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Showing papers by "Sony Broadcast & Professional Research Laboratories published in 1976"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The n-p-n and p-n-p high-voltage transistors were developed by using semi-insulating polycrystalline-silicon (SIPOS) films for the surface passivation as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The n-p-n and p-n-p high-voltage transistors showing high reliabilities have been developed by using semi-insulating polycrystalline-silicon (SIPOS) films for the surface passivation. SIPOS films are chemically vapor-deposited polycrystalline-silicon doped with oxygen or nitrogen atoms. The films employed for the surface passivation of high-voltage transistors are composed of triple layers, which are oxygen-doped SIPOS films of 0.5-µm thickness to stabilize the silicon interface, nitrogen-doped SIPOS films of 0.15-µm thickness to prevent water or sodium ions from reaching the silicon surface, and silicon dioxide films to prevent dielectric breakdown of the SIPOS films under very high-voltage operation. The n-p-n and p-n-p SIPOS transistors rated at 800 and 2500 V have been produced in planar-like structures with field-limiting rings. These transistors showed highly reliable characteristics, because the passivating SIPOS layer provides a good protection against ionic contamination and externally applied electric fields. Furthermore, 10-kV n-p-n SIPOS transistors with multiple rings have been fabricated and found that operation is stable.

108 citations


Patent
21 Dec 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, an orthogonal transform of the input signal is derived, which has n transformed signal components and at least some of these signal components are suppressed if their respective signal levels are less than a threshold level.
Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reducing the noise of an input signal, such as a composite video signal. An orthogonal transform of the input signal is derived, this orthogonal transform having n transformed signal components. At least some of these signal components are suppressed if their respective signal levels are less than a threshold level. Preferably, the n transformed signal components correspond to different portions of the input signal; and those components representing the higher frequency portions are suppressed if their signal levels are less than the threshold level. Following this signal suppression, the n transformed signal components are reconverted into substantially the input signal, less the suppressed components.

84 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the passivation properties of oxygen-doped polycrystalline-silicon (SIPOS) films have been examined as a function of oxygen concentration, and the leakage currents of 800 V pnp transistors did not increase even after the chips were exposed to water vapor at 100°C and to sodium contamination at 200°C.
Abstract: Semi-insulating polycrystalline-silicon (SIPOS) films have been used as a replacement of a silicon dioxide passivation layer of planar devices. The SIPOS films are chemically vapordeposited polycrystalline-silicon doped with oxygen or nitrogen atoms. The passivation properties of oxygen-doped SIPOS films have been examined as a function of oxygen concentration. The npn and pnp transistors rated at 800 V and 2500 V have been produced by the SIPOS process in planar-like structures with field-limiting rings. The leakage currents of 800 V pnp transistors did not increase even after the chips were exposed to water vapor at 100°C and to sodium contamination at 200°C. Thus, the SIPOS transistors can be packaged in low-cost molded epoxy as well as metal cans. Furthermore, 10 kV SIPOS transistors with multiple rings have been fabricated and their operation has been found to be stable.

72 citations


Patent
02 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for selectively supplying information including video information to operators, such as students, at plural stations, the information requiring responses, or answers, and the correctness of each operator's answer being displayed was described.
Abstract: AUDIO-VISUAL TEACHING SYSTEM AND METHOD ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A system for selectively supplying information including video information to operators, such as students, at plural stations, the information requiring responses, or answers, and the correct-ness of each operator's answer being displayed. A television monitor is provided at each station to display video picture information. In reply to a question, which may be displayed or audibly reproduced, a responding device is selectively operated by the operator. The video picture information displayed at each television monitor is stored in a main storage device in the form of video picture signals representing predetermined still video information. Selected ones of the video picture signals are supplied from the main storage device as a function of each response, or answer, by the operators. A buffer store having a plurality of video picture signals storage channels correspond-ing to the number of stations is coupled to the main storage device to receive the selected video picture signals and to transmit these received signals to particular ones of the stations. A control unit is coupled to the main storage device and to the buffer store for controlling the transmission of selected video picture signals from the main storage device to a particular video picture signal storage channel and for controlling the transmission of video picture signals from the storage channels in the buffer store to selected ones of the stations. In one embodiment, a video display of the correctness of the operator's answer is provided. It is one feature of this system to transmit new video information to each monitor in accord-ance with the pace, or progress, of each operator. -i-

52 citations


Patent
19 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this article, silicon ions are implanted in a silicon dioxide layer on a silicon substrate so that the dioxide layer is converted into a semi-insulating layer having an improved passivation property.
Abstract: Silicon ions are implanted in a silicon dioxide layer on a silicon substrate so that the dioxide layer is converted into a semi-insulating layer having an improved passivation property.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a double-layer polycrystalline-silicon (SIPOS) film is employed as a replacement of a thick silicon dioxide layer in C/MOS-IC's of channel-stopperless structure and exhibits excellent field-passivating properties.
Abstract: A semi-insulating polycrystalline-silicon (SIPOS) film doped with oxygen atoms is deposited on the surface of silicon substrates by a chemical vapor reaction of silane and nitrous oxide in nitrogen ambient, and has been studied for the surface passivation of MOS-IC's, in particular, C/MOS-IC's of channel-stopperless structure. SIPOS films are semi-insulating and intrinsically neutral. A double-layer system consisting of 3000 A SIPOS and 6000 A SiO2 films is employed as a replacement of a thick silicon dioxide layer in C/MOS-IC's of channel-stopperless structure and exhibits excellent field-passivating properties, namely, a small drain-source leakage current, a high drain breakdown voltage, and a high parasitic threshold voltage. Furthermore, the silicon surface passivated by SIPOS films shows high stability under a severe bias-temperature stress. It is concluded that C/MOS-IC's passivated by SIPOS films are not required to have a channelstopper diffusion region and can be operated at high applied voltages, which leads to higher integrating density and higher reliability.

47 citations


Patent
18 Nov 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for optically reading or playing-back video or other signal information recorded as pits or other variations in a record track on a reflective record medium surface employs a polarized beam splitter by which a laser light beam is split into first and second polarized light beams which are respectively polarized in different polarization directions.
Abstract: An apparatus for optically reading or playing-back video or other signal information recorded as pits or other variations in a record track on a reflective record medium surface employs a polarized beam splitter by which a laser light beam is split into first and second polarized light beams which are respectively polarized in different polarization directions. The first polarized light beam is directed in a respective optical path so as to be projected against the record track on the record medium surface and reflected from the latter to a photo-detector or -sensor developing an output representing the recorded signal information, while the second polarized light beam is directed, in an optical path spaced from that of the first polarized light beam, so as to be projected against the record medium surface and reflected from the latter to control a servo-mechanism by which, for example, proper focusing or positioning of the first polarized light beam in respect to the record track is maintained.

37 citations


Patent
07 Jun 1976
TL;DR: A transformer with an electrostatic shield body between its primary and secondary windings, one end of the shield body being connected to a zero potential point of the primary side from the AC standpoint, is particularly useful with an inverter.
Abstract: A transformer with an electrostatic shield body between its primary and secondary windings, one end of the shield body being connected to a zero potential point of the primary side from the AC standpoint. This reduces the capacity coupling between the primary and secondary windings. This transformer is particularly useful with an inverter. The transformer may include primary and secondary windings, each having a pair of terminals, and a magnetic core provided in connection with the primary and secondary windings magnetically. First and second static shield bodies may be provided at each side of the primary and secondary windings and therebetween, and these first and second static shield bodies are electrically connected to one terminal of the primary and secondary windings, respectively, so as to reduce the capacitance therebetween.

36 citations


Patent
12 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a photo-sensitive record medium is desirably constituted by a positive photo-resist so that, upon development thereof, the tracking path portion is obtained in the form of a groove having the recorded signal portion defined by irregularities at the bottom of such groove.
Abstract: In optically producing a reproducible recording of video or other signals, the intensity of at least one laser light beam is modulated by the signals to be recorded while such light beam scans a substantially flat surface on a photo-sensitive recording medium which is photo-reacted to a degree varying substantially linearly in correspondence with the intensity of the light impinging thereon over a predetermined range of light intensities, and the intensity of the light beam and the degree of modulation thereof by the signals are selected to maintain the maximum and minimum intensities of the modulated light beam within such predetermined range so as to form simultaneously on the record medium a tracking path portion and a recorded signal portion which is unified with the latter. The photo-sensitive record medium is desirably constituted by a positive photo-resist so that, upon development thereof, the tracking path portion is obtained in the form of a groove having the recorded signal portion defined by irregularities at the bottom of such groove. The positive photo-resist or other photo-sensitive material may be conveniently applied as a layer on a base plate or disc which is rotated while the light beam and disc are moved relative to each other in a radial direction of the disc so that the groove or other tracking path portion forms a spiral.

35 citations


Patent
15 Sep 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved arrangement of transfer electrodes is provided for the charge transfer device therein and the number of effective sensing elements for performing image sensing operation can be altered in accordance with the manner of supplying a driving signal to the transfer electrodes, so that either one of different television signals according to the NTSC system and the PAL or SECAM system, can be selectively produced thereby.
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solid state image sensor comprising a charge transfer device such as a charge coupled device (CCD), wherein an improved arrangement of transfer electrodes is provided for the charge transfer device therein and the number of effective sensing elements for performing practically the image sensing operation can be altered in accordance with the manner of supplying a driving signal to the transfer electrodes, so that either one of different television signals, for example, color television signals according to the NTSC system and the PAL or SECAM system, can be selectively produced thereby

34 citations


Patent
23 Apr 1976
TL;DR: A semiconductor device comprising a silicon substrate with an oxygen doped polycrystalline or amorphous silicon layer formed on the substrate so as to form a hetero junction therewith is described in this article.
Abstract: A semiconductor device comprising a silicon substrate with an oxygen doped polycrystalline or amorphous silicon layer formed on the substrate so as to form a hetero junction therewith. A transistor formed according to the invention has an emitter-base hetero junction and has a high current gain.

Patent
05 Apr 1976
TL;DR: A storage receptacle for a magnetic tape cassette is described in this paper, which comprises a housing having spaced apart, parallel side walls which, between their forward edges, define an opening of the housing, and a holder pivotally connected with the housing for swinging movement through such opening between an opened position in which the holder projects forwardly from the house for slidably receiving and relinquishing a cassette and a closed position where the holder cooperates with the sink for enclosing a cassette cradled in the holder between spaced apart side walls of the holder; flexibly resilient stop elements
Abstract: A storage receptacle for a magnetic tape cassette which comprises a housing having spaced apart, parallel side walls which, between their forward edges, define an opening of the housing, and a holder pivotally connected with the housing for swinging movement through such opening between an opened position in which the holder projects forwardly from the housing for slidably receiving and relinquishing a cassette, and a closed position in which the holder cooperates with the housing for enclosing a cassette cradled in the holder between spaced apart side walls of the holder; flexibly resilient stop elements project inwardly from one of the side walls of the holder so as to be deflected out of the path of a cassette during its slidable insertion and removal in respect to the holder, while such stop elements return to their normal positions for engaging reel hubs of a cassette, and thereby resisting turning of the supply and takeup reels when the cassette is fully inserted or cradled in the cassette.

Patent
13 Sep 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus for use with a tape cassette including a housing containing a supply of tape and having spaced parallel walls with an opening there between at one side of the housing along which a run of the tape is normally guided.
Abstract: CASSETTE TAPE RECORDING AND/OR REPRODUCING APPARATUS ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus for use with a tape cassette including a housing containing a supply of tape and having spaced parallel walls with an opening therebetween at one side of the housing along which a run of the tape is normally guided, and lids mounted on the housing for movement relative to the latter in directions parallel to the planes of the spaced walls between closed positions where the lids extend along the opening for covering respective parts of the tape run and opened positions where the lids are displaced from the opening to permit the withdrawal of the tape therethrough; and in which magnetic heads or transducers for recording and/or reproducing information signals on a tape engaged therewith are mounted on a chassis so as to be spaced from the open side of a cassette housing when the latter is positioned by engagement with locating members on the chassis, and tape withdrawing members are engageable with the tape run in the cassette housing positioned by the locating members and are operative to withdraw the tape through the open side and into engagement with the transducers. a cassette loading device is provided which includes a cassette holder pivotally mounted for movement in respect to the chassis between an inoperative position spaced from the locating members for permitting the insertion and removal of a cassette in the holder and an operative position where a cassette in the holder is engaged with the locating members, lid opening members mounted for movement in respect to the holder between an inactive position at which the lid opening members are spaced from a cassette in the holder in direction substantially perpendicular to the planes of the walls of the cassette housing so as to avoid interference with the insertion and removal of the cassette in the holder, and an active position at which the lid opening members are engageable with the lids of a cassette in the holder and are displaced relative to the holder in the direction of movement of the respective lids from their closed positions to their opened positions, and a cam arrangement connecting the lid opening members with the holder and chassis for disposing the lid opening members in their inactive and active positions when the holder is in its inoperative and operative positions, respectively. Preferably, the cam arrangement is operative to move the lid opening members relative to the chassis in opposition to the initial pivotal movement of the holder from its inoperative position so that the engagement of the lid opening members with the lids and the substantial opening of the latter can be achieved well before the arrival of the holder at its operative position.

Patent
14 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the power supply voltage of an amplifier is modulated by a signal having a waveform that corresponds, at least in selective parts, to the waveform of the signal being amplified by the amplifier.
Abstract: The power supply voltage of an amplifier is modulated by a signal having a waveform that corresponds, at least in selective parts, to the waveform of the signal being amplified by the amplifier.

Patent
20 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a passivation layer formed on a surface end of a PN junction between the collector region and the base region is a polycrystalline silicon containing oxygen atoms in a range between 14 and 35 atomic percents.
Abstract: A bipolar-type semiconductor device, such as a bipolar transistor, has a heavily doped emitter region, a lightly doped emitter region, a base region, a collector region and a passivation layer or layers on said regions. The passivation layer formed on a surface end of a PN junction between the collector region and the base region is a polycrystalline silicon containing oxygen atoms in a range between 14 and 35 atomic percents. The other passivation layer formed on a surface end of the other PN junction between the base region and the lightly doped emitter region is made of silicon-dioxide, which covers also a surface end of lightly doped and heavily doped (LH) junction between two emitter regions.

Patent
09 Apr 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a tape cassette for use in a tape recording and reproducing apparatus having an actuating element which is engageable by the cassette, when the latter is operatively positioned in the apparatus, for selectively placing the recording circuit of the apparatus in its operative and inoperative modes.
Abstract: In a tape cassette for use in a tape recording and reproducing apparatus having an actuating element which is engageable by the cassette, when the latter is operatively positioned in the apparatus, for selectively placing the recording circuit of the apparatus in its operative and inoperative modes; the cassette housing is formed with a recess having an opening at a wall portion which is adjacent the actuating element when the cassette is operatively positioned; and a control element is provided with a body portion slidably movable in the recess between positions in which it respectively blocks and unblocks the opening to the recess for controlling the actuating element, and a resilient arm extending from the body portion and terminating in a projection which is selectively engageable in holes formed in the wall portion adjacent the opening to the recess for releasably locking the body portion in either one of its aforementioned positions.

Patent
15 Mar 1976
TL;DR: A cylindrical core with toroidal windings at angularly spaced locations on the core is formed of a plurality of annular core elements each having an axial slot and initially being axially superposed with the respective slots in axial alignment.
Abstract: A cylindrical core with toroidal windings at angularly spaced locations on the core, for example, as in the stator of a brushless, slotless DC motor for a record player or tape recorder, is formed of a plurality of annular core elements each having an axial slot and initially being axially superposed with the respective slots in axial alignment. The windings are conveniently formed individually on respective bobbins which are dimensioned to pass through the axially aligned slots for installation on the superposed core elements, whereupon, the latter are preferably turned relative to each other for angularly offsetting the respective slots and thereby minimizing the turbulence of magnetic flux that can result therefrom.

Patent
02 Dec 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a method of manufacturing an oxide layer of semiconductor composition is disclosed, which is based on oxidizing it in heated water containing oxygen gas, such, for example, as ozone.
Abstract: A method of manufacturing an oxide layer of semiconductor composition is disclosed. On the surface portion of semiconductor substrate, an oxide layer is formed by oxidizing it in heated water containing oxygen gas, such, for example, as ozone. One preferred method is to bubble the ozone through hot water which contains near saturated steam at the temperature of the water.

Patent
10 Jun 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a time base corrector which converts incoming video signals to digital form and writes the digitized signals in a memory at a clocking rate varying in accordance with time base errors in the incoming signals is presented.
Abstract: In a time base corrector which converts incoming video signals to digital form and writes the digitized signals in a memory at a clocking rate varying in accordance with time base errors in the incoming signals, whereupon the signals temporarily stored in the memory are read out or fetched therefrom at a standard clocking rate and reconverted to analog form for eliminating the time base errors; the clocking rate for storing the digitized signals is determined by a write clock pulse signal generator having an automatic frequency control circuit in which the output frequency of a variable frequency oscillator is varied in dependence on the horizontal synchronizing signals in the incoming video signals, and an automatic phase control circuit in which the output of the variable frequency oscillator is phase shifted in dependence on the burst signals separated from the incoming video signals.

Patent
02 Jun 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the level difference between left and right signals is reduced as the frequency thereof increases for improving the localization of the sound image resulting from the application of the resulting or converted left or converted right signals to the left or right loudspeakers.
Abstract: In a stereophonic sound reproduction system in which stereophonic left and right signals are treated to have a level difference therebetween for establishing a localized sound image spaced from the midpoint between left and right loudspeakers, the level difference between such left and right signals is reduced as the frequency thereof increases for improving the localization of the sound image resulting from the application of the resulting or converted left and right signals to the left and right loudspeakers.

Patent
25 Mar 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a container for storing a magnetic tape cassette is formed by a one-piece housing, preferably molded of plastic resin and including a substantially rectangular bottom wall having side walls and a back wall directed upwardly along its opposite side and back margins to define a cavity which is open at the top for receiving a cassette and has an opening at the front of the housing through which access may be had to a cassette in the cavity for upwardly dislodging the cassette therefrom, and a top wall or lid hingedly connected, as by a thin cross-section
Abstract: A container for storing a magnetic tape cassette is formed by a one-piece housing, preferably molded of plastic resin and including a substantially rectangular bottom wall having side walls and a back wall directed upwardly along its opposite side and back margins to define a cavity which is open at the top for receiving a cassette and has an opening at the front of the housing through which access may be had to a cassette in the cavity for upwardly dislodging the cassette therefrom, and a top wall or lid hingedly connected, as by a thin cross-section of the plastic, to the top of the back wall for swinging between an upwardly directed opened position and a closed position in which the lid closes the cavity at the top thereof while a flange depending from the front end of the lid closes the opening at the front of the housing. The lid and bottom wall of the housing have mating projections which are frictionally engageable for holding the lid in its closed position and also for preventing rotation of the reels of a cassette stored in the container. Further, the opposite side walls are formed with a groove and rail, respectively, of mating dovetail cross-sections by which a plurality of containers can be secured to each other in side-by-side relation, and the rail preferably terminates short of the front and back ends of the respective side wall and has a medial recess extending along its length for facilitating its engagement in the groove of an adjacent identical container.

Patent
22 Oct 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a double-balanced type mixing stage with a first and second differential amplifiers was proposed, where the second differential amplifier receives the input signal in opposite phase relation.
Abstract: A frequency converter of the type having a local oscillating stage for producing a local oscillating signal and a double-balanced type mixing stage provided with a first pair of inputs for receiving a signal to be frequency converted and a second pair of inputs for receiving the local oscillating signal. The output of the mixing stage can be connected through a tuned circuit so as to frequency convert the input signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The local oscillating stage includes a first pair of differentially-connected transistors, the collector electrode of one being connected to a resonant circuit and, additionally, through an RC positive feedback circuit to the base electrode of the other transistor. The double-balanced type mixing stage includes a second pair of differentially-connected transistors, one of which being connected in cascade with a first differential amplifier and the other of which being connected in cascade with a second differential amplifier. The base electrodes of the second pair of differentially-connected transistors receive the local oscillating signal which is applied thereto in opposite phase relation. The first and second differential amplifiers both receive the input signal which is applied thereto in opposite phase relation. A DC bias circuit is provided for applying substantially equal bias voltages through equal impedances, such as resistors, to both pairs of differentially-connected transistors. Preferably, the DC bias circuit includes an emitter-follower.

Patent
22 Dec 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a sampling signal generator generates sampling signals during the predetermined line intervals in which the VIR signal is provided, and a VIR detector is coupled to the signal processing circuitry and is responsive to the sampling signals to detect if the signal is included in the received composite color television signal.
Abstract: Color television receiving apparatus is provided for receiving a composite television signal which includes horizontal synchronizing signals, color burst signals and luminance and chrominance components. The composite color television signal is of the type which additionally may include a VIR signal which is provided in a predetermined line interval during the vertical retrace interval. The receiving apparatus comprises signal processing circuitry for processing the received composite color television signal so as to produce a video picture therefrom. A sampling signal generator generates sampling signals during the predetermined line intervals in which the VIR signal is provided. A VIR detector is coupled to the signal processing circuitry and is responsive to the sampling signals to detect if the VIR signal is included in the received composite color television signal. At least one component produced by the signal processing circuitry is sampled by the sampling signals to produce sampled control signals. A manually adjustable generator produces manually adjustable control signals; and switching circuitry coupled to the sampling circuitry and to the manually adjustable generator is controlled by the VIR detector to selectively supply either the sampled control signals or the manually adjustable control signals to control circuitry which, in turn, controls the signal processing circuitry so as to control predetermined characteristics of the reproduced video picture. These controlled characteristics may be the luminance levels or color characteristics, such as hue and saturation, or both luminance levels and color characteristics. An improved type of sampling circuit which can be used with this color television receiving apparatus also is disclosed.

Patent
20 Feb 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a back projection screen has a first cylindrically lenticulated face facing toward the cathode ray tubes for determining a viewing angle of the screen, and a second cylindrical face on the opposite side thereof for arranging in parallel the emergent light axes of three luminous fluxes respectively projected from the three cathode rays.
Abstract: Three cathode ray tubes are provided for projecting and converging three different primary color images on a back projection screen. The back projection screen has a first cylindrically lenticulated face facing toward the cathode ray tubes for determining a viewing angle of the screen and a second cylindrically lenticulated face on the opposite side thereof for arranging in parallel the emergent light axes of three luminous fluxes respectively projected from the three cathode ray tubes. Color shading of the color image projected on the screen which would be caused by convergence of the three light axes extending from the cathode ray tubes is eliminated by the second cylindrically lenticulated face of the screen.

Patent
02 Feb 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of forming a first polycrystalline silicon layer containing oxygen atoms on the semiconductor layer, forming a second poly-crystalized silicon layer with nitrogen atoms on it, and removing a predetermined part of the first and second poly crystalline silicon layers to form an opening therein, and diffusing impurity material into the semiconducting layer through the opening in order to form a diffused region.
Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of forming a first polycrystalline silicon layer containing oxygen atoms on a semiconductor layer, of forming a second polycrystalline silicon layer containing nitrogen atoms on the first polycrystalline silicon layer, of removing a predetermined part of the first and second polycrystalline silicon layers to form an opening therein, and of diffusing impurity material into the semiconductor layer through the opening in order to form a diffused region. The fabricating process can be remarkably simplified.

Patent
31 Mar 1976
TL;DR: A thermionic cathode structure includes a ceramic base plate, a heater layer of tungsten coated on the base plate and a cathode lead layer formed on a ceramic insulating layer covering the heater layer.
Abstract: A thermionic cathode structure includes a ceramic base plate, a heater layer of tungsten coated on the ceramic base plate, a cathode lead layer of tungsten formed on a ceramic insulating layer covering the heater layer, a base metal layer coated on the cathode lead layer, and a cathode material coated on the base metal layer.

Patent
01 Jul 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a signal expansion/compression scheme where an input signal is compressed by an exponential factor and then subsequently may be expanded by the reciprocal of that exponential factor, wherein neither the signal compression circuits nor the signal expansion circuits need be provided with exponential amplifiers or logarithmic function generators.
Abstract: Signal expansion/compression apparatus wherein an input signal is compressed by an exponential factor and then subsequently may be expanded by the reciprocal of that exponential factor, wherein neither the signal compression circuits nor the signal expansion circuits need be provided with exponential amplifiers or logarithmic function generators. The signal compressio circuit includes a plurality of serially-connected voltage controlled amplifiers, a first of such amplifiers receiving the input signal to be compressed and a predetermined one of such amplifiers providing the compressed output signal. A control signal generator is connected to the last of the voltage controlled amplifiers to produce a control voltage which is a function of the output signal of that last amplifier and a reference voltage. This control voltage is supplied to all of the voltage controlled amplifiers so as to determine the respective gains thereof. The signal expansion circuit includes a plurality of voltage controlled amplifiers, an input signal to be expanded being supplied in common to two of such amplifiers. An output of one of such amplifiers is combined with a reference signal to produce another control voltage which is supplied to all of the amplifiers in the signal expansion circuit so as to determine the respective gains thereof. The output signal produced by another amplifier is expanded with respect to the input signal. All of the voltage controlled amplifiers used in the compression and expansion circuits exhibit substantially linear gain characteristics and, preferably, are comprised of a voltage controlled impedance whose impedance value is linearly related to the applied control voltage.

Patent
13 Jul 1976
TL;DR: In this article, a sound pickup assembly comprising a parabolic reflector in the focal point of which is mounted a pickup and wherein the reverse side of the reflector is formed as a binaural sound pickup having a pair of microphones mounted on opposite sides of the curved surface generally on a horizontal plane.
Abstract: A sound pickup assembly comprising a parabolic reflector in the focal point of which is mounted a pickup and wherein the reverse side of the parabolic reflector is formed as a binaural sound pickup having a pair of microphones mounted on opposite sides of the curved surface generally on a horizontal plane and including a pair of dummy external ears mounted near the pair of microphones such that the pickup can be used as a highly directive pickup utilizing the single microphone and parabolic reflector and wherein the unit can also be utilized for binaural pickup by utilizing the two antennas and dummy ears mounted on the back surface of the unit.

Patent
21 Jun 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the clamp levels at every horizontal synchronizing interval are randomly shifted before conversion, whereby quantization noise signals can be scattered on a displayed image by reclamping after a reconversion of the signal.
Abstract: In a system in which a video signal is converted into a digitized signal, clamp levels thereof at every horizontal synchronizing interval are randomly shifted before conversion, whereby quantization noise signals can be scattered on a displayed image by reclamping after a reconversion of the signal.

Patent
24 Aug 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a protection circuit for a pulse width modulated signal amplifier, which includes a signal input circuit, a carrier signal generator, a signal width modulator for receiving both the output signals of the signal inputs and the carrier signals, an amplifier for receiving the pulse width modulation signal and for amplifying it to drive a load through a low pass filter, a detecting circuit for detecting whether the modulation signal is present or not, or detecting DC voltage of undesirable duration.
Abstract: A protective circuit for a pulse width modulated signal amplifier includes a signal input circuit, a carrier signal generator, a pulse width modulator for receiving both the output signals of the signal input circuit and the carrier signal generator and for producing a pulse width modulated signal, an amplifier for receiving the pulse width modulated signal and for amplifying it to drive a load through a low pass filter, a detecting circuit for detecting whether the pulse width modulated signal is present or not, or detecting DC voltage of undesirable duration produced at the output of the amplifier and for producing a control signal, and a protective circuit activated by the control signal for cutting off the operation of the amplifier.