Spanish National Research Council

About: Spanish National Research Council is a government organization based out in Madrid, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 79563 authors who have published 220470 publications receiving 7698991 citations. The organization is also known as: CSIC & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.

Effect of ultrasound on the technological properties and bioactivity of food: a review.

Abstract: This review is a comprehensive survey on the latest and more recent applications of ultrasound (US) on technological properties and bioactivity of food. Apart from a brief discussion on the fundamentals of ultrasound technology, examples have been set out on the physical effects of US on the improvement of food technological properties such as emulsification ability, solubility and texture, as well as on applications such as homogenization, viscosity alteration, extraction, drying, crystallization and defoaming. Among them, special emphasis has been placed on ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). Nowadays, developments in ultrasonic equipment are such that it is feasible to consider commercial opportunities based on industrial-scale ultrasonic-aided extraction of bioactives, with worthwhile economics gains. Additionally, the initial restrictions associated to ultrasonically generated radicals in UAE have now been explored to enhance the functionality of some types of food. Finally, and despite the improved equipment design and the higher efficiencies of US systems currently used for other applications, a better understanding of the complex physicochemical mechanism of the action of high-intensity ultrasound and its effect on technological and functional properties of food would also contribute to reinforce the future presence of ultrasonic technologies in the food industry.

The Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Abstract: This paper describes the Fifth Data Release (DR5) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). DR5 includes all survey quality data taken through 2005 June and represents the completion of the SDSS-I project (whose successor, SDSS-II, will continue through mid-2008). It includes five-band photometric data for 217 million objects selected over 8000 deg^2 and 1,048,960 spectra of galaxies, quasars, and stars selected from 5713 deg^2 of that imaging data. These numbers represent a roughly 20% increment over those of the Fourth Data Release; all the data from previous data releases are included in the present release. In addition to "standard" SDSS observations, DR5 includes repeat scans of the southern equatorial stripe, imaging scans across M31 and the core of the Perseus Cluster of galaxies, and the first spectroscopic data from SEGUE, a survey to explore the kinematics and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. The catalog database incorporates several new features, including photometric redshifts of galaxies, tables of matched objects in overlap regions of the imaging survey, and tools that allow precise computations of survey geometry for statistical investigations.

Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Compounds: Photocatalysts for Redox Reactions and Solar Fuel Production.

Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials formed from bi- or multipodal organic linkers and transition-metal nodes. Some MOFs have high structural stability, combined with large flexibility in design and post-synthetic modification. MOFs can be photoresponsive through light absorption by the organic linker or the metal oxide nodes. Photoexcitation of the light absorbing units in MOFs often generates a ligand-to-metal charge-separation state that can result in photocatalytic activity. In this Review we discuss the advantages and uniqueness that MOFs offer in photocatalysis. We present the best practices to determine photocatalytic activity in MOFs and for the deposition of co-catalysts. In particular we give examples showing the photocatalytic activity of MOFs in H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, photooxygenation, and photoreduction.