Showing papers by "Southern Illinois University Carbondale published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, a model of career decision-making for typical undergraduate college students is presented, which is limited to a specific stage in the life-span and to a relatively homogeneous environment.
614 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1979TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development ofEstimation Theory for Detection of Signals in Noise and Applications to Communication and Radar Systems, and its applications in Signals and Systems.
Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Signals and Systems 3 Detection Theory 4 Detection of Signals in Noise 5 Estimation Theory 6 Estimation of Waveforms 7 Further Topics in Detection and Estimation 8 Applications to Communication and Radar Systems 9 Miscellaneous Applications Appendix A: Bilateral Transforms Appendix B: Calculus of Extrema Appendix C: Vectors and Matrices Subject Index Author Index
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrative and expanded contextual model for investigating employee intentions to stay or leave an organization is proposed, with four structural/process variables (upward mobility, distributive jus...
Abstract: An integrative and expanded contextual model for investigating employee intentions to stay or leave an organization is proposed. Four structural/process variables (upward mobility, distributive jus...
197 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Howard et al. describe a potential confounding effect present in research designs which use self-report instruments, which is caused by a phenomenon that the authors call a "response shift" and the manner in which retrospective pretests may be used to deal with them.
Abstract: It is axiomatic that, given a choice between a self-report and a behavioral measure of the same phenomenon, researchers will choose the behavioral measure. Likewise, when behavioral and self-report indices of the same construct show substantial discrepancies, it is seen as a signal to suspect the self-report measure rather than the behavioral measure (cf. Nisbett & Wilson, 1977). Hence, we have the time-honored practice of utilizing a behavioral measure as a criterion to determine the validity of a self-report instrument. In many areas of research, however, good behavioral measures are unavailable or extremely difficult to obtain (cf. Webb, Campbell, Schwartz, & Sechrest, 1966). Instructors are well aware, for example, of the difficulties encountered when trying to measure the attainment of affective objectives, and frequently the only way to determine whether such objectives have been met is by having students report their preferences or values before and after a particular course. Thus, it becomes important that researchers develop the best possible self-report measures, statistical procedures for analyzing self-report data, and research designs that effectively employ them. Howard, Ralph, Gulanick, Maxwell, Nance, and Gerber (in press) describe a potential confounding effect present in research designs which use self-report instruments. The potential confounding is caused by a phenomenon that the authors call a "responseshift." This paper describes the theory of response-shifts and the manner in which retrospective pretests may be used to deal with them. While Howard et al. examine the phenomenon in group training settings, the study described in the present paper is designed to demonstrate it in a classroom setting. Considerable attention has been devoted to the development of research designs which can be applied to a wide range of research problems (e.g., Campbell & Stanley, 1963; Cook & Campbell, 1976). Each design can be evaluated with respect to the degree to which it controls for the various sources of internal and external invalidity. True experimental designs (Campbell and Stanley's designs 4, 5, and 6) are commonly thought to control for all threats to internal validity (Campbell & Stanley, 1963). Two factors which might cause internal invalidity are history (specific events occurring between the first and second measurement in addition to the experimental variable) and instrumentation (changes in the calibration of a measuring instrument or changes in raters' standards). Use of a control group allows one to ascertain changes due to history with multiple "blind" raters and randomized rating material equalizing the effects of instrument decay for both the treatment and control groups. Thus, when history and instrumentation are considered singly their detrimental effects are controlled in true experimental designs. However, when self-report instruments are used, it is the research subjects themselves who serve as raters, and since treatment subjects have different
151 citations
TL;DR: Convergent archeological, geological, palynological, dendrochronological, and radiometric data provide a paleoenvironmental record for the American Southwest at a level of detail and time resolution not previously achieved, suggesting that socioeconomic changes and population displacements were commonly triggered by environmental stress.
Abstract: Convergent archeological, geological, palynological, dendrochronological, and radiometric data provide a paleoenvironmental record for the American Southwest at a level of detail and time resolution not previously achieved. Many prehistoric cultural and demographic changes on the Colorado Plateaus coincided with environmental fluctuations defined by precisely dated geoclimatic and bioclimatic indicators. These coincidences support the interpretation that socioeconomic changes and population displacements were commonly triggered by environmental stress.
141 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that more than one generation of tubulobulbar complexes develop, and suggest that these structures may be the means by which abnormally shaped spermatids are retained and prevented from traversing the male duct system.
Abstract: The present study extends earlier findings (Russell and Cler-mont, '76) by describing additional details of the structure, relationships, distribution, origin, and fate of tubulobulbar complexes. Freeze-fracture and thin section observations reveal few membrane associated particles and no appreciable cell coat in the membranes forming the tubulobulbar complex. The opposing plasma membranes of the complex do not appear to form a junction, although junctional formation might be expected by the close proximity (4.0 nm apart) of the Sertoli and spermatid plasma membranes. Sertoli filaments of the network which encircle the tubular portion of the complex measure 5.0-7.0 nm across and appear to insert into the Sertoli plasma membrane. Tubulobulbar complexes initially form in association with a cell surface modification (bristle-coated pit) of the Sertoli plasma membrane. The first tubulobulbar complexes develop large bulbous components (up to 2.5μm across), which soon lose connection with the spermatid and become incorporated into large phagocytic vacuoles (secondary lysosomes). As bulbs undergo dissolution, newly formed tubulobulbar complexes are observed to replace these structures. Thus, the data indicate that more than one generation of tubulobulbar complexes develop. Moreover, the tubular and bulbous portions of most dissociating complexes (as well as neighboring Sertoli lysosomes) show acid phosphatase activity. Near the time of sperm release, all complexes at the concave aspect of the spermatid head are resorbed. New tubulobulbar complexes, many lacking terminal bulbous dilations, form at the dorsal and lateral aspects of the spermatid head. These persist even after all ectoplasmic specializations and most Sertoli cytoplasm have been withdrawn from a position facing the spermatid head. The presence of tubulobulbar complexes just prior to the time of sperm release is in support of previous findings indicating that tubulobulbar complexes participate in anchoring the head of the late spermatid prior to sperm release. Past the zone of sperm release a few abnormally shaped cells, which had not been released with other spermatids of the same generation, display intact tubulo-bulbar complexes. The persistence of these and other structures may be the means by which abnormally shaped spermatids are retained and prevented from traversing the male duct system.
135 citations
TL;DR: Data presented herein indicates that the amount of cy toplasm eliminated in this manner is substantial since the volume of spermatid cytoplasm diminishes by about 70% in the period of formation and resorption of tubulobulbar complexes.
Abstract: The traditional and generally accepted mode of elimination of excess spermatid cytoplasm, known to take place at the time of sperm release, occurs as a result of the disengagement of the residual cytoplasmic mass. The present study suggests that cytoplasm is also eliminated from the head region of the spermatid in the period prior to sperm release. Data presented herein indicates that the amount of cytoplasm eliminated in this manner is substantial since the volume of spermatid cytoplasm diminishes by about 70% in the period of formation and resorption of tubulobulbar complexes. Reports from this laboratory (Russell and Clermont, '76; Russell, '79) indicated that characteristic evaginations of spermatid cytoplasm, termed tubulobulbar complexes, are resorbed by Sertoli cells in the form of numerous small pockets of cytoplasm. These pockets of cytoplasm are organelle-free and show a “watery” consistency. They are subsequently degraded by the Sertoli cell prior to sperm release.
During the period of turnover of tubulobular complexes the organelles of the cytoplasmic lobe, which at first are loosely organized, become clustered and tightly packed. As a consequence, the cytoplasmic lobe appears electron dense and is stained intensely with toluidine blue. This feature is interpreted, although not proven, to be the result of elimination of the watery component of the cytoplasm via resorption of tubulobulbar complexes by the Sertoli cell. During the period in which tubulobulbar complexes form, there is an open channel in which cytoplasm may flow from the flagellum to the head and out the head into tubulobulbar complexes.
135 citations
TL;DR: A variety of treatment procedures was utilized to identify the origin and composition of the vesicles formed during the acrosome reaction of boar spermatozoa, and hybrid vesicle composed of roughly equal proportions of plasma and outer acrosomal membranes were identified.
Abstract: A variety of treatment procedures was utilized to identify the origin and composition of the vesicles formed during the acrosome reaction of boar spermatozoa. Whether the acrosome reaction occurred spontaneously or was induced chemically the vesicles were hybrid vesicles composed of roughly equal proportions of plasma and outer acrosomal membranes.
101 citations
TL;DR: This article found that the ILP scales of Synthesis-Analy sis, Fact Retention, and Elaborative Processing were significantly related to GPA and scores on the American College Testing (ACT) Program Assess ment.
Abstract: This study was concerned with the degree of re lationship between academic achievement, as as sessed by college grade-point average, and infor mation-processing habits relevant to learning, as as sessed by the scales of the Inventory of Learning Processes (ILP). The ILP scales of Synthesis-Analy sis, Fact Retention, and Elaborative Processing were significantly related to GPA and scores on the American College Testing (ACT) Program Assess ment. Thus, the successful student seems to process information in depth and encode it elaboratively, while simultaneously retaining the details of the original information. Unexpectedly, the Study Methods scale demonstrated a small but significant negative relationship with ACT scores. A path analysis suggested that the effects which Fact Re tention and Elaborative Processing have upon GPA are mainly direct, while the effect of Synthesis- Analysis is mostly interpreted by ACT.
96 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that tubulobulbar complexes develop and undergo regressive changes during the spermatogenic cycle and small fragments of cytoplasm and plasma membrane are lost from one SERToli cell as a result of the degradative processes occurring in a neighboring Sertoli cell.
Abstract: Structures termed tubulobulbar complexes are known to be formed by adjoining Sertoli cells at the level of the blood-testis barrier (Russell and Clermont, '76). Here, long (2-4 micrometer) tubular evaginations of one Sertoli cell, which end in bulbous dilations, are seen in corresponding invaginations of a neighboring Sertoli cell. In most regions of the tubular and bulbous portions of the complex, the Sertoli plasma membranes were found to be separated by a 4-5-nm intercellular space, but in some areas the membranes converged to form tight and gap junctions. The numbers, distribution and properties of tubulobulbar complexes were studied in relation to the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. From the data obtained it was concluded that tubulobulbar complexes develop and undergo regressive changes during the spermatogenic cycle. Most complexes arise during the early stages of the cycle (Stages II-V) and develop large bulbous endings. Developing tubulobulbar complexes consist of short evaginations of one Sertoli cell which face a bristle-coated pit of the opposing Sertoli cell. At midcycle (Stages VI-VII) most show regressive changes and are eventually resorbed as a consequence of the action of nearby Sertoli lysosomes. Once resorbed, the probability of seeing a tubulobulbar complex in thin sections decreases from 4- to 8-fold. The few tubulobulbar complexes which remain past this period (Stages VII-XIV-I) usually lack bulbous endings and are fequently seen above type A spermatogonia. The data suggest that small fragments of cytoplasm and plasma membrane (including junctional surfaces) are lost from one Sertoli cell as a result of the degradative processes occurring in a neighboring Sertoli cell. Tubulobulbar resorption is discussed in relation to the impending breakdown of the blood-testis barrier above spermatocytes as these cells move upward. The possible significance of the cyclic resorption of tight and gap junctional sites between Sertoli cells is also discussed.
93 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that these intercellular membrane specializations are gap junctions which occur within regions of plasma membrane that also exhibit adherens-like modifications.
Abstract: Ultrastructural observations of rat seminiferous tubules show clearly the presence of plasma membrane junctions between Sertoli and germ cells in the basal and adluminal compartments. Results obtained from the freeze fracture and thin section techniques were correlated in order to elucidate the nature of these intercellular junctions. We suggest that these intercellular membrane specializations are gap junctions which occur within regions of plasma membrane that also exhibit adherenslike modifications.
TL;DR: A review of the book "Task Design and Employee Motivation" by Ramon J. Aldag and Arthur P. Brief is given in this article, where the authors present a review of their work.
Abstract: This article presents a review of the book “Task Design and Employee Motivation,” by Ramon J. Aldag and Arthur P. Brief.
TL;DR: The morphologic changes accompanying the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, as it is induced by the antibiotic A23187 and calcium ions, are described and it is possible that these agents may be useful in the study of certain causes of infertility.
TL;DR: Although the genital reactions of most subjects subsided to some extent following the film, none of the three measures consistently returned to prestimulation levels, and periodic estimates of subjective levels of sexual arousal were significantly correlated with each of the genital measures during the erotic film but were not significantly correlation with any after the film.
Abstract: The relationship among three objective measures of genital vasocongestion in women was evaluated both during and after an erotic film using simultaneous recording of both vaginal pressure pulse and vaginal blood volume responses by means of photoplethysmography and of labial temperature change by means of a thermistor clip. During the film each of the genital measures increased for most subjects, resulting in highly significant positive correlations between measures. However, following the erotic film presentation there was considerably less direct correspondence among the three measures; although the genital reactions of most subjects subsided to some extent following the film, none of the three measures consistently returned to prestimulation levels. Periodic estimates of subjective levels of sexual arousal were significantly correlated with each of the genital measures during the erotic film but were not significantly correlated with any after the film.
TL;DR: Factor analysis of a revised Behavior Problem Checklist for a sample of preschool children yielded six oblique primary factors and two orthogonal second-order factors that were correlated with activity level, gross- and fine-motor incoordination, minor physical anomalies, and sociability.
Abstract: Factor analysis of a revised Behavior Problem Checklist for a sample of preschool children yielded six oblique primary factors and two orthogonal second-order factors. Scores on these factors were correlated with activity level, gross- and fine-motor incoordination, minor physical anomalies, and sociability. There were sex differences and factor differences in the resulting patterns of correlations. The patterns of correlations also indicated that the six primary factors could be collapsed into two broad (Conduct and Personality) and two narrow (Distractibility and Attention Seeking) factors.
TL;DR: This experiment presents a model for analyzing community living skills and teaching them to mentally retarded adolescents, and demonstrated the combined effectiveness of an objectively validated, detailed task analysis; graduated sequence of prompts; and response consequences in training and maintaining communityliving skills with mentally retarded youths.
Abstract: This experiment presents a model for analyzing community living skills and teaching them to mentally retarded adolescents. A task analysis of three mending skills was developed and validated, aided by consultation with persons having expertise in home economics and mental retardation. The task analysis was modified to compensate for the constraints imposed by the trainees' disabilities. Five moderately retarded youths received training on sewing hems, buttons, and seams. Sewing skills were acquired rapidly and maintained. The behavior generalized from trained to untrained tasks on their common components for all subjects. A multiple baseline across participants combined with a multiple baseline across responses demonstrated the combined effectiveness of an objectively validated, detailed task analysis; graduated sequence of prompts; and response consequences in training and maintaining community living skills with mentally retarded adolescents.
TL;DR: Data are obtained which support a hypothesis that the primary source of mercury in fish flesh in new impoundments may often be natural rather than anthropogenic, and a subsequent conclusion is that the problem will be short-term.
Abstract: That high levels of mercury are often found in fish flesh in new impoundments is well-known; however, the source(s) of the mercury is typically not identified. From the present study, data are obtained which support a hypothesis that the primary source may often be natural rather than anthropogenic. A subsequent conclusion is that the problem will be short-term; within ca. 5 years the mercury levels in fish in such systems should be normal.
TL;DR: In this article, five educational groups, composed of a total of 369 students, ranging from high school freshmen to college juniors, were administered the Career Decision Questionnaire, a scale designed to measure antecedents of educational-vocational indecision.
TL;DR: None of the samples used in this study were sexed with the same rate of accuracy either achieved or predicted by Thieme and Schull, but two samples did reach 91% or better and suggest that the methods employed have considerable value if used with appropriate precautions.
Abstract: Techniques for accurately determining the sex of skeletal material are invaluable to workers concerned with the identification of human remains. Well-known methods that have been employed include traditional qualitative evaluations of morphological characteristics and statistical analyses of metrical data [1–10]. Some measurements have been found to be more valuable discriminators than others, showing that sexual dimorphism differs according to the measurements [11–15].
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify four distinctive lithofacies in the section: (I) graded, thin-bedded mudstone and fine-grained sandstone; (II) moderately thin-bounded sandstone, (III) graded and nongraded, thick-bedding, commonly scoured and amalgamated sandstones; and (IV) normally and inversely graded, coarse-to-fine sandstone.
Abstract: Near Coalinga, California, about 8.5 km of feldspathic and lithic siliciclastic strata of the Great Valley sequence is exposed along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. There are four distinctive lithofacies in the section. These include: (I) graded, thin-bedded mudstone and fine-grained sandstone; (II) graded, moderately thin-bedded sandstone; (III) graded and nongraded, thick-bedded, commonly scoured and amalgamated sandstone; and (IV) normally and inversely graded and nongraded, thick-bedded conglomerate. Lithofacies I and II consist of low- and intermediate-energy turbidite deposits, including distal fan, overbank, and, possibly, contourite deposits. Lithofacies III consists of high-energy turbidite, subaqueous debris-flow, and grain-flow deposits, most of which are restricted to fan channel systems. Lithofacies IV contains predominantly subaqueous debris-flow deposits confined in fan channels.
Primary sedimentary structures indicate that sediments were transported from the east and northeast, and the facies pattern indicates deposition mainly on a subsea fan. Furthermore, the sequence of facies is suprafan lobe over midfan over upper fan, indicating that the deposit is retrogradational toward the source, the Sierra Nevada magmatic arc.
Seven stratigraphically delimited petrofacies units, defined by the quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and total lithic fragment QFL percentages,[1][1] and the ratio of metamorphic to volcanic rock fragments (M/V), occur in the sand-size fraction. Throughout the section, the QFL percentage of total quartz is about 30, and that of K-feldspar is below 7 except for the uppermost petrofacies unit. The following units are recognized in terms of the aforementioned parameters: (1) Joaquin Ridge, 1.5 km (Campanian), 20% K-feldspar, low plagioclase (25%), low lithics (20%), and low M/V ratio (0.13); (2) Upper Los Gatos Creek, 1 km [Santonian-Coniacian(?)], high plagioclase (43%), low total lithics (21%), and moderate M/V ratio (0.59); (3) Lower Los Gatos Creek, 1 km (Turronian), moderate plagioclase (31%), total lithics (33%), and M/V ratio (0.78); (4) Studhorse, 1 km (Cenomanian), moderate plagioclase (27%) and total lithics (43%), and high M/V ratio (1.35); (5) Grabast, 1.5 km [Albian(?)], moderate plagioclase (27%), total lithics (40%), and M/V ratio (0.63); (6) Center Peak, 0.7 km [Aptian(?)-Albian(?)], low plagioclase (22%), high total lithics (51%), and low M/V ratio (0.19); and (7) Gravelly Flat, 0.7 km (Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous), moderately high plagioclase (33%), moderate total lithics (44%), low M/V ratio (0.16), and also extensive epidotization. The Lower Los Gatos Creek and lower units contain diagenetic matrix including chlorite and, locally, laumontite.
In addition, the detrital petrology records events associated with the evolution of the Sierran batholith — in particular, the three late Mesozoic magmatic epochs. The detrital petrology indicates that extensive volcanism preceded, or accompanied, the start of each magmatic epoch. As emplacement of the plutons proceeded, the volcanic cover was generally stripped off, exposing older terranes as well as the terrane produced by that particular magmatic episode. Plutons of the Yosemite epoch were emplaced under and into a sedimentary-volcanic terrane, whereas the plutons of the Huntington Lake intrusive epoch were emplaced in a metamorphic terrane. Lastly, the K-feldspar–bearing sandstones of the Joaquin Ridge petrofacies record unroofing of plutons of the Cathedral Range epoch, plutons which were the most potassic and which were emplaced in an older plutonic terrane.
[1]: #fn-1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the convergent and discriminant validity of selected measures of global self-esteem and social selfesteem, using the multitrait-multimethod design.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of black water stratification were observed in a strip mine lake, one occurring throughout the anoxic zone and the other occurring in the upper part of the lake, while iron and alkalinity were high throughout this zone.
01 Sep 1979
TL;DR: This paper investigated the feasibility of a behaviorally oriented intervention program with atopic dermatitis, 12 patients were exposed to a fixed sequence of treatment phases including a no-treatment baseline phase, a phase incorporating nonspecific treatment factors, and a phase involving frontal electromyographic (EMG) feedback and relaxation instructions.
Abstract: To investigate the feasibility of a behaviorally oriented intervention program with atopic dermatitis, 12 patients were exposed to a fixed sequence of treatment phases including a no-treatment baseline phase, a phase incorporating nonspecific treatment factors, and a phase involving frontal electromyographic (EMG) feedback and relaxation instructions. Photographic analyses of involved skin areas revealed significant remission of dermatological problems across the entire program, although significant changes could not be attributable to any specific phase. Ratings of itching level decreased within but not across treatment sessions, and variable correlations across subjects were found between frontal EMG and itching level. MMPI results from the dermatitis subjects were within normal limits. Overall, the results provided mixed support for the hypothesis that atopic dermatitis may be amenable to intervention through behaviorally oriented treatment procedures.
TL;DR: Auditory evoked responses were recorded from scalp locations over the left and right temporal regions in response to CVC words and nonsense syllables and various components of the AER were found to vary systematically with changes in stimulus meaning.
TL;DR: In this paper, Lopoy, a large lakeside fishing and pastoralist settlement, is discussed in terms of eastern Nilotic pre-history, and the archaeological data agrees with the independent findings of historical linguistics.
Abstract: Recent archaeological research conducted west of Lake Turkana, Kenya has shed new light on the prehistory of eastern Cushitic and Nilotic speakers in East Africa. The Namoratunga cemetery and rock art sites, dated to about 300 B.C., are clearly related to the prehistory of Eastern Cushitic speakers. The newly defined Turkwell cultural tradition, dated to the first millennium a.d., is associated with eastern Nilotic prehistory. Lopoy, a large lakeside fishing and pastoralist settlement, is discussed in terms of eastern Nilotic prehistory. The archaeological data agrees with the independent findings of historical linguistics.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that hydrogen (deuterium) in the modifying molecule is involved in the geometry determining transition state, and a substantial increase in asymmetric induction was accomplished by paying careful attention to modification and hydrogenation variables.
TL;DR: This paper examined the impact of a death and dying workshop on individual attitudes toward life and death and found that participants' attitudes toward death and death were influenced by their own experiences with death.
Abstract: This research examined the impact of a death and dying workshop on individual attitudes toward life and death. The workshop was a voluntary eight-hour, small group experience conducted for heteroge...
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of anti-social spectators' behavior on the performance of home and visiting college varsity basketball teams were evaluated during 12 intercollegiate basketball games.
Abstract: This study determined the effects of anti-social spectators' behavior on the performance of home and visiting college varsity basketball teams. Spectators' behavior was observed during 12 intercollegiate basketball games and specific categories of abusive, anti-social behavior were identified. The number of violations assessed by both teams was monitored and the nature and moment of each occurrence was noted along with a description of the specific type of behavior. Five-min. intervals of running time were noted, beginning immediately with the onset of aggression from the audience. During periods of normal crowd behavior the home team had significantly fewer violations than the visitors. During intervals of anti-social behavior from the audience the home team incurred significantly more violations than the visiting team and significantly more violations than during periods of normal behavior by the audience. There was no significant change in the number of violations by the visiting team during either typ...