Spanish National Research Council

About: Spanish National Research Council is a government organization based out in Madrid, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 79563 authors who have published 220470 publications receiving 7698991 citations. The organization is also known as: CSIC & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.

Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB by Rho, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins.

Abstract: The Rho family of small GTPases are critical elements involved in the regulation of signal transduction cascades from extracellular stimuli to the cell nucleus, including the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway, the c-/os serum response factor, and the p70 S6 kinase. Here we report a novel signaling pathway activated by the Rho proteins that may be responsible for their biological activities, including cytoskeleton organization, transformation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The human RhoA, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins efficiently induce the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) by a mechanism that involves phosphorylation of iKBa and translocation of p50/p50 and p50/p65 dimers to the nucleus, but independent of the Ras GTPase and the Raf-1 kinase. We also show that activation of NF-KB by TNFa depends on CDC42 and RhoA, but not Rac-1 proteins, because this activity is drastically inhibited by their respective dominant-negative mutants. In contrast, activation of NF-KB by UV light was not affected by Rho, CDC42, or Rac-1 dominant-negative mutants. Thus, members of the Rho family of GTPases are involved specifically in the regulation of NF-KB-dependent transcription.

OmpSs: A proposal for programming heterogeneous multi-core architectures

Abstract: In this paper, we present OmpSs, a programming model based on OpenMP and StarSs, that can also incorporate the use of OpenCL or CUDA kernels. We evaluate the proposal on different architectures, SMP, GPUs, and hybrid SMP/GPU environments, showing the wide usefulness of the approach. The evaluation is done with six different benchmarks, Matrix Multiply, BlackScholes, Perlin Noise, Julia Set, PBPI and FixedGrid. We compare the results obtained with the execution of the same benchmarks written in OpenCL or OpenMP, on the same architectures. The results show that OmpSs greatly outperforms both environments. With the use of OmpSs the programming environment is more flexible than traditional approaches to exploit multiple accelerators, and due to the simplicity of the annotations, it increases programmer's productivity.

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration

Abstract: We present the calibration and reduction of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5–11 observing campaign. These global very long baseline interferometric observations include for the first time the highly sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA); reaching an angular resolution of 25 μas, with characteristic sensitivity limits of ~1 mJy on baselines to ALMA and ~10 mJy on other baselines. The observations present challenges for existing data processing tools, arising from the rapid atmospheric phase fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array. In response, we developed three independent pipelines for phase calibration and fringe detection, each tailored to the specific needs of the EHT. The final data products include calibrated total intensity amplitude and phase information. They are validated through a series of quality assurance tests that show consistency across pipelines and set limits on baseline systematic errors of 2% in amplitude and 1° in phase. The M87 data reveal the presence of two nulls in correlated flux density at ~3.4 and ~8.3 Gλ and temporal evolution in closure quantities, indicating intrinsic variability of compact structure on a timescale of days, or several light-crossing times for a few billion solar-mass black hole. These measurements provide the first opportunity to image horizon-scale structure in M87.

A Statistical Measure of Complexity

Abstract: In this chapter, a statistical measure of complexity is introduced and some of its properties are discussed. Also, some straightforward applications are shown.

Benthic suspension feeders: their paramount role in littoral marine food webs.

Abstract: In recent years, particular attention has been paid to coupling and energy transfer between benthos and plankton. Because of their abundance, certain benthic suspension feeders have been shown to have a major impact in marine ecosystems. They capture large quantities of particles and might directly regulate primary production and indirectly regulate secondary production in littoral food chains. Suspension feeders develop dense, three-dimensional communities whose structural complexity depends on flow speed. It has been postulated that these communities can self-organize to enhance food capture and thus establish boundary systems capable of successfully exploiting a less structured system, namely, the plankton.