St Bartholomew's Hospital

About: St Bartholomew's Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 11054 authors who have published 13229 publications receiving 501102 citations. The organization is also known as: St. Bartholomew's Hospital & The Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew.

Initial response and subsequent course of Crohn's disease treated with elemental diet or prednisolone.

Abstract: Elemental diet is as effective as corticosteroids in the treatment of previously untreated Crohn's disease. It is unclear whether a poor nutritional state is a prerequisite for efficacy of elemental diet, whether previously treated patients respond as well, or how duration of remission using elemental diet compares with corticosteroid induced remission. Forty two patients with active Crohn's disease were stratified for nutritional state and randomised to receive Vivonex TEN 2.1 l/day for four weeks, or 0.75 mg prednisolone/kg/day for two weeks and subsequent reducing doses. Nine of 22 (41%) patients assigned to nutritional treatment were intolerant of the diet. Thirty patients completed four weeks treatment. Disease activity decreased on elemental diet from mean (SEM) 4.8 (0.9) to 1.7 (0.6), p < 0.05, and on prednisolone from 5.3 (0.5) to 1.9 (0.6), p < 0.05. For each treatment, nourished and malnourished patients responded similarly. Patients with longstanding disease responded as well as newly diagnosed patients. The probability of maintaining remission at six months was 0.67 after prednisolone, 0.28 after elemental diet, and at one year was 0.35 after prednisolone and 0.09 after elemental diet, p < 0.05. When tolerated, elemental diet is as effective in the short term as prednisolone in newly and previously diagnosed Crohn's disease, and its benefit is independent of nutritional state. The subsequent relapse rate after elemental diet induced remission, however, is greater than after treatment with prednisolone.

Post-contrast acute kidney injury. Part 2: risk stratification, role of hydration and other prophylactic measures, patients taking metformin and chronic dialysis patients : Recommendations for updated ESUR Contrast Medium Safety Committee guidelines.

Abstract: The Contrast Media Safety Committee (CMSC) of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) has updated its 2011 guidelines on the prevention of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) The results of the literature review and the recommendations based on it, which were used to prepare the new guidelines, are presented in two papers Topics reviewed include stratification of PC-AKI risk, the need to withdraw nephrotoxic medication, PC-AKI prophylaxis with hydration or drugs, the use of metformin in diabetic patients receiving contrast medium and the need to alter dialysis schedules in patients receiving contrast medium • In CKD, hydration reduces the PC-AKI risk • Intravenous normal saline and intravenous sodium bicarbonate provide equally effective prophylaxis • No drugs have been consistently shown to reduce the risk of PC-AKI • Stop metformin from the time of contrast medium administration if eGFR < 30 ml/min/173 m 2 • Dialysis schedules need not change when intravascular contrast medium is given

The Development of Enzymes of Energy Metabolism in the Brain of a Precocial (Guinea Pig) and Non‐Precocial (Rat) Species

Abstract: Key enzymes of ketone body metabolism (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, 3-oxo-acid:CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) and glucose metabolism (hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase) have been measured in the brains of foetal, neonatal, and adult guinea pigs and compared to those in the brains of neonatal and adult rats. The activities of the guinea pig brain ketone-body-metabolising enzymes remain relatively low in activity throughout the foetal and neonatal periods, with only slight increases occurring at birth. This contrasts with the rat brain, where three- to fourfold increases in activity occur during the suckling period (0-21 days post partum), followed by a corresponding decrease in the adult. The activities of the hexokinase (mitochondrial and cytosolic), pyruvate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase of guinea pig brain show marked increases in the last 10-15 days before birth, so that at birth the guinea pig possesses activities of these enzymes similar to the adult state. This contrasts with the rat brain where these enzymes develop during the late suckling period (10-15 days after birth). The development of the enzymes of aerobic glycolytic metabolism correlate with the onset of neurological competence in the two species, the guinea pig being a "precocial" species born neurologically competent and the rat being a "non-precocial" species born neurologically immature. The results are discussed with respect to the enzymatic activities required for the energy metabolism of a fully developed, neurologically competent mammalian brain and its relative sensitivity to hypoxia.

Relation Between Number of Cardiovascular Risk Factors/Events and Noninvasive Doppler Ultrasound Assessments of Aortic Compliance

Abstract: —The aim of this study was to establish the relation between noninvasive Doppler ultrasound assessments of aortic compliance, based on “foot-to-foot” aortic pulse wave velocity measurements, and presumed atherosclerotic load in patients with vascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus. One hundred ten patients with vascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus (arteriopaths) underwent measurement of in vivo aortic compliance using Doppler ultrasound. Demographic data on these subjects were recorded along with details of cardiovascular risk factors and events. Aortic compliance values were compared with data from 51 age-matched healthy, asymptomatic subjects putatively free of vascular disease (controls). Data are expressed as mean±SD. Arteriopaths were aged 64.1±8.4 years and had total cholesterol levels of 5.9±1.1 mmol/L and aortic compliance of 0.78±0.42%/10 mm Hg [1.33 kPa]. Most arteriopaths had 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors and events: diabetes (n=41), hypertension (n=45), smoking (n=86), cerebrovascular/transient ischemic event (n=13), myocardial infarction (n=44), angina (n=51), and/or peripheral vascular disease (n=33). Controls were aged 64.3±12.1 years with total cholesterol of 6.1±1.1 mmol/L and aortic compliance of 1.14±0.46%/10 mm Hg [1.33 kPa] ( P P