Showing papers by "Sony Broadcast & Professional Research Laboratories published in 1975"

Plural receiving and recording television system

Abstract: A combination of a television receiver and a television signal recording and/or reproducing apparatus, such as a so-called video tape recorder, forming a television system for receiving, recording and/or reproducing television signals and displaying images thereof, wherein the television receiver portion contains two separate signal selecting and receiving circuitries each including a separately tunable tuner, an intermediate frequency stage and a detector stage, and specific television signals received by the respective circuitries are selectively applied by selecting switches in the television receiver portion to the display stage of the portion of the television receiver for display of images or to the portion of the signal recording and/or reproducing apparatus for recording

Solid state camera

Abstract: A solid state color camera such as one-chip type CCD (charge coupled device) color camera having a color filter employed in association with the CCD chip and arranged so that an output signal derived from every other sequential line of scan includes only color component signals of the object being sensed.

Motor and method for making same

Abstract: In a method for making a motor, wherein a plurality of lamellar ring plates each having plural teeth extending outwardly from its inner ring portion are laminated, coils are wound on every tooth, and then inserted in a ring which are also made of a plurality of laminated lameller ring plates so as to cover all openings between teeth and thereby a stator is formed. After that, the stator is molded with resin comprising mainly the mixture of thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin. And then, a rotor is inserted into the stator after cutting off the inner ring portions of the stator to form the motor.

Magnetic field sensing apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for producing an output signal upon sensing the proximity of a source of magnetic field. The apparatus includes a magnetoresistive element which is comprised of an insulating substrate upon which first and second ferromagnetic strips are provided. The ferromagnetic strips define first and second main current conducting paths which are respectively perpendicular to each other. The strips are connected in series to define a junction therebetween from which an output signal is derived. Current supply terminals are provided for furnishing an energizing current to the magnetoresistive element. Impedances are connected in parallel with the series-connected strips to thereby form a bridge circuit with the ferromagnetic strips, the junction between the strips serving as a bridge output terminal. A generator magnet has a surface disposed in a plane spaced from the magnetoresistive element and produces a magnetic field which is sensed by the element. An output signal is produced from the junction in the element as a function of the relative positions of leading and trailing edges of the generator magnet with respect to a leading edge of the magnetoresistive element.

Method and apparatus for producing a composite still picture of a moving object in successive positions

Abstract: A storage-type image pick-up tube having a shutter associated therewith and a memory device are synchronously operated to produce a composite video signal which, when repeatedly applied to a video monitor or other image display device, provides a composite still picture of a moving object in an initial position and changes from such position at intervals over a period of time The synchronous operations comprise a first step of opening the shutter while operating the pick-up tube to pick-up an image of the object in its initial position and to produce a corresponding first video signal which is simultaneously stored in the memory device, a second step of closing the shutter while reading-out any signal previously stored in the memory device and storing the read-out signal in the pick-up tube, a third step of opening the shutter while operating the pick-up tube to pick-up an image of the object in a subsequent position and to produce a corresponding signal from which the signal then stored in the pick-up tube is subtracted for providing a resultant signal which is stored in the memory device in superposed relation to the signal previously stored in the memory device, and repeating the second and third steps cyclically at intervals for the duration of the prescribed period of time

Apparatus for detecting the direction of a magnetic field to sense the position of, for example, a rotary element or the like

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the direction of a magnetic field includes a magnetoresistive device comprising an insulating substrate, first and second ferromagnetic metal film strips on the substrate for providing first and second main current conducting paths respectively perpendicular to each other, the ends of the strips being connected together to form an output terminal and having current input terminals connected to the opposed ends of the strips. A stationary bias magnet is disposed adjacent the magnetoresistive device for supplying a bias flux at a predetermined angle relative to a main current conducting path. In one application of this apparatus, the magnetic field is supplied from, for example, a magnet, such as a rotary magnet, thereby to apply, with the bias flux, a composite flux to the magnetoresistive device. An output signal is derived from the output terminal that is a function of the direction in which the magnetic field is supplied.

Wafer transfer device

Abstract: A device to facilitate electrical measurement, including step-and-repeat measurement of minute circuits on a semiconductor wafer by placing the wafer in a specific, angular and cartesian coordinate position with respect to a certain orientation of a disc-like pallet of somewhat larger diameter than the wafer. The apparatus includes a stack of available pallets, each having an indexing portion, arms to engage the pallet in turn and to interfit with the indexing portion, a translational motion device to move the arms and pallet to another specific location to receive the wafer, a controllable section device to hold the wafer and to rotate it about a vertical axis, and a further controlled guide device to move the arms and wafer in specific X and Y directions to a predetermined orientation. The device includes a connection between each pallet and an evacuating apparatus to affix the wafer to the pallet by suction when the wafer is released from the suction device on the orienting structure. The apparatus further includes a receiving structure to receive pallets with wafers affixed thereto. In addition, the pallets and wafers are subsequently moved from a stack of untested wafers to testing apparatus that includes probes arranged to engage specific minute areas on the wafers. One of the probes includes electrical contact means to be energized by engagement with the surface of the wafer and to control additional movement of the probes toward the surface to a specific amount to exert a predetermined pressure by the probes on the wafer. After testing, the pallets with tested wafers are moved to a location set aside therefore.

Head drum assembly with electrical noise shield

Abstract: In a head drum assembly for a video tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus provided with stationary and rotary drum members for guiding a magnetic tape at their peripheries while video signals are recorded on, or reproduced from the tape by means of a magnetic head or heads carried by the rotary drum member and extending into a gap defined between the peripheral surfaces of the drum members; the rotary drum member, and hence the head or heads carried thereby, is driven by a D.C. motor disposed coaxially in respect to the drum members and having its shaft directly coupled to the rotary drum member, the signals being recorded or reproduced are transmitted by a signal transformer including nested annular stationary and rotary cores fixed to, and coaxial with the stationary and rotary drum members, respectively, and carrying confronting stationary and rotary windings which are respectively connected to signal leads extending from the stationary drum member and to the head or heads, and such signal transformer is shielded in respect to electrostatic and electromagnetic noise generated by the adjacent D.C. motor. The shielding for the signal transformer desirably includes a conductive metallic shield, for example, of a material of high magnetic permeability with a conductive metal layer or coating thereon, or of a conductive metal paint, which extends about at least the outer surface of the stationary core within which the rotary core is nested. Further, a conductive metallic shield is preferably provided on a wall of the stationary drum member which extends radially between the signal transformer and the D.C. motor and also about the latter.

Multi-layer semiconductor photovoltaic device

Abstract: A semiconductor photovoltaic device is comprised of 2n layers of alternating p-type and n-type material having respective PN junctions between adjacent layers, wherein n is an integer greater than 1 Each layer has a thickness which is less than the diffusion length of a minority carrier therein The PN junctions are excited by light which is incident on the device to thereby cause majority carriers to be accumulated in the respective layers so as to forward bias all of the PN junctions As a result of this forward biasing, minority carriers are injected across a first PN junction fr0m one layer into an adjacent layer and then traverse the next PN junction into the next succeeding layer The photovoltaic device thus is adapted to supply a voltage and a current to a load

A flat-panel TV display system in monochrome and color

Abstract: We have developed two compact flat TV sets and a full-color prototype model, using thin matrix dc gas-discharge panels of novel structure. The display panel is ¼ in thick, has a 7-in diagonal picture size, and contains 60 000 elements. The monochrome version has a peak luminance of 25 fL, a contrast ratio of 40:1, and 32 digitized gray levels, while the full-color set has a luminance of 5 fL, a 20:1 contrast ratio, and 48 levels. Luminance control is performed by varying the magnitude as well as the duration of the display current. All signals are digitized and all circuits consist of TTL IC's, with the exception of the drive transistors. We have constructed two types of experimental monochrome model sets: one for desk-top use packaged in a 300 × 350 × 80 mm housing which includes tuner, A/D converter, and all TV circuits with the exception of a power supply, the other for wall hanging. A full-color flat display panel has also been developed using a similar panel structure and circuitry.

Pulse width modulated signal amplifier

Abstract: A pulse width modulated signal amplifier system includes a signal input circuit, an amplifier for receiving an input signal from the signal input circuit, a pulse width modulator for receiving an output signal from the amplifier and producing a pulse width modulated signal, and a phase splitter for receiving the pulse width modulated signal and producing a pair of corresponding pulse width modulated signals having different polarities to each other. The system further includes a first demodulator for receiving one of the pair of pulse width modulated signals and demodulating a first output signal having one polarity and an amplitude in response to the input signal, a second demodulator for receiving the other of the pair of pulse width modulated signals and producing a second output signal having the other polarity and an amplitude in response to the input signal, a load supplied with the first and second output signals, an amplitude comparator for comparing the first and second output signals and producing a control signal in response to the comparison result, and a feedback circuit for receiving the control signal and applying it to the amplifier so as to balance the first and second output signal amplitudes.

Magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus

Abstract: MAGNETIC RECORDING AND/OR REPRODUCING APPARATUS ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In recording periodic information signals, such as, the chrominance signal components of color video signals, having first or field intervals which are further subdivided into second or line intervals and which are recorded in successive parallel tracks on a record medium, interference or cross-talk between signals recorded in adjacent tracks is reduced or eliminated during reproduction by recording the information signals in adjacent tracks with first and second carriers having different frequencies Upon reproducing the information signals recorded in adjacent tracks with such first and second carriers, the reproduced signals are reconverted to have a common carrier frequency by means of respective first and second reconverting signals which similarly have different frequencies selected so that, although an information signal reproduced from a particular track and reconverted to the common carrier frequency will pass through a comb filter, the cross-talk signals reproduced simultaneously from adjacent tracks will be reconverted to have carrier frequencies at nodes of the comb filter so as to be eliminated by the latter The circuits by which the first and second carriers and the first and second reconverting signals are produced during recording and reproducing operations, respectively, each include a phase-locked loop having a voltage-controlled variable frequency oscillator whose output frequency is suitably changed in successive field intervals, and preferably in which the center frequency of the voltage-controlled variable frequency oscilator is also changed in the successive field intervals for obtaining rapid stabilization of the respective output frequency ?

Semiconductor device having an antireflective coating

Abstract: A polycrystalline silicon layer provides an antireflective coating on a semiconductor surface of a photo-sensitive detector, the polycrystalline silicon layer containing from 25 to 45 atomic percent of oxygen and having a refractive index intermediate that of the semiconductor crystal and the exterior environment.

Time base corrector

Abstract: Time base errors, such as are introduced in video or other information signals by the recording and/or reproducing thereof, are removed by writing successive line or other intervals of the video signals in a memory at a clocking rate which varies generally in accordance with the time base errors, and by reading out the video signals from the memory at a standard clocking rate. The memory is composed of at least three registers having repeating cyclic orders or sequences of writing and reading, respectively, and the video signals being read out of each register are recycled or rewritten in the same register. The reading and writing operations are controlled so that the occurrence of excessive time base errors causes the writing or reading period of a register to be extended, for example, from a normal one line interval to two line intervals, so as to either omit or repeat, respectively, a line interval of the video signals in the output from the time base corrector. Further, in response to a detected drop out in the incoming video signals, the writing period of a register is extended so as to omit or delete the line interval containing the drop out from the temporarily stored video signals and, during reading out of the stored signals, the line interval preceding the deleted line interval is read twice to replace the omitted line interval.

Thin film resistor

Abstract: A thin film resistor is formed of polycrystalline silicon which contains 2 to 45 atomic percent of oxygen and wherein the resistivity of the polycrystalline silicon film varies as a function of the amount of oxygen contained in the film and wherein the resistivity is substantially higher than polycrystalline silicon not containing oxygen.

Tape sensing device for magnetic tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus

Abstract: A device for sensing the type of magnetic coating on a magnetic tape while the latter is at rest, for example, in a magnetic tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus, has a DC magnetic recording head energizable by a predetermined DC voltage for applying a DC magnetic flux to the tape with which such head is engaged, a magnetic sensing element preferably coupled with the DC magnetic recording head for sensing the remanence or residual magnetism in the tape while the latter remains at rest following the application of the DC magnetic flux to the tape, and a level detector for detecting the level of the sensed remanence of the tape as an indication of the type of magnetic coating thereon. Such level detector may be advantageously employed for controlling a frequency equalizing circuit and/or a bias oscillator included in the signal recording circuit of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus so as to automatically adapt the latter for recording operations on the particular type of tape installed therein.

Method of making an ordered alloy

Abstract: A method of making a substantially ordered alloy which involves providing a metal base consisting of at least one of the ingredients of the desired alloy, depositing a thin metal layer on the base, the metal layer containing the remaining constituents of the desired alloy, and heating the metal base and the deposited metal layer at a temperature below the order-disorder transformation temperature of the ordered alloy to be formed to thereby cause the ordered alloy to be produced by diffusion.

Surface acoustic wave filter

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter having a piezo-electric substrate with a major surface and input and output transducers, each haing a plurality of finger electrodes formed on the major surface to define a propagation path for surface acoustic waves. Finger electrodes of one of the transducers have a step-like configuration to divide the surface wave propagation path into a plurality of surface wave propagation channels. The phase differences of the channels and the length of the steps of the finger electrodes are selected to minimize the multiple reflection echo between the input and output transducers to reduce ripples in the pass band.

Magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus

Abstract: In recording periodic information signals, such as, the chrominance signal components of video signals, having first or field intervals and second or line intervals which are recorded in respective areas or increments of successive parallel tracks on a record medium with the ends of the margins between the areas in which the second or line intervals are recorded in each of the tracks being aligned in the direction transverse to the lengths of the tracks, with the adjacent ends of such margins in the next adjacent tracks; interference or cross-talk between signals recorded in adjacent tracks is reduced or eliminated during reproduction by recording the information signals with different first and second carriers in the adjacent tracks, respectively. Such first and second carriers for signals recorded in adjacent tracks may be distinguished from each other by their respective frequency and/or polarity characteristics so that, upon reproduction of the signals recorded in a particular track, the cross-talk signals from adjacent tracks can be conveniently suppressed or eliminated, for example, with the aid of a simple comb filter, by reason of the different frequency and/or polarity characteristics of the carriers with which the signals are recorded in that particular track and in the next adjacent tracks, respectively.

Flat panel display apparatus

Abstract: A flat panel display apparatus is disclosed which includes first and second insulating plates at least one of which is transparent, a first plurality of parallel electrodes mounted on one surface of the first plate, a second plurality of parallel electrodes mounted on one surface of the second plate to intersect at a predetermined angle to the first electrodes, the first electrodes being spaced with and opposed to the second electrodes to define a cross conductor matrix for locating glowing regions, and a plurality of parallel insulating barriers mounted on at least one surface of the first plate so as to extend in parallel with the first electrodes and project toward the second plate, the barriers having the same pattern, pitch and width as that of the first electrodes, and each of the barriers overlapping the respective one side edge portion of one of the first electrodes, and the first and second plates being joined together with their outer edges sealed and gas capable of glowing mounted between the plates.

Signal reproducing systems employing a semiconductive light source

Abstract: A signal reproducing system using light for reproducing video or other information signals recorded on a recording medium, such as a rotatable disc, employs a semiconductor diode laser for directing the light to the recording medium which has reflective portions and nonreflective portions representing the recorded signals. A cleavage face of the semiconductor diode has an antireflecting coating through which the light is directed toward the recording medium so that the semiconductor diode laser emits laser light only when the semiconductor diode laser receives the reflection from the reflective portions of the recording medium, and a transducer receives the laser light emitted from another cleavage face of the semiconductor diode laser to reproduce the recorded signals in response to the emitted laser light.

Magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus with chrominance crosstalk elimination

Abstract: A plurality of transducers are rotated or otherwise moved in respect to a record medium so as to be successively operatively positioned relative to the latter in a repeating cyclic order for recording and/or reproducing video signals in successive parallel tracks on the record medium. Interference or cross-talk between signals recorded in adjacent tracks is reduced or eliminated during reproduction by recording the chrominance signal components of the video signals with different first and second carriers in the adjacent tracks, respectively. Pulse signals are produced upon the operative positioning of each of the transducers, and the first and second carriers are selected for recording of the chrominance signal components in the tracks which are next adjacent each other in response to every other one of the pulse signals. Further, vertical synchronizing signals are separated from the signals being recorded and control signals are derived therefrom for recording on the record medium at every other track, with the movement of the transducers being controlled in response to comparison of such control signals with every other one of the pulse signals. On reproducing, the movement of the transducers is controlled in response to comparison of the reproduced control signals with every other one of the pulse signals, and the chrominance signal components separated from the video signals reproduced from adjacent tracks are restored to a common carrier under the control of the pulse signals and of horizontal synchronizing signals separated from the reproduced video signals.

Field effect transistor amplifier

Abstract: A field effect transistor amplifier has a signal input circuit which preferably includes an A-class amplifier, a driving stage having first and second FETs driven in the same phase relation by an input signal applied to their gate electrodes from the signal input circuit, a first voltage source connected to the source electrodes of the first and second FETs, a resistor connected between the drain electrodes of the first and second FETs, an output stage having third and fourth FETs with the gate electrodes of the latter being connected to opposite ends of the resistor so that the voltage across the latter is applied as the DC bias voltage for the FETs of the output stage, a second voltage source connected to the drain electrodes of the third and fourth FETs, and an output terminal connected to the source electrodes of the third and fourth electrodes which are connected to each other. At least the FETs of the output stage are triode characteristic FETs and, if the gain of the A-class amplifier in the signal input circuit is insufficient, the FETs of the driving stage are also triode characteristic FETs.

Solid state camera having plural image sensors

Abstract: Two charge coupled devices (which will be hereinafter referred to as CCD chips) are employed in a solid state camera system wherein color filters, each consisting of horizontally extended color stripe filter elements, are disposed in front of the respective CCD chips. Object images are projected onto the respective CCD chips through the color filters such that the object image on one CCD chip is shifted by τ H/2 (where τ H is the alignment pitch of picture elements in the direction of horizontal scanning) relative to the object image on the other CCD chip. To read image information from the CCD chips, the read-out timing as between the two chips is different by τ H/2 to compensating for the image displacement of the chips.

Transistor having an emitter with a low impurity concentration portion and a high impurity concentration portion

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a high current amplification gain which includes a low impurity concentration in the emitter region of the device, an injected minority carrier diffusion length L greater than the width of the emitter, and a high impurity concentration region of the same type as the emitter overlying at least a portion of said emitter region which provides a built-in-field where there is a drift current of minority carriers back toward the base region. The built-in field is larger than kT(qL) so that the drift current adjacent the built-in-field substantially cancels the minority carrier diffusion current injected from the base region.

Magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus for videotape editing

Abstract: In a video signal recording and reproducing apparatus having one or more rotary heads for recording or reproducing video signals in tracks extending obliquely across a magnetic tape as the latter is transported or driven about a guide drum and a fixed head for recording or reproducing control signals at spaced locations along the tape corresponding to the tracks, the tape is automatically brought to rest with its last recorded or reproduced track at a predetermined position relative to the path of the rotary heads whenever driving of the tape is halted, as for the still reproduction of a television picture or for the editing of the video signals recorded on the tape.

D.C. power supply circuit

Abstract: A power supply protective circuit that responds to transient overloads, permanent overloads and excessive overloads to protect the power supply and the related switching transistor from damage. The circuit utilizes an astable multi-vibrator which is designed to be pulse modulated by transient overloads. In addition, the multi-vibrator is designed to be turned-off by permanent overloads and by an excessive overload condition. By this arrangement, the multi-vibrator remains in operation for normal transient overloads and does not require resetting manually when such an overload condition occurs.

Junction gated field effect transistor

Abstract: A junction gated field effect transistor having a substrate providing a drain region of low impurity concentration, a mosaic shaped gate region of high impurity concentration formed on the drain region, a corresponding mosaic shaped insulating layer overlying said mosaic shaped gate region but having windows therein smaller than the windows of the gate region, the windows of the insulating layer being aligned with the windows of the gate region, a gate electrode connected to said mosaic shaped gate region, a plurality of source regions of high impurity concentration formed on the substrate in the openings of the mesh forming the insulating layer, and a conductive plate source electrode overlying said insulating layer and in contact with said source regions.

Magnetic field sensing apparatus for sensing the proximity of a member having high magnetic permeability without requiring an external field source

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for producing an output signal upon sensing the proximity of a member having relatively high magnetic permeability. The apparatus includes a magnetoresistive element which is comprised of an insulating substrate upon which first and second ferromagnetic strips are provided. The ferromagnetic strips define first and second main current conducting paths which are respectively perpendicular to each other. The strips are connected in series to define a junction therebetween from which an output signal is derived. Current supply terminals are provided for furnishing an energizing current to the magnetoresistive element, which energizing current flows in a direction from one to the other of the current supply terminals. A bias magnetic field is provided in a direction perpendicular to one of the main current conducting paths and which is sensed by the element. A portion of this bias field is received by a member having a relatively high magnetic permeability which is proximate the element, thereby altering the distribution of the received portion of the bias field to produce a composite field which can be considered a vector formed of the bias field and the field attributed to the permeable material. The composite field is a function of the spacing between the element and the member and the longitudinal positioning of the member with respect to the element. This composite magnetic field is sensed by the element, whereby an output signal is produced from the junction in the element as a function of the relative positions of leading and trailing edges of the member with respect to the magnetoresistive element.

DC level control circuit

Abstract: A DC level control circuit wherein the DC level of an input signal is compared to a reference level and a DC bias potential is varied in accordance with said comparison, the varied bias potential being fed back to correspondingly vary the DC level input signal.