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Institution

St Bartholomew's Hospital

HealthcareLondon, United Kingdom
About: St Bartholomew's Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 11054 authors who have published 13229 publications receiving 501102 citations. The organization is also known as: St. Bartholomew's Hospital & The Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1934-Nature
TL;DR: Fermi, Amaldi, D'Agostino, Rasetti and Segre as discussed by the authors found that many elements up to the atomic number 30, when bombarded by neutrons from a radon-beryllium source, are transmuted into a radioactive element which is chemically different from the bombarded element.
Abstract: Following the pioneer experiment of Fermi, it has been found by Fermi, Amaldi, D'Agostino, Rasetti and Segre that many elements up to the atomic number 30, when bombarded by neutrons from a radon-beryllium source, are transmuted into a radioactive element which is chemically different from the bombarded element. In several cases of this type, they succeeded in separating chemically the active substance from the bulk of the bombarded element, and there is no inherent difficulty in getting any desirable concentration of the radioactive element.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC shows better imaging properties for the identification of somatostatin receptor-positive tumour sites than currently available 111In-labelled octreotide derivatives.
Abstract: [111In-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid-d-Phe1]-octreotide (DTPA-octreotide) scintigraphy has gained widespread acceptance as a diagnostic clinical procedure in oncology for imaging somatostatin receptor-positive tumours. However, indium-111 as a radiolabel has several drawbacks, including limited availability, suboptimal gamma energy and high radiation burden to the patient. We have recently reported on the preclinical development of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a new octreotide derivative which showed promising results both in vitro and in vivo. We now report our initial clinical experiences with this new radiopharmaceutical in ten oncological patients. The clinical diagnoses were: carcinoid syndrome (n=5), thyroid cancer (n=3), pancreatic cancer (n=1) and pituitary tumour (n=1). The biodistribution and kinetics of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC were compared with those of 111In-DTPA-octreotide in six cases, and with those of 111In-DOTA-TOC in five cases. With the new tracer tumours were imaged within 15 min after injection and showed the highest target/non-target ratios 4 h after injection. Tumour uptake persisted up to 20 h p.i. The rate of blood clearance was similar to that of 111In-DTPA-octreotide but faster than that of 111In-DOTA-TOC, while urinary excretion was lower compared with the 111In derivatives. Semi-quantitative region of interest analysis showed that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC produced higher tumour/organ (target/non-target) ratios than the 111In derivatives, especially in relation to heart and muscle. Significantly more lesions could be detected in 99mTc images. We conclude that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC shows better imaging properties for the identification of somatostatin receptor-positive tumour sites than currently available 111In-labelled octreotide derivatives.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The assembly of four of the groups essential to the transplant process--clinicians, laboratory scientists, the pharmaceutical company, and the manufacturers of cyclosporine measurement kits--provided a unique opportunity to evaluate therapeutic drug monitoring issues facing the transplant field.
Abstract: The optimal measurement method and clinical application of the therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine remain uncertain. At a workshop held at Hawk's Cay, FL, from January 14 to January 17, 1990, 57 scientists presented their latest research findings, either in formal papers or as discussants. Lively debate and discussion followed presentation of extant and new methodologies for drug measurements as well as multicenter validation studies: applications of trough-concentration monitoring in renal, hepatic, and bone-marrow transplants as well as in autoimmune disease; and alternative pharmacokinetic approaches to guide cyclosporine therapy. The process of inducing and maintaining optimal immunosuppression to facilitate graft success is a complex and often challenging task, requiring the combined expertise of multiple disciplines. Thus, the assembly of four of the groups essential to the transplant process--clinicians, laboratory scientists, the pharmaceutical company, and the manufacturers of cyclosporine measurement kits--provided a unique opportunity to evaluate therapeutic drug monitoring issues facing the transplant field. Here we present the major conclusions reached at the meeting, brief discussions of the study data on which they are based, and a summary of unresolved problems that will require further rigorous investigations. The Consensus Document was reviewed by all the workshop participants before we submitted this final manuscript.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Given the experimental evidence that indicates GH/IGF‐1 provides an antiapoptotic environment that may favour survival of genetically damaged cells, longer‐term surveillance is necessary; over many years, even a subtle alteration in the environmental milieu in this direction, although not inducing cancer, could result in acceleration of carcinogenesis.
Abstract: The ability of GH, via its mediator peptide IGF-1, to influence regulation of cellular growth has been the focus of much interest in recent years In this review, we will explore the association between GH and cancer Available experimental data support the suggestion that GH/IGF-1 status may influence neoplastic tissue growth Extensive epidemiological data exist that also support a link between GH/IGF-1 status and cancer risk Epidemiological studies of patients with acromegaly indicate an increased risk of colorectal cancer, although risk of other cancers is unproven, and a long-term follow-up study of children deficient in GH treated with pituitary-derived GH has indicated an increased risk of colorectal cancer Conversely, extensive studies of the outcome of GH replacement in childhood cancer survivors show no evidence of an excess of de novo cancers, and more recent surveillance of children and adults treated with GH has revealed no increase in observed cancer risk However, given the experimental evidence that indicates GH/IGF-1 provides an anti-apoptotic environment that may favour survival of genetically damaged cells, longer-term surveillance is necessary; over many years, even a subtle alteration in the environmental milieu in this direction, although not inducing cancer, could result in acceleration of carcinogenesis Finally, even if GH/IGF-1 therapy does result in a small increase in cancer risk compared to untreated patients with GH deficiency, it is likely that the eventual risk will be the same as the general population Such a restoration to normality will need to be balanced against the known morbidity of untreated GH deficiency

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In conclusion, palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and vinorelbine beyond three courses conveys no survival or consistent QoL benefits in advanced NSCLC.
Abstract: This randomised multicentre trial was conducted to establish the optimal duration of palliative chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared a policy of three vs six courses of new-generation platinum-based combination chemotherapy with regard to effects on quality of life (QoL) and survival. Patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and WHO performance status (PS) 0–2 were randomised to receive three (C3) or six (C6) courses of carboplatin (area under the curve (AUC) 4, Chatelut's formula, equivalent to Calvert's AUC 5) on day 1 and vinorelbine 25 mg m−2 on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle. Key end points were QoL at 18 weeks, measured with EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and QLQ-LC13, and overall survival. Secondary end points were progression-free survival and need of palliative radiotherapy. Two hundred and ninety-seven patients were randomised (C3 150, C6 147). Their median age was 65 years, 30% had PS 2 and 76% stage IV disease. Seventy-eight and 54% of C3 and C6 patients, respectively, completed all scheduled chemotherapy courses. Compliance with QoL questionnaires was 88%. There were no significant group differences in global QoL, pain or fatigue up to 26 weeks. The dyspnoea palliation rate was lower in the C3 arm at 18 and 26 weeks (P<0.05), but this finding was inconsistent across different methods of analysis. Median survival in the C3 group was 28 vs 32 weeks in the C6 group (P=0.75, HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.82–1.31). One- and 2-year survival rates were 25 and 9% vs 25 and 5% in the C3 and C6 arm, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 16 and 21 weeks in the C3 and C6 groups, respectively (P=0.21, HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68–1.08). In conclusion, palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and vinorelbine beyond three courses conveys no survival or consistent QoL benefits in advanced NSCLC.

168 citations


Authors

Showing all 11065 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Philippe Froguel166820118816
Geoffrey Burnstock141148899525
Michael A. Kamm12463753606
David Scott124156182554
Csaba Szabó12395861791
Roger Williams122145572416
Derek M. Yellon12263854319
Walter F. Bodmer12157968679
John E. Deanfield12049761067
Paul Bebbington11958346341
William C. Sessa11738352208
Timothy G. Dinan11668960561
Bruce A.J. Ponder11640354796
Alexandra J. Lansky11463254445
Glyn Lewis11373449316
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
202216
2021390
2020354
2019307
2018257