Showing papers by "Southern Illinois University Carbondale published in 1978"
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to specify a set of properties such an efficiency measure should satisfy, to show that the widely used measure proposed by Farrell does not satisfy them, and to introduce a new measure that does satisfy these properties.
1,151 citations
274 citations
TL;DR: The length of survival of 149 patients harboring primary brain tumors was retrospectively correlated with the presence and location of lymphocytic infiltration and mononuclear invasion of malignant gliomas confined to the perivascular spaces was the only histological finding that correlated significantly with survival.
Abstract: The length of survival of 149 patients harboring primary brain tumors was retrospectively correlated with the presence and location of lymphocytic infiltration. Mononuclear invasion of malignant gliomas confined to the perivascular spaces was the only histolgical finding that correlated significantly with survival. Patients with malignant gliomas containing perivascular infiltration live up to four months longer than those with no lymphocyte infiltration. The survival of patients with brain tumors who had lymphocyte invasion associated with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis beyond and separate from perivascular spaces was the same as far as for those with no lymphocyte involvement.
207 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused upon the relationship between communication and sense of community in a demonstrably typical and stable neighborhood area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and applied factor analysis to survey data as a means of examining patterns and relationships among items.
Abstract: This study focuses upon the relationship between communication and “sense of community” in a demonstrably typical and stable neighborhood area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Factor analysis is applied to survey data as a means of examining patterns and relationships among items. The result is a six factor, multi‐dimensional scale which taps the construct, Sense of Community. Recommendations are made for comparative studies among various kinds of urban neighborhoods leading to a general theory about communication and sense of community in urban settings.
172 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationships between organizational loyalty, professional commitment, and research productivity of 84 professors at a large Midwestern university and found that loyalty, commitment and productivity correlated with research productivity.
Abstract: This study examined the relationships between organizational loyalty, professional commitment, and research productivity of 84 professors at a large Midwestern university. Likert scales and counts ...
132 citations
TL;DR: Auditory evoked potentials were recorded from the left and right hemispheres of 16 adults during a phoneme identification task and the use of multivariate statistics enabled researchers to identify a number of cortical processes related to categorical speech perception which were common to both hemisphere, as well as several which disinguished between the two hemisphere.
121 citations
TL;DR: A second component of the cortical response was sensitive to changes both within and between the phoneme categories, and reflected sex and hemisphere differences.
105 citations
TL;DR: The present research provides evidence of a model for analyzing and training vocational skills to the mentally retarded and shows rapid response acquisition, skill generalization to a second restroom, and maintenance of the newly learned behavior.
Abstract: A task analysis of janitorial skills required for cleaning a restroom was performed. Six subtasks with a total of 181 component responses were identified. Subjects were required to progress through a series of four prompt levels ordered generally from more to less direct assistance for 20 of the most difficult component steps. Another series of four prompts, ordered from less to more direct assistance, was used to teach the other 161 responses. Subjects progressed to the next more intense prompt level contingent on a failure to respond appropriately with less assistance. A multiple baseline across subjects as well as the six subtasks was employed to evaluate the efficacy of the procedures. Six moderately retarded adolescents were trained in their public school. The results show rapid response acquisition, skill generalization to a second restroom, and maintenance of the newly learned behavior. The present research provides evidence of a model for analyzing and training vocational skills to the mentally retarded.
104 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that two morphological patterns of hominid femora existed about two million years ago, and the strong mophological constrasts imply biomechanical and possible locomotor differences, although these are as yet unknown.
Abstract: Uni- and multivariate analyses of 5 fossil and 215 extant hominoid femora show that two morphological patterns of hominid femora existed about two million years ago. Femora classified as Homo sp. indet. (KNMER 1472 and 1481) are more like Homo sapiens although not identical. Those classified as Australopithecus robustus (SK 82 and 97) and A. boisei (KNM-ER 1503) are similar to one another but uniquely different from any living hominoid. The strong mophological constrasts imply biomechanical and possible locomotor differences, although these are as yet unknown.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a revolving plate-type biofilter was used to combine fish production, biofiltration, and hydroponics in a closed system of recirculating water, which was evaluated in terms of water quality, vegetative and fruit production of the tomatoes, and growth of the fish.
Abstract: Fish production, biofiltration, and hydroponics were linked in a closed system of recirculating water. Fish tanks were stocked with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the fish were fed daily. A revolving plate-type biofilter was used. Three field varieties of tomatoes (Lycopericon esculentum) were planted in outdoor hydroponic tanks. Three production units were operated during the 1976 growing season. All significant water quality variables were monitored. Performance was evaluated in terms of water quality, vegetative and fruit production of the tomatoes, and growth of the fish. Fish survival was high, but growth was below maximum because the temperature in the system was below optimum. The average loading rate of fish for the three units at harvest was 31.5 kg/unit, 489 g/tomato plant, 1.9 kg/m2 of hydroponic area, and 691 g/m2 of biofilter surface. Excellent water quality was maintained. The biofilter satisfactorily converted the waste to nitrate-N and phosphate-P and the hydroponic sys...
99 citations
TL;DR: A method for isolation of plasma membrane vesicles from human and boar spermatozoa using nitrogen cavitation is described, with significant differences in electrophoretic profiles of polypeptides from different regions of the spermatozoon.
Abstract: A method for isolation of plasma membrane vesicles from human and boar spermatozoa using nitrogen cavitation is described. The purity of the preparations were assessed by electron microscopy, marker enzyme assay and the sedimentation characteristics of fused plasma membrane-acrosomal membrane vesicles in sucrose gradients. PAGE-SDS profiles of plasma membrane polypeptides from boar spermatozoa were significantly different from those of human spermatozoa. Differences in electrophoretic profiles of polypeptides from different regions of the spermatozooon were also observed.
TL;DR: One component of the brain’s activity reflected hand preferences independently of hemispheric differences and other cortical components were identified which were sensitive to hemisphere differences, place of articulation cues, and formant bandwidth.
Abstract: Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from the left and right hemispheres of 10 adults who were listening to a series of auditory stimuli which varied along linguistic and acoustic dimensions. Discrete components of the brain’s electrical response to these different stimuli were isolated and identified. Phonetic distinctions based on transitional elements occurred only in the left hemisphere. Other cortical components were identified which were sensitive to hemisphere differences, place of articulation cues, and formant bandwidth. One component of the brain’s activity reflected hand preferences independently of hemispheric differences.
TL;DR: The authors compared the effect of type (image and issue) and length (5 minute and 60 second) of political television commercials in terms of candidate evaluation, recall of commercial content, and likelihood of voting for the candidate.
Abstract: Considerable controversy has arisen over the use in political campaigns ofshort, image-oriented television commercials. This study compared the effect of type (image and issue) and length (5 minute and 60 second) of political television commercials in terms of candidate evaluation, recall of commercial content, and likelihood of voting for the candidate. Issue commercials resulted in higher candidate evaluation while image commercials resulted in greater recall of content. Higher evaluation of the candidate was achieved by five-minute commercials, but no significant difference in content recall attributable to length was present. An interaction between type and length of commercials surfaced on the voting variable, and the 60-second issue commercial appeared to be slightly superior to other combinations.
TL;DR: In this paper, three possible sources of non-random but extraneous vairance in self-reported attitude data are considered: self-flattery, response set, and the approval motive.
Abstract: Self-reported attitude data over the last decade have often been used as predictors of attained second language proficiency and for other purposes. Three possible sources of non-random but extraneous vairance in self-reported attitude data are considered: self-flattery, response set, and the approval motive. It is suggested that some of the variance in verbal intelligence is common to variance in first and second language proficiency, some of which in turn may be common to the kinds of non-random sources of variance in self-reported data which are listed above. It is demonstrated that it is possible that self-reported attitude measures may be surreptitious measures of verbal intelligence and/or language proficiency. To the extent that extraneous non-random sources of variance in self-reported attitude measures can be shown to exist, the measures must be assumed to be non-valid.
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that nonverbal behavior has a significant effect on almost every rating made by interviewers in a 16-min interview, and that 23 of the 26 interviewers who saw the high nonverbal candidate would have invited him/her for a second interview.
TL;DR: In this paper, responses to the 60 BSRI items from 580 college students were factor analyzed and four factors were rotated to the Varimax criterion and evaluated for emotional expressiveness, instrumental acyclic, and emotional intelligence.
Abstract: In Study I responses to the 60 BSRI items from 580 college students were factor analyzed. Four fac tors were rotated to the Varimax criterion and la beled Emotional Expressiveness, Instrumental Ac ...
TL;DR: Morphometric data on the wrist joints of hominoid taxa have been compared and man is relatively similar to African apes in this factor while Asian apes are at the opposite extreme; cercopithecoids appear to be roughly intermediate.
TL;DR: In this article, the Hartshorne and May circles test was used to detect cheating behavior among 152 undergraduates under two situations: high threat, high supervision (HTHS) and low threat, low supervision (LTLS).
Abstract: Using the Hartshorne and May circles test, cheating behavior was detected among 152 undergraduates under two situations: high threat, high supervision (HTHS) and low threat, low supervision (LTLS). Rest’s Defining Test was used to assess level of moral development. Among all subjects and across both situations it was found that subjects high in moral development cheated less than other subjects (p >.01). However, it was also found that in the LTLS situation, subjects high in moral development were just as likely to cheat as subjects low in moral development. The implications of the findings for moral education and the cognitive developmental theory of moral development are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, two scales of the Inventory of Learning Processes, Synthesis Analysis and Study Methods, were used to assess the habits of promptly completing all assignments, attending all classes, and generally "studying" a lot.
Abstract: Two correlational investigations are described which are aimed at establishing the construct validity of the dimensions assessed by the scales of the Inventory of Learning Processes. The Synthesis- Analysis scale is assumed to assess "deep" (e.g., semantic) information-processing habits. It was positively related to critical thinking ability, curiosity, and both independent and conforming achievement-striving behaviors but negatively related to anxiety. The Study Methods scale is assumed to assess the habits of promptly completing all assignments, attending all classes, and generally "studying" a lot. It was positively related to curiosity and conforming types of achievement striving and negatively related to critical thinking ability. The fact that critical thinking ability is related positively to Synthesis- Analysis and negatively to Study Methods suggests that students with low critical thinking ability but high achievement motivation might substitute conventional repetitive study for "deep processing...
TL;DR: The chapter explores that cellular morphogenesis involves the interaction of many types of molecules and probably the activation of new genetic information in Mucor species, and examines the focus of that morphogenetic change—namely, the cell wall.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter summarizes the recent biochemical studies on various aspects of development in Mucor The asexual life cycle of Mucor can be divided into three stages: sporangiospore germination, vegetative growth, and sporangiospore formation Hyphal growth in Mucor racemosus, as in the other filamentous fungi, is characterized by apical growth of the cell wall Yeast growth in M racemosus is characterized by spherical multipolar budding cells with cell–wall synthesis uniformly distributed over the cell surface Several environmental factors influence dimorphism in Mucor In general, each factor acts equally well on sporangiospores or vegetative cells The chapter explores that cellular morphogenesis involves the interaction of many types of molecules and probably the activation of new genetic information One approach to the study of dimorphism in fungi has been to examine the focus of that morphogenetic change—namely, the cell wall Another approach, which seems more likely to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of “genetic” expression is to study synthesis of macromolecules The study of morphogenesis in Mucor species has the advantage that genetic studies are possible Many species of Mucor are heterothallic and—when mated under suitable conditions—produce sexual spores, called “zygospores”
TL;DR: Results have indicated that substance P has a major stimulating effect on the intestine by eliciting mechanical contraction and bursts of spike potentials, suggesting a possible physiological role of substance P in the modulation of intestinal longitudinal muscle motor activity.
TL;DR: Two objective measures of sexual arousal of women was compared by simultaneously recording vaginal blood volume by means of a photoplethysmograph and labial temperature during and after stimulation by an erotic film, indicating that both were valid measures ofSexual arousal.
TL;DR: The possible importance of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)I as a modulator of seizure susceptibility was suggested more than 20 years ago and several investigators employing several species have provided evidence that the seizure-facilitating effects of reserpine are due to the depletion of both catecholamines and 5-HT.
Abstract: The possible importance of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)I as a modulator of seizure susceptibility was suggested more than 20 years ago when Chen et al.1 observed seizure-facilitating effects of reserpine in mice subjected to electroshockor pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions. Since then, many investigators (for reviews, see References 2-5) employing several species have provided evidence that the seizure-facilitating effects of reserpine are due to the depletion of both catecholamines and 5-HT. Most attempts to elucidate the putative role of 5-HT in the convulsive process have involved pharmacologic manipulations of this amine. In these studies, seizure susceptibility has usually been examined after drug treatments designed either to increase or decrease the availability of 5-HT at central 5-HT receptors. Several laboratories have shown that treatments believed to increase the synaptic concentration of 5-HT reduce the susceptibility to experimentally induced seizures. For example, the systemic administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of 5-HT, in conjunction with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor e-4 or a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor: has been shown to either reduce seizure susceptibility or antagonize the reserpine-induced facilitation of seizures.1o. l1
TL;DR: The addition of the calcium ionophore A23 187 and calcium to washed ejaculated boar spermaio7oa initiates acrosomal membrane-plasma membrane fusion and vesiculation in about 9Of otreated cells.
Abstract: The addition of the calcium ionophore A23 187 and calcium to washed ejaculated boar spermaio7oa initiates acrosomal membrane-plasma membrane fusion and vesiculation in about 9Of otreated cells. Microlulaments measuring 5-9 nm form in the area of vesiculation and along unvesiculated plasma membrane. Microtubular-like structures are found associated with the inner acrosomal membrane in the area of vesiculation of acrosome reacted sperm. In a small percent of cases. the plasma membrane is removed in treated and untreated spermato?oa. In these sperm. microtubular-like structures are either associated with the equatorial segment oft he acrosome or lie between the postacrosomal sheath and the nuclear membrane.
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of the Delphi method for curriculum design in higher education is described, along with possible goals and objectives in a Delphi study, and the results of an actual case study of the application of Delphi for curriculum development are reported.
Abstract: This article reports on the use of the Delphi method for curriculum design in higher education. The basic Delphi methodology is outlined along with possible goals and objectives in a Delphi study. The results of an actual case study in the use of the Delphi method for curriculum development are reported. Attention is given to the problem of selecting participants for a Delphi exercise, followed by recommendations for future research.
TL;DR: A comparative study of the relative distribution of analcime, quartz, K-feldspar, Na-plagioclase, calcite, dolomite, and ankerite in the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation in the southern and western Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah is presented in this article.
Abstract: A comparative study of the relative distribution of analcime, quartz, K-feldspar, Na-plagioclase, calcite, dolomite, and ankerite shows variable partitioning of these minerals between the marginal-lacustrine and open-lacustrine lithofacies of the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation in the southern and western Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, and the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah. The variations correlate with changes in the depositional environments of ancient Lake Uinta. Four individual, but gradational, environments of deposition are recognized in the Parachute Creek Member: (1) deltaic lacustrine; (2) carbonate flat; (3) proximal open lacustrine; and (4) distal open lacustrine. Rocks from these depositional facies range from sandstone and algal limestone in the first two marginal-lacustrine environments to oil shale, tuff, and saline-mineral beds in the latter two open-lacustrine environments. Detrital quartz, K-feldspar, and Na-plagioclase are most abundant in channel-form sandstone beds in the deltaic-lacustrine facies. In the open-lacustrine facies where oil shale is dominant, these silicates are still abundant but are authigenic or diagenetic in origin. Analcime is found in fine-grained rocks in all environments but is least abundant in oil shale of the distal open-lacustrine environment where saline minerals such as nahcolite and halite are present. Calcite, dolomite, and ankerite show the most complex facies distribution. Calcite is apparently most abundant in the finegrained calcareous rocks intercalated with sandstone and algal limestone in the marginal-lacustrine facies, and it is least abundant in the distal oil shale. Dolomite is abundant throughout the Parachute Creek Member but is most abundant in the distal oil shale. Ankerite is also most abundant in the distal oil shale but is rare in marginal-lacustrine rocks. The overall zonation of the carbonate suggests that the more chemically complex types are found in the more basinward environments. Thus, the pattern for the carbonate distribution is a reflection of local biogeochemical and geochemical conditions and not the result of transportation of carbonate phases from a fringing mud-flat (playa fringe) environment.
TL;DR: The authors developed an American hermeneutic consciousness along the model characterized by Gadamer, which places in perspective the view of American scholars and reveals alternatives to current research inadequacies and, thus, has implications for future communication studies.
Abstract: American descriptions of the communicative process differ from hermeneutic descriptions in their assumed conception of human understanding. American studies have generally assumed a “reproductive” view of understanding — trying to discover means for avoiding intersubjective misunderstandings by eliminating prejudices. Gadamer presented a “productive” view — trying to increase understanding by developing a positive concept of prejudice and presenting the interaction structure as more fundamental than the interactants. Developing an American hermeneutic consciousness along the model characterized by Gadamer not only places in perspective the view of American scholars but reveals alternatives to current research inadequacies and, thus, has implications for future communication studies.
TL;DR: Lysis of the algae in distilled water and in media of less than 1 m NaCl, as well as failure of KCL, LiCl and CsCl to substitute for NaCl support the view that the alga is perhaps halophilic rather than only halotolerant.
Abstract: An axenic culture of an extremely halotolerant blue-green alga, Aphanothece halophytica (Chroococcaies), was obtained following a multi-step purification procedure. Effectiveness of purification procedures as a function of hypersalinity is discussed. Development of a defined medium and growth in NaCl up to saturation is reported. Changes in cellular morphology are concomitant to changes in salinity and other physico-chemical parameters. Lysis of the alga in distilled water and in media of less than 1 m NaCl, as well as failure of KCL, LiCl and CsCl to substitute for NaCl support the view that the alga is perhaps halophilic rather than only halotolerant.
TL;DR: Changes in the area, dry mass and morphology of nucleoli were studied during in vitro aging of WI-38 cells and a strong correlation (r = 0.92) between nucleolar drymass and nucleolar area was demonstrated.
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the target subjects, target behaviors, structure, and observation procedures of structured observation situations and considered methodological issues such as content validity, criterion-related validity, and threats to validity.