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Institution

Spanish National Research Council

GovernmentMadrid, Spain
About: Spanish National Research Council is a government organization based out in Madrid, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 79563 authors who have published 220470 publications receiving 7698991 citations. The organization is also known as: CSIC & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Catalysis, Stars, Star formation


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electronic structure and Landau levels of multi-layer GAs with different stacking orders were analyzed, and it was shown that electrostatic effects can induce a strongly divergent density of states in bi-and tri-layers, reminiscent of one-dimensional systems.
Abstract: We analyze, within a minimal model that allows analytical calculations, the electronic structure and Landau levels of graphene multi-layers with different stacking orders. We find, among other results, that electrostatic effects can induce a strongly divergent density of states in bi- and tri-layers, reminiscent of one-dimensional systems. The density of states at the surface of semi-infinite stacks, on the other hand, may vanish at low energies, or show a band of surface states, depending on the stacking order.

554 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By characterizing the target sequence specificity of 63 plant TFs representing 25 families, using protein-binding microarrays, the data support the correlation between cis-regulatory elements in vivo and the sequence determined in vitro and provides a framework to explore regulatory networks in plants.
Abstract: Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression through binding to cis-regulatory specific sequences in the promoters of their target genes. In contrast to the genetic code, the transcriptional regulatory code is far from being deciphered and is determined by sequence specificity of TFs, combinatorial cooperation between TFs and chromatin competence. Here we addressed one of these determinants by characterizing the target sequence specificity of 63 plant TFs representing 25 families, using protein-binding microarrays. Remarkably, almost half of these TFs recognized secondary motifs, which in some cases were completely unrelated to the primary element. Analyses of coregulated genes and transcriptomic data from TFs mutants showed the functional significance of over 80% of all identified sequences and of at least one target sequence per TF. Moreover, combining the target sequence information with coexpression analysis we could predict the function of a TF as activator or repressor through a particular DNA sequence. Our data support the correlation between cis-regulatory elements and the sequence determined in vitro using the protein-binding microarray and provides a framework to explore regulatory networks in plants.

553 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The function of biochar as an “electron shuttle” that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.
Abstract: Agricultural soils represent the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Recently, interactions of black carbon with the nitrogen cycle have been recognized and the use of biochar is being investigated as a means to reduce N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms of reduction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate the significant impact of biochar on denitrification, with a consistent decrease in N2O emissions by 10–90% in 14 different agricultural soils. Using the 15N gas-flux method we observed a consistent reduction of the N2O/(N2 + N2O) ratio, which demonstrates that biochar facilitates the last step of denitrification. Biochar acid buffer capacity was identified as an important aspect for mitigation that was not primarily caused by a pH shift in soil. We propose the function of biochar as an “electron shuttle” that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.

552 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review considers several aspects that should be investigated at a molecular level in order to gain a whole understanding of the different mechanisms by which the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis protects the host plants against the detrimental effects of water deficit.
Abstract: Water deficit is considered one of the most important abiotic factors limiting plant growth and yield in many areas on earth. Several eco-physiological studies have demonstrated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis often results in altered rates of water movement into, through and out of the host plants, with consequent effects on tissue hydration and plant physiology. It is now accepted that the contribution of AM symbiosis to plant drought tolerance is the result of accumulative physical, nutritional, physiological and cellular effects. This review considers several aspects that should be investigated at a molecular level in order to gain a whole understanding of the different mechanisms by which the AM symbiosis protects the host plants against the detrimental effects of water deficit.

552 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first BioCreAtIvE assessment provided state-of-the-art performance results for a basic task (gene name finding and normalization), where the best systems achieved a balanced 80% precision / recall or better, which potentially makes them suitable for real applications in biology.
Abstract: The goal of the first BioCreAtIvE challenge (Critical Assessment of Information Extraction in Biology) was to provide a set of common evaluation tasks to assess the state of the art for text mining applied to biological problems. The results were presented in a workshop held in Granada, Spain March 28–31, 2004. The articles collected in this BMC Bioinformatics supplement entitled "A critical assessment of text mining methods in molecular biology" describe the BioCreAtIvE tasks, systems, results and their independent evaluation. BioCreAtIvE focused on two tasks. The first dealt with extraction of gene or protein names from text, and their mapping into standardized gene identifiers for three model organism databases (fly, mouse, yeast). The second task addressed issues of functional annotation, requiring systems to identify specific text passages that supported Gene Ontology annotations for specific proteins, given full text articles. The first BioCreAtIvE assessment achieved a high level of international participation (27 groups from 10 countries). The assessment provided state-of-the-art performance results for a basic task (gene name finding and normalization), where the best systems achieved a balanced 80% precision / recall or better, which potentially makes them suitable for real applications in biology. The results for the advanced task (functional annotation from free text) were significantly lower, demonstrating the current limitations of text-mining approaches where knowledge extrapolation and interpretation are required. In addition, an important contribution of BioCreAtIvE has been the creation and release of training and test data sets for both tasks. There are 22 articles in this special issue, including six that provide analyses of results or data quality for the data sets, including a novel inter-annotator consistency assessment for the test set used in task 2.

552 citations


Authors

Showing all 79686 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Guido Kroemer2361404246571
George Efstathiou187637156228
Peidong Yang183562144351
H. S. Chen1792401178529
David R. Williams1782034138789
Andrea Bocci1722402176461
Adrian L. Harris1701084120365
Gang Chen1673372149819
Gregory J. Hannon165421140456
Alvaro Pascual-Leone16596998251
Jorge E. Cortes1632784124154
Dongyuan Zhao160872106451
John B. Goodenough1511064113741
David D'Enterria1501592116210
A. Gomes1501862113951
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20241
202371
2022463
202111,933
202012,584
201911,596