St Bartholomew's Hospital

About: St Bartholomew's Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 11054 authors who have published 13229 publications receiving 501102 citations. The organization is also known as: St. Bartholomew's Hospital & The Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew.

Kinins act on B1 or B2 receptors to release conjointly endothelium-derived relaxing factor and prostacyclin from bovine aortic endothelial cells.

Abstract: 1. Bradykinin (Bk) induced the coupled release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and prostacyclin (PGI2) from bovine aortic endothelial cells grown in culture. The B2 kinin receptor antagonist, [D-Arg0,Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]-Bk, abolished this release by Bk. 2. Des-Arg9-Bk, a B1 kinin receptor agonist, also induced the release of EDRF and PGI2, but much higher concentrations were required to obtain a similar release to that induced by Bk. 3. [Leu8],des-Arg9-Bk, a B1 receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the response to des-Arg9-Bk without affecting the release induced by Bk. 4. The release of EDRF and PGI2 induced by arachidonic acid or ADP was not significantly affected by the B2 or the B1 antagonist. 5. We conclude, therefore, that Bk and des-Arg9-Bk were acting respectively on B2 and B1 bradykinin receptors. 6. The possible role of kinin receptors in the release of EDRF and PGI2 from endothelial cells is discussed.

Interactions of age, islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and first-phase insulin response in predicting risk of progression to IDDM in ICA+ relatives: the ICARUS data set. Islet Cell Antibody Register Users Study.

Abstract: Many studies have examined the role of age, islet cell antibodies (ICAs), insulin autoantibodies (IAAs), and first-phase insulin responses (FPIRs) to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) as markers of risk of progression to IDDM, but a large data set is required for the analysis of the interactions between these markers. The Islet Cell Antibody Register Users Study (ICARUS) register includes 456 first-degree relatives with ICA levels > or = 5 JDF U confirmed in a reference laboratory, 108 of whom have progressed to IDDM in the course of prospective follow-up. Analysis of this data set confirmed the importance of the loss of FPIR, high ICA titer, coexistence of IAA, and young age in enhancing the risk of progression to the disease. The influence of any given marker of risk is modified by the presence or absence of the other markers. Cox regression analysis performed in a subset of 217 subjects for whom IVGTT, ICA, and IAA data were available showed that risk was most strongly associated with loss of FPIR; IAA and ICA titer contributed equally to the model, while age was also an independent risk determinant.

Prolonged expression of the γ-H2AX DNA repair biomarker correlates with excess acute and chronic toxicity from radiotherapy treatment

Abstract: The normal tissue tolerance levels to fractionated radiotherapy have been appreciated by a century of careful clinical observations and radiobiological studies in animals. During clinical fractionated radiotherapy, these normal tissue tolerance levels are respected, and severe sequelae of radiotherapy are avoided in the majority of patients. Notwithstanding, a minority of patients experience unexpectedly severe normal tissue reactions. The ability to predict which patients might form this minority would be important. We have conducted a study to develop a rapid and reliable diagnostic test to predict excessive normal tissue toxicity (NTT) in radiotherapy patients. A flow cytometric immunocytochemical assay was used to measure DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cancer patients exposed to 2-Gy gamma radiation. DNA damage and repair was measured by induction of cellular γ-H2AX in unirradiated and exposed cells at specific time points following exposure. In 12 cancer patients that experienced severe atypical NTT following radiotherapy, there was a failure to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as measured by γ-H2AX induction and persistence. In ten cancer patients that experienced little or no NTT and in seven normal (noncancer controls), efficient repair of DNA DSB was observed in the γ-H2AX assay. We conclude that a flow cytometric assay based on γ-H2AX induction in PBL of radiotherapy patients may represent a robust, rapid and reliable biomarker to predict NTT during radiotherapy. Further research is required with a larger patient cohort to validate this important study.

British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2015

Abstract: Writing Group Duncan Churchill, Chair, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK Laura Waters, Vice Chair, Mortimer Market Centre, London, UK Nadia Ahmed, Mortimer Market Centre, London, UK Brian Angus, University of Oxford, UK Marta Boffito, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK Mark Bower, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK David Dunn, University College London, UK Simon Edwards, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, UK Carol Emerson, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK Sarah Fidler, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary’s, London, UK †Martin Fisher, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK Rob Horne, University College London, UK Saye Khoo, University of Liverpool, UK Clifford Leen, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK Nicola Mackie, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Neal Marshall, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK Fernando Monteiro, UK-CAB Mark Nelson, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK