Showing papers by "Southern Illinois University Carbondale published in 1974"
TL;DR: After one all-night training session, the 24 enuretic children averaged only two bedwettings before achieving fourteen consecutive dry nights and had no major relapses and the results of a control-procedure showed that the new procedure did not involve Pavlovian conditioning.
192 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between self-reported and pre-post measures of academic growth and found that selfreported measures were primarily related to growth in attitudes toward the subject matter of a course.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between self-reported and pre-post measures of academic growth Self-reported and pre-post measures were obtained in three areas, simple cognitive, complex cognitive, and attitudinal The subjects were 162 graduate students enrolled in six different graduate courses Partial correlations relating self-reported measures of growth to posttest performance on measures of achievement (simple and complex cognitive)and attitude, controlling for pretest performance indicated that self-reported measures of academic growth were primarily related to growth in attitudes toward the subject matter of a course
92 citations
TL;DR: Using a time-of-flight method, the excitation of argon and helium metastables by electron impact is investigated in the energy range from threshold to about 50 eV.
Abstract: Using a time-of-flight method, the excitation of argon and helium metastables by electron impact is investigated in the energy range from threshold to about 50 eV. The secondary-electron yields of the metastable detector used are reviewed in detail. The effect of metastable recoil is also discussed. Comparisons with data from other investigators are presented.
68 citations
TL;DR: The results support the value of group-assertive training and suggest that assertive training may provide an effective means for dealing with anger which typically leads to anti-social aggression.
Abstract: Male volunteers reporting a history of expressing anger in an inappropriate or antisocial manner were assigned to an assertive training group or to a placebo group. Assertive training, conducted ov...
60 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that every set not a basis of order h is a subset of a maximal nonbasis of order g, which is a set of nonnegative integers such that every proper superset of B is a basis.
55 citations
TL;DR: This article used five samples, ranging from business executives to students, and two measures of cognitive complexity were used to replicate Mitchell's finding of a positive relationship between Fiedler's LPC and a...
Abstract: Five samples, ranging from business executives to students, and two measures of cognitive complexity were used to replicate Mitchell's finding of a positive relationship between Fiedler's LPC and a...
43 citations
TL;DR: A higher relative intake of food by small bass was postulated to be a result of the bass's typically consuming only one fish, while forage fish were relatively uniform in size.
Abstract: During 18 months of electrofishing a sample of 991 adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was taken from Crab Orchard Lake. The stomach contents were removed in the field with a gastroscope. Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) constituted the principal forage fish. Approximately 50% of the bass collected had empty stomachs. As the size of bass increased, the food intake as a percent of body weight decreased. Ninety percent of the bass stomachs contained one food item. When more than one food item was found, they were usually in the same stage of digestion. It is suggested that the high percent of empty stomachs was related to hunting success, or that the onset of the feeding stimulus in association with rate of digestion might result in a periodicity of feeding that involves a high percent of empty stomachs. A higher relative intake of food by small bass was postulated to be a result of the bass's typically consuming only one fish. Inasmuch as the forage fish were relatively uniform in size...
42 citations
42 citations
TL;DR: Channel catfish exhibited changes in levels of muscle and blood electrolytes during recovery from short-term hypoxia and these data indicate that electrolyte imbalance persists for many hours after blood lactate has declined to control levels.
Abstract: Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) exhibited changes in levels of muscle and blood electrolytes during recovery from short-term hypoxia Ten minutes of confinement in water having zero mg/liter oxygen resulted in an acidosis characterized after 1 hr of recovery by elevated blood lactate, decreased blood pH, and an increase in plasma osmolarity and hematocrit Muscle water content was increased at this time Later changes in these parameters appeared to be influenced by season or temperature Plasma osmolarity dropped below control levels in June and remained depressed after 36 hr of recovery In August plasma osmolarity fluctuated at levels above control values and had not returned to normal after 48 hr These data indicate that electrolyte imbalance persists for many hours after blood lactate has declined to control levels and this imbalance may limit the fish's ability to tolerate further stress
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a party leadership strategy with respect to the committee system of the House is examined, based on several relatively clear concepts such as compliance, quality of assignment, expectation, scarcity, and exchange.
Abstract: In this paper one party leadership strategy with respect to the committee system of the House is examined. Building on several relatively clear concepts such as compliance, quality of assignment, expectation, scarcity, and exchange, a very elementary, yet explicit, theory is constructed. It is shown that the leaders pursue a strategy of accommodation. The leaders increase the number of positions on those committees prized by the members in order to guarantee a steady supply of resources to gain leverage with the members. But a steady increase in the supply of positions reduces the scarcity of positions and hence their value to the leaders. Thus, a consequence of the strategy is the need periodically to reorganize or make adjustments in the committee system.
40 citations
TL;DR: Raman scattering has been observed from microcrystals of MgO which were produced from Mg${(mathrm{OH})}_{2}$, MgC${\mathrm{\O}}_{3}$, and Mg O smoke.
Abstract: Raman scattering has been observed from microcrystals of MgO which were produced from Mg${(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$, MgC${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and MgO smoke. Particles which had an average diameter of 300 \AA{} gave Raman bands with frequency shifts of 595, 719, and 1096 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, whereas particles of mean diameter 600 \AA{} gave bands at 592 and 1088 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. These results are discussed in terms of the macroscopic and microscopic theories that have been used to describe the lattice dynamics of small crystals. Experimental evidence of the inverted Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation is given.
TL;DR: Two extracellular polysaccharide mutants of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were obtained and examined, distinguished by colonial morphology and by growth on and adherence to hard surfaces.
Abstract: Two extracellular polysaccharide mutants of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were obtained and examined. The mutants were distinguished by colonial morphology and by growth on and adherence to hard surfaces. A technique was devised which allowed these bacteria to be studied as they appeared when grown on a hard surface in liquid medium which contained sucrose. Negative stains, replicas, and scanning electron micrography clearly revealed differences in cellular aggregation due to the various extracellular polysaccharides produced. Comparison of sections of the adherent parent strain (GS-5) with those of the nonadherent mutant (GS-511) allowed the extracellular polysaccharide(s) responsible for adhesion to be visually localized.
TL;DR: In this paper, the freezing points of aqueous mixtures of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride have been measured in the range of ionic strengths from 0.1 to 3.5 mole-kg−1.
Abstract: The freezing points of aqueous mixtures of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride have been measured in the range of ionic strengths from 0.1 to 3.5 mole-kg−1. The composition dependence of the excess Gibbs function is considered from the standpoint of the Scatchard ion-component treatment of electrolyte solutions. The ion-component equations predict the osmotic coefficients of the mixtures from the single-salt results with a maximum error of less than 1%. Values of Friedman's parameterw
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at the freezing points of the solutions are compared with isopiestic and theoretical values at 298 K.
TL;DR: This article found that early term males and females were more academically oriented and more internally controlled than late term subjects, while females were found to feel more positive toward research participation than males; while a large percentage of all subjects reported both suspiciousness of experimenter intent and a general and unexpected willingness to voluntarily participate as subjects.
TL;DR: The four types of suicide that Durkheim distinguished are implicit in his concept of homo duplex and the view of socialization this entailed as discussed by the authors, and the interpretation given is used to shed light on other aspects of the author's thought, especially some that are disputed in secondary literature.
Abstract: The four types of suicide that Durkheim distinguished are implicit in his concept of homo duplex and the view of socialization this entailed. The individual requires both repression of his passions and direction toward society; too much or too little of either of these two processes leads to suicide and each of the four types represents one type of such failure in socialization. Internal evidence from Suiciae is used to show that Durkheim did in fact derive the suicide typology from his view of man. From the standpoint of this interpretation, those by Parsons and Douglas and by commentators who equate the anomic and egoistic suicide types are reviewed and their misunderstandings noted. Finally, the interpretation given is used to shed light on other aspects of Durkheim's thought, especially some that are disputed in the secondary literature.
TL;DR: In this article, a rationale for using these samples was presented, and empirical evidence was gathered which supported the practice of combining samples to increase the variance of test scores and thereby permit the proper estimate of reliability and item validities.
Abstract: Although many have rejected classical test construction and analysis procedures for criterion-referenced tests, the present study was concerned with the possibility that classical procedures are both applicable and appropriate when samples of both mastery and nonmastery examinees are employed. A rationale for using these samples was presented, and empirical evidence was gathered which supported the practice of combining samples to increase the variance of test scores and thereby permit the proper estimate of reliability and item validities.
TL;DR: Comparative histological observations of the eyes of Typhlotriton spelaeus and several epigean, plethodontid species indicate that the principal postembryonic degenerative changes in the eyes are involved in the eyelids and cornea, visual cells, outer plexiform layer, and the pigment epithelium.
Abstract: Comparative histological observations of the eyes of Typhlotriton spelaeus and several epigean, plethodontid species indicate that the principal postembryonic degenerative changes in the eyes of T. spelaeus involve the eyelids and cornea, visual cells, outer plexiform layer, and the pigment epithelium. Ordinarily these changes were initiated after metamorphosis, before attainment of sexual maturity, but a few larvae had degenerating retinae. The corneal epithelium becomes irregular and thin as eyelids develop during and after metamorphosis, but retains its larval structure in animals in which eyelid overlap is incomplete. Disruption and vacuolation of the lens sometimes occurs in postmetamorphic animals with degenerating visual cells. Retinal degeneration involves reduction of the inner and outer segments of visual cells, loss of the outer plexiform layer, and retraction of apical processes of the pigment epithelium. In its earliest stage, retinal reduction is first apparent at the retinal margin where visual cells are normally less well-differentiated, but in its terminal stage reduction has gone to completion over the entire retina. Extent of retinal degeneration in adults is directly related to postmetamorphic age but there is variability in each age group. Females generally have smaller eyes, and more extensive degeneration of visual cells than males. The loss of visual function in adults is correlated with extensive visual cell degeneration.
TL;DR: In this article, it was hypothesized that the independent manipulation of the informational content and the affective meaning of personal evaluations would indicate that both informational judgments and attraction responses are a joint function of the two stimulus components.
TL;DR: In this paper, the intensity-dependent ionization potentials for atomic hydrogen and helium in intense laser beams were computed using a theory published earlier, and results were given in terms of a parameter that depends on both intensity and frequency of the incident radiation.
Abstract: Intensity-dependent ionization potentials for atomic hydrogen and helium in intense laser beams are computed using a theory published earlier. The transformation that yields intensity-dependent potentials is identical to one proposed by Kramers in 1948. Results are given in terms of a parameter that depends on both intensity and frequency of the incident radiation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a relationship of pressure drop to throat area, gas density, throat velocity, and liquid to gas ratio is given and used to provide a method for estimating efficiency knowing only these scrubber design parameters.
Abstract: Collection efficiencies are shown for control of fine particles in venturi scrubbers (1) as a function of pressure drop, and (2) as a function of throat area and liquid to gas ratio. A relationship of pressure drop to throat area, gas density, throat velocity, and liquid to gas ratio is given and is used to provide a method for estimating efficiency knowing only these scrubber design parameters. The effect of charged particles and of surface active agents on collection efficiency are discussed briefly.
TL;DR: Acriflavine-treated cells of C. albicans plated on a medium containing glucose as the principal carbon source gave rise to numerous colonies, most of which grew when replica-plated onto a similar medium containing sodium acetate substituted for glucose.
Abstract: Acriflavine-treated cells of C. albicans plated on a medium containing glucose as the principal carbon source gave rise to numerous colonies, most of which grew when replica-plated onto a similar medium containing sodium acetate substituted for glucose. Of the small fraction of colonies from the glucose medium which failed to replicate, some were found to be true petites, deficient for cytochromes a and b; others possessed complete cytochrome spectra, like those of their wild-type parents, but, nevertheless, respired at reduced rates on both fermentable and non-fermentable substrates. The role of the conventional cytochrome system in a wild-type culture was indicated by the strong inhibition of its respiration by cyanide, azide and antimycin A.
TL;DR: In this paper, a broadening and splitting of x-ray peaks is observed and is interpreted as indicating macroscopic inhomogeneities either of crystal composition or crystal domain orientation.
Abstract: Raman and x-ray spectra have been recorded for single-crystal Bi-Sb alloys over most of the compositional range. The long-wavelength optical-phonon frequencies of pure Bi and Sb are changed only slightly by alloying. At least one new Raman mode appears in the mixed crystals which cannot be explained by a model of random atom occupancy of lattice sites. X-ray diffractometer studies rule out most, but not all arrangements of long-range order in the alloys. A broadening and splitting of x-ray peaks is observed and is interpreted as indicating macroscopic inhomogeneities either of crystal composition or crystal domain orientation.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the synthesis of norsethite at 20"C from aqueous solutions of widely varying barium and magnesium ratios with an equal amount of 0.5 molar sodium carbonate solution.
Abstract: Norsethite, BaMg(COa)a can be formed from aqueous solution by mixing a solution containing 0.06 molar barium chloride and 0.1 molar magnesium chloride with an equal amount of 0.5 molar sodium carbonate solution and allowing the precipitate to age in contact with the solution for three days or longer. Other barium and magnesium concentrations give rise to precipitates containing witherite alone, witherite plus norsethite, norsethite alone, norsethite plus hydrated magnesium carbonates, or hydrated magnesium carbonates alone. The wide range oforiginal barium to magnesium ratios of solutions from which norsethite can be precipitated suggests that it should be a more common mineral than is presently recognized. fntroduction The mineral norsethite, BaMg(CO')r, although apparently rare in nature, has received a considerable amount of attention since its discovery by Mrose el a/ (1961) in the Green River Formation in Wyoming. It was first synthesized by Chang (1964) at 500"C and later by Lippmann (1967a, 1968b) at 2AoC. Norsethite is structurally similar to dolomite (Lippmann, 1967b, 1968a) but, in contrast to dolomite, is easily formed at low temperatures. Hence, study of the stability relations of norsethite may aid in the understanding of the origin of dolomite and other ordered rhombohedral carbonate minerals. This paper reports the synthesis of norsethite at 20"C from aqueous solutions of widely varying barium and magnesium ratios.
TL;DR: Comparisons of laboratory and field-collected adults showed that the pyrrhocerus phenotype had been produced in the 24L:ODPhotoperiod, the tristigmus phenotype in the 12L:12D photoperiod.
Abstract: The effects of 24L:OD and 12L:12D photoperiods on shoulder shape and number of midventral abdominal spots in adults of Euschistus tristigmus (Say) were studied under laboratory conditions.
Shoulder shape proved more variable within a photoperiod than number of midventral abdominal spots. However, comparisons between photoperiods showed a distinct dimorphism in both characters.
Adults from immatures reared in the 24L:OD photoperiod possessed spinose shoulders and usually 0-2 spots; those from immatures reared in the 12L:12D photoperiod possessed subtriangular shoulders and usually 3-4 spots.
Shoulder shape and spots also proved to be dimorphic in adults collected in Carbondale, Jackson Co., Illinois. Those collected in summer were identified as E. t. pyrrhocerus (Herrich-Schaeffer), those in spring/fall as E. t. tristigmus .
Comparisons of laboratory and field-collected adults showed that the pyrrhocerus phenotype had been produced in the 24L:OD photoperiod, the tristigmus phenotype in the 12L:12D photoperiod.
TL;DR: In this paper, the analysis is limited to the rate-of-return on rate-base regulation of firms which provide utility services under conditions of controlled entry, such as the transportation and distribution (but not production) of natural gas, the provision of central station electricity, and the providing of centrally switched communications.
Abstract: Regulatory agencies in the U.S. economy make decisions distributing and redistributing very large sums of income and wealth, and we are concerned here with such decisions. The analysis is limited to the rate-of-return on rate-base regulation of firms which provide utility services under conditions of controlled entry. These firms are engaged in such activities as the transportation and distribution (but not production) of natural gas, the provision of central station electricity, and the provision of centrally switched communications. Specific external constraints on regulatory commissions with respect to choice of results, within the range presented in the adversary proceedings, are few and ineffective. There is little threat of immediate repudiation of a decision properly taken. This regulatory discretion arises from several sources. First, there is the difficulty of knowing exactly what effect will flow from any one decision. Second, the decision follows the exercise of judgment and expertise, and in no unambiguous way flows from the facts. There is no objective standard on which to question almost any decision reached, for all cases are in some sense unique and
TL;DR: In this paper, a modification of Pearson's fourfold point correlation possessing always-attainable limits of ± 1 and intermediate values operationally interpretable in terms of proporti...
Abstract: Formulas are presented for a modification of Pearson's fourfold point correlation possessing always-attainable limits of ± 1 and intermediate values operationally interpretable in terms of proporti...