Institution
Spanish National Research Council
Government•Madrid, Spain•
About: Spanish National Research Council is a government organization based out in Madrid, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 79563 authors who have published 220470 publications receiving 7698991 citations. The organization is also known as: CSIC & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Catalysis, Stars, Gene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The Unruh effect has played a crucial role in our understanding that the particle content of a field theory is observer dependent as mentioned in this paper, which is important in its own right and as a way to understand the phenomenon of particle emission from black holes and cosmological horizons.
Abstract: It has been $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{years}$ since the discovery of the Unruh effect. It has played a crucial role in our understanding that the particle content of a field theory is observer dependent. This effect is important in its own right and as a way to understand the phenomenon of particle emission from black holes and cosmological horizons. The Unruh effect is reviewed here with particular emphasis on its applications. A number of recent developments are also commented on and some controversies are discussed. Effort is also made to clarify what seem to be common misconceptions.
795 citations
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Scripps Institution of Oceanography1, University of California, Santa Barbara2, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration3, San Diego State University4, Princeton University5, Florida Museum of Natural History6, United States Fish and Wildlife Service7, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research8, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute9, Spanish National Research Council10
TL;DR: Protection from overfishing and pollution appears to increase the resilience of reef ecosystems to the effects of global warming, and reefs without people exhibited less coral disease and greater coral recruitment relative to more inhabited reefs.
Abstract: Effective conservation requires rigorous baselines of pristine conditions to assess the impacts of human activities and to evaluate the efficacy of management. Most coral reefs are moderately to severely degraded by local human activities such as fishing and pollution as well as global change, hence it is difficult to separate local from global effects. To this end, we surveyed coral reefs on uninhabited atolls in the northern Line Islands to provide a baseline of reef community structure, and on increasingly populated atolls to document changes associated with human activities. We found that top predators and reef-building organisms dominated unpopulated Kingman and Palmyra, while small planktivorous fishes and fleshy algae dominated the populated atolls of Tabuaeran and Kiritimati. Sharks and other top predators overwhelmed the fish assemblages on Kingman and Palmyra so that the biomass pyramid was inverted (top-heavy). In contrast, the biomass pyramid at Tabuaeran and Kiritimati exhibited the typical bottom-heavy pattern. Reefs without people exhibited less coral disease and greater coral recruitment relative to more inhabited reefs. Thus, protection from overfishing and pollution appears to increase the resilience of reef ecosystems to the effects of global warming.
795 citations
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TL;DR: The results support a model for ABA affecting JA biosynthesis in the activation of defenses against this oomycete, and reveal an unexpected overrepresentation of ABA response elements in promoters of P. irregulare–responsive genes.
Abstract: Analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana defense response to the damping-off oomycete pathogen Pythium irregulare show that resistance to P. irregulare requires a multicomponent defense strategy. Penetration represents a first layer, as indicated by the susceptibility of pen2 mutants, followed by recognition, likely mediated by ERECTA receptor-like kinases. Subsequent signaling of inducible defenses is predominantly mediated by jasmonic acid (JA), with insensitive coi1 mutants showing extreme susceptibility. In contrast with the generally accepted roles of ethylene and salicylic acid cooperating with or antagonizing, respectively, JA in the activation of defenses against necrotrophs, both are required to prevent disease progression, although much less so than JA. Meta-analysis of transcriptome profiles confirmed the predominant role of JA in activation of P. irregulare–induced defenses and uncovered abscisic acid (ABA) as an important regulator of defense gene expression. Analysis of cis-regulatory sequences also revealed an unexpected overrepresentation of ABA response elements in promoters of P. irregulare–responsive genes. Subsequent infections of ABA-related and callose-deficient mutants confirmed the importance of ABA in defense, acting partly through an undescribed mechanism. The results support a model for ABA affecting JA biosynthesis in the activation of defenses against this oomycete.
795 citations
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TL;DR: The role of crucial cellular nucleophiles, such as glutathione, and their capacity to interact with oxidants and to establish networks with other critical enzymes such as peroxiredoxins are focused on.
Abstract: Redox biological reactions are now accepted to bear the Janus faceted feature of promoting both physiological signaling responses and pathophysiological cues. Endogenous antioxidant molecules participate in both scenarios. This review focuses on the role of crucial cellular nucleophiles, such as glutathione, and their capacity to interact with oxidants and to establish networks with other critical enzymes such as peroxiredoxins. We discuss the importance of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway as an example of a transcriptional antioxidant response and we summarize transcriptional routes related to redox activation. As examples of pathophysiological cellular and tissular settings where antioxidant responses are major players we highlight endoplasmic reticulum stress and ischemia reperfusion. Topologically confined redox-mediated post-translational modifications of thiols are considered important molecular mechanisms mediating many antioxidant responses, whereas redox-sensitive microRNAs have emerged as key players in the posttranscriptional regulation of redox-mediated gene expression. Understanding such mechanisms may provide the basis for antioxidant-based therapeutic interventions in redox-related diseases.
794 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the fate and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants, especially focusing on their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) in the aquatic environment, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, byproducts of drinking-water disinfection, sunscreens or UV filters, benzotriazoles and naphthalenic acids.
Abstract: There has been a great effort to study the fate, the occurrence and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. Recently, several articles have focused on degradation products of emerging pollutants and the study of their toxicological effects. We review the fate and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants, especially focusing on their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) in the aquatic environment, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, by-products of drinking-water disinfection, sunscreens or UV filters, benzotriazoles and naphthalenic acids. We describe analytical methodologies for the quantitative analysis of emerging pollutants, their metabolites, and their TPs in sewage and surface waters, and we give the results of monitoring surveys obtained from the application of these analytical methodologies.
793 citations
Authors
Showing all 79686 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
George Efstathiou | 187 | 637 | 156228 |
Peidong Yang | 183 | 562 | 144351 |
H. S. Chen | 179 | 2401 | 178529 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Andrea Bocci | 172 | 2402 | 176461 |
Adrian L. Harris | 170 | 1084 | 120365 |
Gang Chen | 167 | 3372 | 149819 |
Gregory J. Hannon | 165 | 421 | 140456 |
Alvaro Pascual-Leone | 165 | 969 | 98251 |
Jorge E. Cortes | 163 | 2784 | 124154 |
Dongyuan Zhao | 160 | 872 | 106451 |
John B. Goodenough | 151 | 1064 | 113741 |
David D'Enterria | 150 | 1592 | 116210 |
A. Gomes | 150 | 1862 | 113951 |