyrosine (nitration) residues, mixed disulfide formation (S-nitrosoglutathione or GSNO) or promoting further oxidation protein stages which have been related to altered protein function and gene transcription, genotoxic lesions, alteration of cell-cycle check points, apoptosis and DNA repair. NO sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutic compounds. The expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 has been found to be increased in a variety of human cancers. The multiple actions of NO in the tumor environment is related to heterogeneous cell responses with particular attention in the regulation of the stress response mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and p53 generally leading to growth arrest, apoptosis or adaptation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of high-level trigger, identification, and reconstruction algorithms for a broad range of muon momenta was evaluated using a large data sample of cosmic-ray muons recorded in 2008.
Abstract: The performance of muon reconstruction in CMS is evaluated using a large data sample of cosmic-ray muons recorded in 2008. Efficiencies of various high-level trigger, identification, and reconstruction algorithms have been measured for a broad range of muon momenta, and were found to be in good agreement with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. The relative momentum resolution for muons crossing the barrel part of the detector is better than 1% at 10 GeV/c and is about 8% at 500 GeV/c, the latter being only a factor of two worse than expected with ideal alignment conditions. Muon charge misassignment ranges from less than 0.01% at 10 GeV/c to about 1% at 500 GeV/c.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the physical properties, linear and nonlin- ear optical characteristics, and phase-matching configurations of BiB3O6 (BIBO), the first low-symmetry (monoclinic) inor- ganic nonlinear crystal that has found broad applications for frequency conversion of laser sources from the UV, across the visible, to the near-IR based on three-wave interactions.
Abstract: We review the physical properties, linear and nonlin- ear optical characteristics, and phase-matching configurations of BiB3O6 (BIBO), the first low-symmetry (monoclinic) inor- ganic nonlinear crystal that has found broad applications for frequency conversion of laser sources from the UV, across the visible, to the near-IR based on three-wave interactions. We describe in detail the most relevant optical properties that make this material an attractive candidate for nonlinear frequency con- version of laser light in general, and ultrafast femtosecond laser sources in particular. With special focus on ultrafast frequency conversion, characteristics such as group-velocity mismatch and spectral acceptance, parametric gain bandwidth, group-velocity dispersion, as well as angular acceptance and spatial walk-off are evaluated and optimum configurations for the attainment of maximum conversion efficiency, minimum pulse duration, and highest spatial beam quality are identified and compared with the most widely established alternative borate crystal, β-BaB2O4. Experimental results are presented on both parametric up- and down-conversion of femtosecond pulses, from the high-energy, low-repetition-rate (1 kHz) to the low-energy, high-repetition- rate (56-76 MHz) regime, demonstrating the unique versatility of BIBO for efficient frequency conversion of femtosecond pulses with broad tunability from 250 nm in the UV, throughout the visible, up to ∼ 3000 nm in the IR. Photograph of a femtosecond synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) based on BiB3O6 emitting in the yellow region of the spectrum. Pumped near 400 nm in the blue by the second harmonic of a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser, the SPOPO can generate femtosecond pulses across the full visible range of 480-710 nm, from the blue-green, through to yellow, orange and red.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jacqueline Batley1, G. Kalmus1, Cristina Lazzeroni2, Cristina Lazzeroni1, D. J. Munday1, M. Slater1, M. Slater2, S. A. Wotton1, Roberta Arcidiacono3, G. Bocquet3, Nicola Cabibbo4, Nicola Cabibbo3, A. Ceccucci3, D.C. Cundy3, V. Falaleev3, M. Fidecaro3, Lau Gatignon3, A. Gonidec3, W. Kubischta3, A. Norton3, A. A. Maier3, Maulik R. Patel3, Maulik R. Patel5, A. Peters3, S. Balev3, S. Balev6, P. L. Frabetti6, Evgueni Goudzovski2, Evgueni Goudzovski6, Peter Zahariev Hristov6, Peter Zahariev Hristov3, Vladimir Kekelidze6, V. Kozhuharov7, V. Kozhuharov6, Leander Litov6, Leander Litov7, D. T. Madigozhin6, E. Marinova6, N. A. Molokanova6, I. Polenkevich6, Yu. Potrebenikov6, Stoyan Stoynev6, Stoyan Stoynev8, A. I. Zinchenko6, E. Monnier9, E. Monnier10, E. C. Swallow10, Roland Winston10, P. Rubin11, P. Rubin12, Alan W. Walker12, W. Baldini, A. Cotta Ramusino, P. F. Dalpiaz, C. Damiani, Massimiliano Fiorini3, A. Gianoli, M. Martini, Fabrizio Petrucci, M. Savrie, M. Scarpa, H. D. Wahl, Andrea Bizzeti, M. Lenti, M. Veltri13, Milene Calvetti, Enrico Celeghini, E. Iacopini, G. Ruggiero, M. Behler14, K. Eppard14, Konrad Kleinknecht14, P. Marouelli14, L. Masetti14, U. Moosbrugger14, C. Morales Morales14, B. Renk14, M. Wache14, Rainer Wanke14, A. Winhart14, D. Coward15, D. Coward8, Anne Dabrowski8, Anne Dabrowski3, T. Fonseca Martin8, M. Shieh8, M. Szleper8, Mayda Velasco8, M. D. Wood16, M. D. Wood8, P. Cenci, M. Pepe, M. C. Petrucci, G. Anzivino, E. Imbergamo, A. Nappi, Mauro Piccini, Mauro Raggi, M. Valdata-Nappi, C. Cerri, R. Fantechi, G. Collazuol, L. DiLella, G. Lamanna3, I. Mannelli, A. Michetti, F. Costantini, N. Doble, Luca Fiorini, S. Giudici, G.M. Pierazzini, M. Sozzi, S. Venditti, B. Bloch-Devaux17, B. Bloch-Devaux18, C. Cheshkov19, C. Cheshkov17, J.B. Cheze17, M. De Beer17, J. Derre17, G. Marel17, E. Mazzucato17, B. Peyaud17, B. Vallage17, M. Holder20, Michael Ziolkowski20, Cristina Biino, Nicolo Cartiglia, F. Marchetto, Simone Bifani21, Marco Clemencic3, S. Goy Lopez, H. Dibon, Manfred Jeitler, M. Markytan, Ivan Mikulec, G. Neuhofer, L. Widhalm 
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase difference between the S- and P-wave states of the ππ system is accurately measured and allows a precise determination of the I = 0 and I = 2 S-wave scattering lengths.
Abstract: We report results from the analysis of the \(\mbox {$\mathrm {K}^{\pm}$}\rightarrow \pi^{+} \pi^{-} \mathrm{e}^{\pm} u\) (\(\mbox {$\mathrm {K}_{\mathrm {e}4}$}\)) decay by the NA48/2 collaboration at the CERN SPS, based on the total statistics of 1.13 million decays collected in 2003–2004. The hadronic form factors in the S- and P-wave and their variation with energy are obtained. The phase difference between the S- and P-wave states of the ππ system is accurately measured and allows a precise determination of \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{0}$}\) and \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{2}$}\), the I = 0 and I = 2 S-wave ππ scattering lengths: \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{0}$}= 0.2220 \pm 0.0128 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{stat}}$}\pm 0.0050 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{syst}}$}\pm 0.0037\mbox {$\mathrm {_{th}}$},\mbox {$a_{0}^{2}$}= -0.0432 \pm 0.0086 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{stat}}$}\pm 0.0034 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{syst}}$}\pm 0.0028\mbox {$\mathrm {_{th}}$}\). Combination of this result with the other NA48/2 measurement obtained in the study of \(\mbox {$\mbox {$\mathrm {K}^{\pm}$}\rightarrow \mbox {$\pi ^{0}$}\mbox {$\pi ^{0}$}\mbox {$\scriptstyle \pi ^{\pm }$}$}\) decays brings an improved determination of \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{0}$}\) and the first precise experimental measurement of \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{2}$}\), providing a stringent test of Chiral Perturbation Theory predictions and lattice QCD calculations. Using constraints based on analyticity and chiral symmetry, even more precise values are obtained: \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{0}$}=0.2196 \pm 0.0028\mbox {$\mathrm {_{stat}}$}\pm 0.0020 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{syst}}$}\) and \(\mbox {$a_{0}^{2}$}= -0.0444 \pm 0.0007 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{stat}}$}\pm 0.0005 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{syst}}$}\pm 0.0008 \mbox {$\mathrm {_{ChPT}}$}\).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Urological Trauma guidelines have been based on a review of the literature identified using on-line searches of MEDLINE and other source documents published before 2009 and provide support to the practicing urologist since urethral injuries carry substantial morbidity.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a conceptual framework for understanding gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions and identify factors that may account for the gender gap in entrepreneurial intention in a sample of Bulgarian university students.
Abstract: Despite the increasing interest in researching female entrepreneurship, little is known about gender differences in pre-venture process and the variables that mediate the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial intentions. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions. Using this framework, we explore gender effects on entrepreneurial intentions and identify factors that may account for the gender gap in entrepreneurial intentions in a sample of Bulgarian university students. Our results show that women have lower entrepreneurial intentions than men. The gender effect on entrepreneurial intentions is fully mediated by perceived behavioral control and partially mediated by perceived subjective norms and attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Policy measures designed to encourage female start-ups should be directed at attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and the link between entrepreneurial intentions and behavior among women.

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TL;DR: In this article, the operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described and the stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of light monitoring system is presented.
Abstract: The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75 848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified description of all classes of exact solutions to these equations in terms of confluent Heun functions is presented and large classes of new exact solutions are found and classified with respect to their characteristic properties.
Abstract: The Teukolsky master equation is the basic tool for the study of perturbations of the Kerr metric in linear approximation. It admits separation of variables, thus yielding the Teukolsky radial equation and the Teukolsky angular equation. We present here a unified description of all classes of exact solutions to these equations in terms of the confluent Heun functions. Large classes of new exact solutions are found and classified with respect to their characteristic properties. Special attention is paid to the polynomial solutions which are singular ones and introduce collimated one-way running waves. It is shown that a proper linear combination of such solutions can present bounded one-way running waves. This type of waves may be suitable as models of the observed astrophysical jets.

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TL;DR: The histopathologic definition of parenchymal epithelial renal tumors is fundamental to plan the management and follow-up of patients with locally confined, locally advanced, and metastatic RCC.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, noise rejection algorithms are applied to LHC collision data at the trigger level or in the offline analysis to remove 90% of noise events with fake missing transverse energy above 100 GeV, which is sufficient for the physics trigger operation.
Abstract: Commissioning studies of the CMS hadron calorimeter have identified sporadic uncharacteristic noise and a small number of malfunctioning calorimeter channels. Algorithms have been developed to identify and address these problems in the data. The methods have been tested on cosmic ray muon data, calorimeter noise data, and single beam data collected with CMS in 2008. The noise rejection algorithms can be applied to LHC collision data at the trigger level or in the offline analysis. The application of the algorithms at the trigger level is shown to remove 90% of noise events with fake missing transverse energy above 100 GeV, which is sufficient for the CMS physics trigger operation.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the Pre-print version of the article can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOP, and the official published version can be found in the link above.
Abstract: This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the Paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOP